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Urban seismology has gained scientific interest with the development of seismic ambient noise monitoring techniques and also for being a useful tool to connect society with the Earth sciences. The interpretation of the sources of seismic records generated by sporting events, traffic, or huge agglomerations arouses the population’s curiosity and opens up a range of possibilities for new applications of seismology, especially in the area of urban monitoring. In this contribution, we present the analysis of seismic records from a station in the city of Brasilia during unusual episodes of silencing and noisy periods. Usually, cultural noise is observed in high-fequency bands. We showed in our analysis that cultural noise can also be observed in the low-frequency band, when high-frequency signal is attenuated. As examples of noisy periods, we have that of the Soccer World Cup in Brazil in 2014, where changes in noise are related to celebrations of goals and the party held by FIFA in the city, and the political manifestations in the period of the Impeachment trial in 2016, which reached the concentration of about 300,000 protesters. The two most characteristic periods of seismic silence have been the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and the trucker strike that occurred across the country in 2018, both drastically reducing the movement of people in the city.

Urban seismology has gained scientific interest with the development of seismic ambient noise monitoring techniques and also for being a useful tool to connect society with the Earth sciences. The interpretation of the sources of seismic records generated by sporting events, traffic, or huge agglomerations arouses the population's curiosity and opens up a range of possibilities for new applications of seismology, especially in the area of urban monitoring. In this contribution, we present the analysis of seismic records from a station in the city of Brasilia during unusual episodes of silencing and noisy periods. Usually, cultural noise is observed in high-fequency bands. We showed in our analysis that cultural noise can also be observed in the low-frequency band, when high-frequency signal is attenuated. As examples of noisy periods, we have that of the Soccer World Cup in Brazil in 2014, where changes in noise are related to celebrations of goals and the party held by FIFA in the city, and the political manifestations in the period of the Impeachment trial in 2016, which reached the concentration of about 300,000 protesters. The two most characteristic periods of seismic silence have been the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and the trucker strike that occurred across the country in 2018, both drastically reducing the movement of people in the city.

The information in the literature on the effect of printing layer thickness on interim 3D-printed crowns is limited. In the present study, the effect of layer thickness on the trueness and margin quality of 3D-printed composite resin crowns was investigated and compared with milled crowns. The crowns were printed in 3 different layer thicknesses (20, 50, and 100 μm) by using a hybrid resin based on acrylic esters with inorganic microfillers or milled from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) discs and digitized with an intraoral scanner (test scans). The compare tool of the 3D analysis software was used to superimpose the test scans and the computer-aided design file by using the manual alignment tool and to virtually separate the surfaces. Deviations at different surfaces on crowns were calculated by using root mean square (RMS). Margin quality of crowns was examined under a stereomicroscope and graded. The data were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The layer thickness affected the trueness and margin quality of 3D-printed interim crowns. Milled crowns had higher trueness on intaglio and intaglio occlusal surfaces than 100 μm-layer thickness crowns. Milled crowns had the highest margin quality, while 20 μm and 100 μm layer thickness printed crowns had the lowest. The quality varied depending on the location of the margin.

Knowledge of Martian crust and uppermost mantle aid us studying the planet's evolution. NASA's InSight mission provides seismic data being used to reveal the interior structure. Most studies have focused on the crustal structure beneath InSight lander, but the seismic structure of other regions has remained poorly known. We use surface‐wave data to investigate the crustal structure of a large region along the Medusa Fossae Formation and the dichotomy. We adopt the largest‐magnitude marsquake (S1222a) that has been recorded, which provides both Rayleigh‐ and Love‐wave signals. We measure and jointly invert these surface‐wave fundamental‐mode group velocities from ∼15 to 40 s to estimate the average 1D isotropic velocity models. These models includes a high‐velocity layer at ∼7‐km depth, which could be due to a regional basaltic activity or regional stress. Our models also indicate that a common intra‐crustal structure (∼12–40 km depth) may exist in this region along the dichotomy. Plain Language Summary NASA's Mars exploration mission, InSight, brought a seismometer module that recorded numerous marsquakes. These marsquake recordings reveal the crustal structure beneath the InSight lander. To study the crustal structure of other regions, one can utilize a type of seismic waves, the surface waves. The largest marsquake event observed during InSight provides surface‐wave signals with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. By analyzing these signals, we investigate the average crustal structure between the epicenter and the InSight landing site in a region near the equator and along the planet's dichotomy. We find a high‐velocity layer at about 7 km depth compared to the layers above and below, which could be due to a regional flood basalt or the regional crustal compressional stress. Our result also exhibits the similar crustal structure (from around 12 to 40 km depth) as the structure beneath the InSight lander, which indicates the possibility of a similar intra‐crustal structure existing along the Martian dichotomy. Key Points Joint inversion of the S1222a Rayleigh‐ and Love‐wave group velocities provides 1D isotropic velocity models of the regional Martian crust These models indicate a high‐velocity layer at ∼7 km depth which could be due to the regional basaltic activity or the regional stress field Except for the high‐velocity layer, these models are similar to the crustal structure beneath InSight lander from ∼12 to 40 km depth

