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In Zeiten von Smartphone und Social Web die Medienkritik von Gunther Anders und Theodor W. Adorno zu behandeln, scheint auf den ersten Blick ein antiquiertes Vorhaben zu sein. Dabei wird die Auseinandersetzung mit ihren Gedanken zu Mensch, Gesellschaft und Medien immer wichtiger. Die Seele des Menschen ist inmitten der totalen Computerisierung vom verzifferten Larm und von den grellen Bildschirmen umstellt. Das Andere, Nichtidentische ruckt mit der Digitalisierung von allem und jedem in immer weitere Ferne. Mit der hier vorgenommenen Relekture lassen sich die kritischen Theorien von Gunther Anders und Theodor W. Adorno zuspitzen. In der totalen Uberhohung der ins-trumentellen ratio (Adorno) in Form von obskuren Datenbergen lasst sich ein neuer Hohepunkt der Dialektik der Aufklarung verorten. Der Ruckfall der aufgeklarten Gesellschaft in den Mythos ereignet sich ganz konkret in der digitalen Totalitat - wir stecken mit Big Data mitten drin.

In two studies, we demonstrated that liberals underestimate their similarity to other liberals (i.e., display truly false uniqueness), whereas moderates and conservatives overestimate their similarity to other moderates and conservatives (i.e., display truly false consensus; Studies 1 and 2). We further demonstrated that a fundamental difference between liberals and conservatives in the motivation to feel unique explains this ideological distinction in the accuracy of estimating similarity (Study 2). Implications of the accuracy of consensus estimates for mobilizing liberal and conservative political movements are discussed.

Purpose Radiotherapy-activated NBTXR3 (NBTXR3 + RT) has demonstrated superior efficacy in cancer cell destruction and tumor growth control, compared to radiotherapy (RT), in preclinical and clinical settings. Previous studies highlighted the immunomodulatory properties of NBTXR3 + RT, such as modification of tumor cell immunogenicity/adjuvanticity, producing an effective local tumor control and abscopal effect, related to an enhanced antitumor immune response. Furthermore, NBTXR3 + RT has shown potential in restoring anti-PD1 efficacy in a refractory tumor model. However, the early events leading to these results, such as NBTXR3 endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and primary biological responses induced by NBTXR3 + RT remain poorly understood. Methods We analyzed by transmission electron microscopy endocytosis and intracellular localization of NBTXR3 nanoparticles after endocytosis in various cell lines, in vitro and in vivo. A kinetic of NBTXR3 endocytosis and its impact on lysosomes was conducted using LysoTracker staining, and a RNAseq analysis was performed. We investigated the ability of NBTXR3 + RT to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and ferroptosis by analyzing lipid peroxidation. Additionally, we evaluated the recapture by cancer cells of NBTXR3 released from dead cells. Results NBTXR3 nanoparticles were rapidly internalized by cells mainly through macropinocytosis and in a less extend by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. NBTXR3-containing endosomes were then fused with lysosomes. The day following NBTXR3 addition, we measured a significant increase in LysoTracker lysosome labeling intensity, in vitro as in vivo. Following RT, a significant lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) was measured exclusively in cells treated with NBTXR3 + RT, while RT had no effect. The day post-irradiation, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, a biomarker of ferroptosis, was measured with NBTXR3 + RT compared to RT. Moreover, we demonstrated that NBTXR3 nanoparticles released from dead cells can be recaptured by cancer cells. Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into the early and specific biological effects induced by NBTXR3 + RT, especially LMP, not induced by RT in our models. The subsequent significant increase in lipid peroxidation partially explains the enhanced cancer cell killing capacity of NBTXR3 + RT compared to RT, potentially by promoting ferroptosis. This study improves our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying NBTXR3 + RT and highlights its potential as an agnostic therapeutic strategy for solid cancers treatment. Graphical Abstract

