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Seriously funny : Mexican political jokes as social resistance
\"Exploring the ways in which political humor has developed and operated in Mexico over more than four centuries, this is groundbreaking work argues persuasively that political jokes are acts of rebellion: their objective is not to overthrow a government but to correct its mistakes\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Direct Determination of Absolute Molecular Stereochemistry in Gas Phase by Coulomb Explosion Imaging
Bijvoet's method, which makes use of anomalous x-ray diffraction or dispersion, is the standard means of directly determining the absolute (stereochemical) configuration of molecules, but it requires crystalline samples and often proves challenging in structures exclusively comprising light atoms. Herein, we demonstrate a mass spectrometry approach that directly images the absolute configuration of individual molecules in the gas phase by cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy after laser ionizatior–induced Coulomb explosion. This technique is applied to the prototypical chiral molecule bromochlorofluoromethane and the isotopically chiral methane derivative bromodichloromethane.
Journal Article
Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective
Systemic chemotherapy remains the backbone of many cancer treatments. Due to its untargeted nature and the severe side effects it can cause, numerous nanomedicine approaches have been developed to overcome these issues. However, targeted delivery of therapeutics remains challenging. Engineering microrobots is increasingly receiving attention in this regard. Their functionalities, particularly their motility, allow microrobots to penetrate tissues and reach cancers more efficiently. Here, we highlight how different microrobots, ranging from tailor-made motile bacteria and tiny bubble-propelled microengines to hybrid spermbots, can be engineered to integrate sophisticated features optimised for precision-targeting of a wide range of cancers. Towards this, we highlight the importance of integrating clinicians, the public and cancer patients early on in the development of these novel technologies.
Microbot delivery devices are the latest development in attempts to overcome the systemic toxicity associated with classical chemotherapy. Here, the authors review the recent progress in the field with a focus on the clinical translation and potential of the research and give a future perspective on this topic.
Journal Article
The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential
The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is one of the world's oldest nationwide hospital registries and is used extensively for research. Many studies have validated algorithms for identifying health events in the DNPR, but the reports are fragmented and no overview exists.
To review the content, data quality, and research potential of the DNPR.
We examined the setting, history, aims, content, and classification systems of the DNPR. We searched PubMed and the Danish Medical Journal to create a bibliography of validation studies. We included also studies that were referenced in retrieved papers or known to us beforehand. Methodological considerations related to DNPR data were reviewed.
During 1977-2012, the DNPR registered 8,085,603 persons, accounting for 7,268,857 inpatient, 5,953,405 outpatient, and 5,097,300 emergency department contacts. The DNPR provides nationwide longitudinal registration of detailed administrative and clinical data. It has recorded information on all patients discharged from Danish nonpsychiatric hospitals since 1977 and on psychiatric inpatients and emergency department and outpatient specialty clinic contacts since 1995. For each patient contact, one primary and optional secondary diagnoses are recorded according to the International Classification of Diseases. The DNPR provides a data source to identify diseases, examinations, certain in-hospital medical treatments, and surgical procedures. Long-term temporal trends in hospitalization and treatment rates can be studied. The positive predictive values of diseases and treatments vary widely (<15%-100%). The DNPR data are linkable at the patient level with data from other Danish administrative registries, clinical registries, randomized controlled trials, population surveys, and epidemiologic field studies - enabling researchers to reconstruct individual life and health trajectories for an entire population.
The DNPR is a valuable tool for epidemiological research. However, both its strengths and limitations must be considered when interpreting research results, and continuous validation of its clinical data is essential.
Journal Article
Sword fighting. 1, An introduction to handling a long sword
\"A comprehensive introduction to the subject of sword fighting: Herbert Schmidt explains the fundamentals of fighting with the long sword--the guards, cuts and Master Cuts, as well as advanced techniques and tactics for practical fighting. These also include wrestling at the sword. Typical combat sequences, equipment tips, cutting tests, training and free fighting, plus an extensive glossary round out this new standard work. Its modern approach and numerous photos make this book a valuable textbook and reference.\"--Page 4 of cover.
BOOK
The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records
Denmark has a large network of population-based medical databases, which routinely collect high-quality data as a by-product of health care provision. The Danish medical databases include administrative, health, and clinical quality databases. Understanding the full research potential of these data sources requires insight into the underlying health care system. This review describes key elements of the Danish health care system from planning and delivery to record generation. First, it presents the history of the health care system, its overall organization and financing. Second, it details delivery of primary, hospital, psychiatric, and elderly care. Third, the path from a health care contact to a database record is followed. Finally, an overview of the available data sources is presented. This review discusses the data quality of each type of medical database and describes the relative technical ease and cost-effectiveness of exact individual-level linkage among them. It is shown, from an epidemiological point of view, how Denmark's population represents an open dynamic cohort with complete long-term follow-up, censored only at emigration or death. It is concluded that Denmark's constellation of universal health care, long-standing routine registration of most health and life events, and the possibility of exact individual-level data linkage provides unlimited possibilities for epidemiological research.
Journal Article
Back to dog-gone school
This photographic Step 2 early reader--consisting of school-themed poems--is sure to delight dog lovers and those anxious about going back to school.
Book
H2 generated by fermentation in the human gut microbiome influences metabolism and competitive fitness of gut butyrate producers
Background
Hydrogen gas (H
2
) is a common product of carbohydrate fermentation in the human gut microbiome and its accumulation can modulate fermentation. Concentrations of colonic H
2
vary between individuals, raising the possibility that H
2
concentration may be an important factor differentiating individual microbiomes and their metabolites. Butyrate-producing bacteria (butyrogens) in the human gut usually produce some combination of butyrate, lactate, formate, acetate, and H
2
in branched fermentation pathways to manage reducing power generated during the oxidation of glucose to acetate and carbon dioxide. We predicted that a high concentration of intestinal H
2
would favor the production of butyrate, lactate, and formate by the butyrogens at the expense of acetate, H
2
, and CO
2
. Regulation of butyrate production in the human gut is of particular interest due to its role as a mediator of colonic health through anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties.
Results
For butyrogens that contained a hydrogenase, growth under a high H
2
atmosphere or in the presence of the hydrogenase inhibitor CO stimulated production of organic fermentation products that accommodate reducing power generated during glycolysis, specifically butyrate, lactate, and formate. Also as expected, production of fermentation products in cultures of
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
strain A2-165, which does not contain a hydrogenase, was unaffected by H
2
or CO. In a synthetic gut microbial community, addition of the H
2
-consuming human gut methanogen
Methanobrevibacter smithii
decreased butyrate production alongside H
2
concentration. Consistent with this observation,
M. smithii
metabolic activity in a large human cohort was associated with decreased fecal butyrate, but only during consumption of a resistant starch dietary supplement, suggesting the effect may be most prominent when H
2
production in the gut is especially high. Addition of
M. smithii
to the synthetic communities also facilitated the growth of
E. rectale
, resulting in decreased relative competitive fitness of
F. prausnitzii.
Conclusions
H
2
is a regulator of fermentation in the human gut microbiome. In particular, high H
2
concentration stimulates production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite butyrate. By consuming H
2
, gut methanogenesis can decrease butyrate production. These shifts in butyrate production may also impact the competitive fitness of butyrate producers in the gut microbiome.
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Video Abstract
Journal Article