In the absence of earthquakes, oceanic microseisms are the strongest signals recorded by seismic stations. Using the GEOSCOPE global seismic network, we show that the secondary microseism spectra have global characteristics that depend on the station latitude and on the season. In both hemispheres, noise amplitude is larger during local winter, and close to the equator, noise amplitude is stable over the year. There is an excellent correlation between microseism amplitude variations over the year and changes in the highest wave areas. Considering the polarization of the secondary microseisms, we show that stations in the Northern Hemisphere and close to the equator record significant changes of the secondary microseism source azimuth over the year. During Northern Hemisphere summer, part or all of the sources are systematically located farther toward the south than during winter. Stations in French Guyana (MPG) and in Algeria (TAM) record microseisms generated several thousand kilometers away in the South Pacific Ocean and in the Indian Ocean, respectively. Thus, secondary microseism sources generated by ocean waves which originate in the Southern Hemisphere can be recorded by Northern Hemisphere stations when local sources are weak. We also show, considering a station close to Antarctica, that primary and secondary microseism noise amplitudes are strongly affected by changes of the sea ice floe and that sources of these microseisms are in different areas. Microseism recording can therefore be used to monitor climate changes.

Background The rapid aging of the European population and the subsequent increase in the oral care needs in older adults necessitates adequate training of dental professionals in Gerodontology (Geriatric Dentistry). This study was designed to investigate the current status of Gerodontology teaching amongst European dental schools at the undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education levels. Methods An electronic questionnaire was developed by a panel of experts and emailed to the Deans or other contact persons of 216 dental schools across 39 European countries. The questionnaire recorded activity levels, contents and methodology of Gerodontology teaching as part of dental education programs. Repeated e-mail reminders and telephone calls were used to encourage non-responders to complete the questionnaire. Results A total of 123 responses from 29 countries were received (response rate: 56.9%). Gerodontology was taught in 86.2% of schools at the undergraduate level, in 30.9% at the postgraduate level and in 30.1% at the continuing education level. A total of 43.9% of the responding schools had a dedicated Gerodontology program director. Gerodontology was taught as an independent subject in 37.4% of the respondent schools. Medical problems in old age, salivary impairment and prosthodontic management were the most commonly covered topics in Gerodontology teaching. Clinical teaching took place in 64.2% of the respondent schools, with 26.8% offering clinical training in outreach facilities. Conclusions The vast majority of European dental schools currently teach Gerodontology at the undergraduate level. More training opportunities in oral care of frail elders should be offered, and more emphasis should be placed on interdisciplinary and interprofessional training, educational collaborations, and the use of modern technologies. Dedicated postgraduate Gerodontology courses need to be developed to create a significant number of specialized dentists and trained academics.

For the first time, we measured the ellipticity of direct Rayleigh waves at intermediate periods (15–35 s) on Mars using the recordings of three large seismic Martian events, including S1222a, the largest event recorded by the InSight mission. These measurements, together with P‐to‐s receiver functions and P‐wave reflection times, were utilized for performing a joint inversion of the local crustal structure at the InSight landing site. Our inversion results are compatible with previously reported intra‐crustal discontinuities around 10 and 20 km depths, whereas the preferred models show a strong discontinuity at ∼37 km, which is interpreted as the crust‐mantle interface. Additionally, we support the presence of a shallow low‐velocity layer of 2–3 km thickness. Compared to nearby regions, lower seismic wave velocities are derived for the crust, suggesting a higher porosity or alteration of the whole local crust. Plain Language Summary As never before on Mars, we measured the characteristics of seismic waves traveling along the Martian surface that carry information about the crustal structure at the InSight site. We combined these measurements with two other local‐scale independent observations to derive a consolidated model for the crust underneath the InSight lander. Our results suggest a Martian crust with 4 layers and, particularly, one thin layer of about 2 km thickness close to the surface. The crust‐mantle discontinuity was found at ∼37 km depth, where the sharpest change in seismic wave velocity is observed. Overall, the seismic wave velocities of the local Martian crust at the InSight site are lower than those derived in other regions on Mars, which suggests a higher porosity or local alteration. Key Points Rayleigh waves ellipticity was measured between periods 15–35 s at the InSight landing site using large seismic events, including S1222a A 4‐layer crust, including a shallow low‐velocity layer, is required to explain the ellipticity, receiver functions and P‐wave lag times Low crustal velocities are derived for the InSight site, which may be due to high porosity or heavy alteration at local scale

