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165 result(s) for "Schlee, Günther"
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Difference and sameness as modes of integration
What does it mean to \"fit in?\" This volume of essays demystifies the discourse on identity, challenging common assumptions about role of similarity in inclusion and exclusion. Armed with intimate knowledge of local social structures, these essays tease out the ways in which ethnicity, religion and nationalism are used for social integration.
Who Owns the Stock?
The issue of collective and multiple property rights in animals, such as cattle, camels or reindeers, among pastoralists has never been a subject of special cross-cultural and comparative study. Focusing on pastoralist societies in East and West Africa, the Far North and Siberia, and the Eurasian steppes, this volume addresses the issue of property rights and the changes these societies have undergone due to the direct or indirect influence of modernization and globalization processes. The contributors also investigate the interplay of older sets of rights and modern marketing policies; political, ecological and economic effects of collectivization and de-collectivization; the existence of collective and private property in the Soviet Union and its successor states; state taxation and destocking measures in African dry lands; and the effects of quarantine, as well as import and export regulations. The rich and well-researched ethnographic, historical, and economic data in these chapters provides new theoretical insights into the matter of property rights in animals.
Difference and Sameness as Modes of Integration
What does it mean to \"fit in?\" In this volume of essays, editors Günther Schlee and Alexander Horstmann demystify the discourse on identity, challenging common assumptions about the role of sameness and difference as the basis for inclusion and exclusion. Armed with intimate knowledge of local systems, social relationships, and the negotiation of people's positions in the everyday politics, these essays tease out the ways in which ethnicity, religion and nationalism are used for social integration.
Why States Still Destroy Pastoralism and How They Can Learn That in Their Own Interest They Should Not
Behnke and Kerven find that large-scale, irrigated cotton or sugar cane production yields less per hectare than simply leaving the land to the pastoralists, not even counting the losses of surface suitable for any kind of crop or fodder production caused by forms of irrigation that lead to increased soil salinity. The costs include the following: hostility between pastoralists and large farmers (a 'security' issue, which, like all such issues, also has a financial side); decline of the remaining, congested rangelands; high costs of supplementary fodder, a factor that squeezes out small herd owners; and intensive litigation about 'trespassing', caused by the expansion of agriculture into long-established but no longer properly enforced livestock corridors, which, after having been reduced from grazing areas to mere routes, are now often blocked completely by cultivated fields.
Domesticating youth
Most of the Muslim societies of the world have entered a demographic transition from high to low fertility, and this process is accompanied by an increase in youth vis-a-vis other age groups. Political scientists and historians have debated whether such a \"youth bulge\" increases the potential for conflict or whether it represents a chance to accumulate wealth and push forward social and technological developments. This book introduces the discussion about youth bulge into social anthropology using Tajikistan, a post-Soviet country that experienced civil war in the 1990s, which is in the middle of such a demographic transition. Sophie Roche develops a social anthropological approach to analyze demographic and political dynamics, and suggests a new way of thinking about social change in youth bulge societies.
Animal Production for a More Sustainable Economy
Schlee argues that to stop the current wave of species extinction, more space needs to be left to nature or to be given back to the wild. In semi-arid regions pastoralism as a form of land use competes with national parks and other forms of conservation. Under favorable conditions, the populations of wild animals grow and expand beyond the limits of the parks and, under unfavorable conditions, animals are forced out of the park. The zones used by pastoralists are only used intermittently and might provide pasture for wild herbivores. Disease interaction between wild and domestic ungulates normally favors the wild. If poaching is controlled, there is little conservationists need to worry about if ungulates venture beyond the limits of parks or reserves into zones used by pastoralists.
Taking sides and constructing identities: reflections on conflict theory
Conflicts are often explained in terms of the interests of the groups involved, especially their competition for resources or gains. There is much merit in this approach. Theories of this type appear more realistic than those which take the legitimizing accounts of participants at face value. What people are fighting about is a fundamental question in conflict analysis, but there is another equally fundamental question that remains poorly understood, namely, who is fighting whom and why? How and why do people draw the distinction between friend and foe precisely where they do? / On explique volontiers les conflits en termes d'intérêts des groupes impliqués et notamment de la concurrence à laquelle ils se livrent pour des ressources ou des profits. Cette approche a quelque mérite. Les théories de ce type paraissent souvent plus réalistes que celles qui prennent pour argent comptant les discours de légitimation des belligérants. La question de l'enjeu est fondamentale pour l'analyse des conflits, mais il y en a une autre, tout aussi importante et mal comprise jusqu'à présent : qui lutte contre qui, et pourquoi ? Comment et pourquoi trace-t-on la ligne de démarcation entre ami et ennemi là plutôt qu'ailleurs ?
Effects of footwear on plantar foot sensitivity: a study with Formula 1 shoes
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Formula 1 footwear on the ability of the plantar foot to detect vibration stimuli. Twenty-five male subjects participated in the study. Five foot/shoe conditions were analysed (barefoot and four shoe conditions). Vibration thresholds were measured at three anatomical locations of the plantar foot (heel, first metatarsal head and hallux) at two frequencies (30 and 200 Hz). The results show a frequency-dependent influence of footwear on foot sensitivity. The comparison between barefoot and shod conditions showed lower thresholds ( P  < 0.01) for the barefoot condition at 30 Hz, whereas lower thresholds ( P  < 0.01 ) were found for all shoe conditions at 200 Hz compared to barefoot. Lower thresholds ( P  < 0.01) were measured at 200 Hz in comparison to 30 Hz in all experimental conditions. The shoe outsole material seems to facilitate the transmission of high-frequent vibration stimuli to the skin, resulting in better vibration sensitivity at 200 Hz when wearing Formula 1 shoes compared to barefoot.