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"Schmidt, David"
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Limited Shallow Slip for the 2020 Simeonof Earthquake, Alaska, Constrained by GNSS‐Acoustic
The 22 July 2020 Mw7.8 Simeonof earthquake was a deep megathrust event that ruptured along the Shumagin segment of the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. This earthquake occurred ∼250 km from a seafloor geodetic GNSS‐Acoustic site IVB1, where we observed a velocity of 3.78 ± 1.15 cm/yr with the down‐going slab prior to the earthquake followed by 0.6 ± 0.7 eastward and −15.5 ± 0.8 cm northward coseismic offset. We computed a slip model of the coseismic rupture using the static offset at IVB1 alongside regional continuous GNSS and strong motion stations. The small static horizontal offset at the site precludes significantly shallower rupture than previously inferred from terrestrial observations, confirming that the Simeonof earthquake was a deep megathrust earthquake. The observed site velocity implies partial locking prior to the earthquake, implying significant shallow strain accumulation such that the small coseismic offset is unlikely to have relieved all of the accumulated strain since the last coseismic rupture. Plain Language Summary The 22 July 2020 Mw7.8 Simeonof earthquake ruptured east of the Shumagin Islands along the interface of the Alaska‐Aluetian subduction zone, where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the North American plate. This earthquake occurred ∼250 km from a seafloor geodetic GNSS‐Acoustic site IVB1, which acts as a seafloor GPS station and provides the only direct offshore measurement of seafloor deformation following the earthquake. In late September 2020, we observed 0.6 ± 0.7 of eastward offset and −15.5 ± 0.8 cm of northward offset at the station IVB1 and used this measurement to refine a model of the earthquake rupture area that previously only used the GPS and seismic stations installed on the nearby Aleutian Islands. The seafloor offset was not large enough to require additional rupture to the south of where previous studies have imaged the earthquake, confirming that the Simeonof earthquake was a deep megathrust earthquake. Prior to the earthquake, station IVB1 was moving with the down‐going Pacific plate with a velocity of 3.78 ± 1.15 cm/yr despite resting on the North American plate, implying that the two plates are partially stuck together. We expect that there could still be another future earthquake beneath IVB1 since the offset at IVB1 following the Simeonof earthquake was smaller than expected. Key Points We observed seafloor offset at a GNSS‐Acoustic site along the Alaska subduction zone following the 22 July 2020 Mw7.8 Simeonof earthquake Additional slip updip of the main earthquake rupture area is not required to generate the observed seafloor offset The shallow plate interface was partially locked prior to the Simeonof earthquake and may still host unrelieved strain
Journal Article
The Role of Fully Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics for Floating Wind Applications: A Review
Following the operational success of the Hywind Scotland, Kincardine, WindFloat Atlantic, and Hywind Tampen floating wind farms, the floating offshore wind industry is expected to play a critical role in the global clean energy transition. However, there is still significant work needed in optimizing the design and implementation of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) to justify the widespread adoption of this technology and ensure that it is commercially viable compared to other more-established renewable energy technologies. The present review explores the application of fully coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approaches for achieving the cost reductions and design confidence necessary for floating wind to fully establish itself as a reliable and practical renewable energy technology. In particular, using these models to better understand and predict the highly nonlinear and integrated environmental loading on FOWT systems and the resulting dynamic responses prior to full-scale implementation is of increased importance.
Journal Article
Fellini : the Sixties
\"Fellini: The Sixties is a stunning photographic journey through the director's most iconic classics: La Dolce Vita, 81/2, Juliet of the Spirits, and Fellini Satyricon. Carefully selected imagery from the Independent Visions photographic archive, many published here for the first time, illuminate these films as they have never been seen before, and reveal fascinating details of the director's working style and ebullient personality. With more than 150 photographs struck from original negatives, these images spring to life from the page with the depth and quality of the films themselves. Complemented with insightful essays from contemporary writers, Fellini: The Sixties is a true testament to the man and his work, a remarkable compendium of the legendary filmmaker's greatest achievements\"--Jacket.
BOOK
OC6 Phase IV: Validation of CFD Models for Stiesdal TetraSpar Floating Offshore Wind Platform
With only a few floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) farms deployed anywhere in the world, FOWT technology is still in its infancy, building on a modicum of real‐world experience to advance the nascent industry. To support further development, engineers rely heavily on modeling tools to accurately portray the behavior of these complex systems under realistic environmental conditions. This reliance creates a need for verification and validation of such tools to improve reliability of load and dynamic response prediction and analysis capabilities of FOWT systems. The Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project was created under the framework of the International Energy Agency to address this need and considers a three‐sided verification and validation between engineering level models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental results. In this paper, a novel floating offshore wind platform, the Stiesdal TetraSpar, is simulated using CFD under the load conditions defined by Phase IV of the OC6 project. The comparison of these CFD results against the experimental results demonstrated the ability to predict the platform response to waves when imposing the measured wave signals as input. Although validation versus experiment was largely successful, the damping behavior was impacted by uncertainties likely originating from the mooring system and sensor umbilical cable. This extensive comparison effort with multiple CFD practitioners offers insight into best practices to achieve reliable results.
Journal Article
On the biomechanics of heart valve function
Heart valves (HVs) are fluidic control components of the heart that ensure unidirectional blood flow during the cardiac cycle. However, this description does not adequately describe the biomechanical ramifications of their function in that their mechanics are multi-modal. Moreover, they must replicate their cyclic function over an entire lifetime, with an estimated total functional demand of least 3×10
9 cycles. The focus of the present review is on the functional biomechanics of heart valves. Thus, the focus of the present review is on
functional biomechanics, referring primarily to biosolid as well as several key biofluid mechanical aspects underlying heart valve physiological function. Specifically, we refer to the mechanical behaviors of the extracellular matrix structural proteins, underlying cellular function, and their integrated relation to the major aspects of valvular hemodynamic function. While we focus on the work from the author's laboratories, relevant works of other investigators have been included whenever appropriate. We conclude with a summary of important future trends.
Journal Article
Separate games : African American sport behind the walls of segregation
The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these \"separate games\" provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination.
Book
Genetic Variation in Low-To-Medium-Affinity Fcγ Receptors: Functional Consequences, Disease Associations, and Opportunities for Personalized Medicine
Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) are the cellular receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Upon binding of complexed IgG, FcγRs can trigger various cellular immune effector functions, thereby linking the adaptive and innate immune systems. In humans, six classic FcγRs are known: one high-affinity receptor (FcγRI) and five low-to-medium-affinity FcγRs (FcγRIIA, -B and -C, FcγRIIIA and -B). In this review we describe the five genes encoding the low-to-medium -affinity FcγRs (
, and
, including well-characterized functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes as well as copy number variants (CNVs), which occur in distinct copy number regions across the locus. The evolution of the locus is also discussed. Importantly, we recommend a consistent nomenclature of genetic variants in the
locus. Next, we focus on the relevance of genetic variation in the
locus in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, highlighting pathophysiological insights that are informed by genetic association studies. Finally, we illustrate how specific FcγR variants relate to variation in treatment responses and prognosis amongst autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant immunology, suggesting novel opportunities for personalized medicine.
Journal Article