Background Oral diseases disproportionately affect poorer and disadvantaged groups of society. Despite this, there is scarce evidence regarding the monitoring of the structural determinants of health and their impact on oral health status. Thus, this systematic review addresses the question: Is oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of elderly persons (aged ≥ 60 years) associated with structural determinants of health? Methods The present systematic review of observational studies applied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria; inclusion criteria: participants living in the community aged ≥ 60 years, reporting OHRQoL using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) or Oral Impact Daily Profile (OIDP). Exclusion criteria: studies reporting outcomes of participants aged < 60 years and residing in long-term care facilities. Three electronic databases (i.e., Embase, MEDLINE via Pubmed and Scopus) were screened (last searched on 23rd August 2024). Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the tailored quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis; the overall sum score of OHIP, GOHAI and OIDP were transformed on a scale of 0-100. Sub-group analyses were performed for OHRQoL sum scores stratified by the following variables: Country-level income, Gini index, unemployment rate, Human Development Index (HDI), out-of-pocket health expenditure, health expenditure per capita , prevalence of dental caries, edentulism and periodontal disease. Results The search identified 910 records. After deduplication, title, abstract and full-text review, 45 papers were included for data extraction. The highest OHRQoL sum scores were recorded in studies from countries with high-middle to high income (77.9, 95% CI 70.2–85.6), low Gini index (91.3, 95% CI 90.0-92.6), high to very high HDI (78.4, 95% CI 71.1–85.8) and lowest out-of-pocket expenditure (83.9, 95% CI 75.2–92.6). Countries with low dental caries prevalence reported higher OHRQoL compared to countries with high dental caries prevalence (81.5, 95% CI 76.5–86.6). Limitations include the fair quality of > 50% of the studies included and the high inter- study heterogeneity. Conclusions Structural determinants of health contribute to a good quality of life related to oral health. Upstream interventions are essential for improving oral health conditions and quality of life among older adults. Registration The review protocol was registered (CRD42024573590) with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) system.

This study presents the first 10-year follow-up investigation of the implant survival and peri-implant outcomes of one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs) retaining mandibular implant overdentures (IODs), including marginal bone level alterations (ΔMBLs), clinical peri-implant parameters, and complications. Twenty participants with horizontally atrophied mandibles received complete dentures and four MDIs (diameter 1.8 mm) at baseline. The dentures were converted into IODs with O-ring attachments. The 10-year follow-up comprised a radiological assessment of ΔMBLs, peri-implant parameters, as well as biological and technical complications. Results from a 10-year follow-up of 14 participants showed a 100% implant survival rate for all 56 implants. The mean ΔMBL after 10 years was −1.12 ± 0.80 mm, with 49 implants classified as successful (ΔMBL < 2 mm) and 7 implants with satisfactory survival (ΔMBL 2–4 mm). Time after implant placement significantly influenced ΔMBL, with stable MBLs after 5 years. The prosthetic survival rate after 10 years was 93%. ΔMBLs were not influenced by implant position or gender but were significantly smaller in subjects older than 65 years. Conclusively, one-piece MDIs with O-ring attachments offer a reliable treatment option for horizontally atrophied mandibles after 10 years, with high implant and prosthetic survival rates, potentially benefiting from advanced age regarding peri-implant bone stability.

Purpose To report the evaluation of in vivo retention forces after replacement of O-rings in one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs), retaining mandibular implant overdentures (IODs) with ball/O-ring attachments during 10 years assessed. Methods Twenty patients received new complete dentures, which were converted into IODs through stabilization with four MDIs (Condent GmbH; diameter: 1.8 mm) placed in the interforaminal region. Retention forces were measured at the male and female parts at baseline, 5, and 10 years using a validated strain gauge. Fourteen patients completed the 10-year follow-up. Results After 10 years, a minor but significant reduction in retention force was observed in the male part of the implant at position 44. In contrast, neither the male part at the other implant positions nor the female part at any position showed a significant decrease in retention force compared to baseline. After replacement of the O-ring inserts, baseline values could be restored and no significant changes in retention forces were observed at the 10-year follow-up. No difference in anterior and posterior implants could be determined. Conclusions Initial retention forces of mandibular IODs supported by four MDIs can be reestablished by replacing the O-rings with pristine ones after 10 years, with stable retention forces at both the male and female parts throughout the functional period, with no discernible differences between anterior and posterior implants.