In this paper we describe a coupled model of Earth's magnetosphere that consists of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation, the MIX ionosphere solver and the Rice Convection Model (RCM) and report some results using idealized inputs and model parameters. The algorithmic and physical components of the model are described, including the transfer of magnetic field information and plasma boundary conditions to the RCM and the return of ring current plasma properties to the LFM. Crucial aspects of the coupling include the restriction of RCM to regions where field‐line averaged plasma‐β≤ 1, the use of a plasmasphere model, and the MIX ionosphere model. Compared to stand‐alone MHD, the coupled model produces a substantial increase in ring current pressure and reduction of the magnetic field near the Earth. In the ionosphere, stronger region‐1 and region‐2 Birkeland currents are seen in the coupled model but with no significant change in the cross polar cap potential drop, while the region‐2 currents shielded the low‐latitude convection potential. In addition, oscillations in the magnetic field are produced at geosynchronous orbit with the coupled code. The diagnostics of entropy and mass content indicate that these oscillations are associated with low‐entropy flow channels moving in from the tail and may be related to bursty bulk flows and bubbles seen in observations. As with most complex numerical models, there is the ongoing challenge of untangling numerical artifacts and physics, and we find that while there is still much room for improvement, the results presented here are encouraging. Key Points The LFM‐RCM‐MIX successfully couples ring current pressure to MHD fields The model produces strong Region‐2 currents and shielding of the low lattitude The model produces low‐entropy injections with dipolarization fronts

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a life-threatening complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), which may even occur after patients have switched to hemodialysis (HD) or undergone kidney transplantation. The incidence of EPS varies across the globe and increases with PD vintage. Causative factors are the chronic exposure to bioincompatible PD solutions, which cause long-term modifications of the peritoneum, a high peritoneal transporter status involving high glucose concentrations, peritonitis episodes, and smoldering peritoneal inflammation. Additional potential causes are predisposing genetic factors and some medications. Clinical symptoms comprise signs of intestinal obstruction and a high peritoneal transporter status with incipient ultrafiltration failure. In radiological, macro-, and microscopic studies, a massively fibrotic and calcified peritoneum enclosed the intestine and parietal wall in such cases. Empirical treatments commonly used are corticosteroids and tamoxifen, which has fibrinolytic properties. Immunosuppressants like azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, or mTOR inhibitors may also help with reducing inflammation, fibrin deposition, and collagen synthesis and maturation. In animal studies, N-acetylcysteine, colchicine, rosiglitazone, thalidomide, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors yielded promising results. Surgical treatment has mainly been performed in severe cases of intestinal obstruction, with varying results. Mortality rates are still 25–55% in adults and about 14% in children. To reduce the incidence of EPS and improve the outcome of this devastating complication of chronic PD, vigorous consideration of the risk factors, early diagnosis, and timely discontinuation of PD and therapeutic interventions are mandatory, even though these are merely based on empirical evidence.

Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, used in over 50% of cases. It employs ionizing radiation, primarily X-rays, to target and destroy tumors through direct DNA damage and indirect effects via reactive oxygen species. Despite technological advancements improving precision of the delivered dose to the tumor, radiotherapy faces critical challenges, particularly damage to healthy tissues, which limits the maximum safe dose. Recent years have seen significant improvements in radiation delivery, including advanced imaging for real-time tumor tracking and combinations with immunotherapy. However, the need for innovative strategies to enhance radiotherapy’s therapeutic index remains essential. The radioenhancer NBTXR3 could represent a solution in addressing these limitations. This nanotechnology has been designed to amplify radiotherapy’s effects within tumors without increasing toxicity in non-injected adjacent healthy tissues. Beyond better cancer cell destruction and tumor control, radiotherapy-activated NBTXR3 nanoparticles can also stimulate systemic antitumor immune responses in preclinical models. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of preclinical research on NBTXR3, focusing on its mechanism of action and role in initiating and enhancing antitumor immune responses.

Both pre-race meet and daily turf surface condition measurements are required by regulations adopted as part of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA). The Orono Biomechanical Surface Tester (OBST) is the primary device used for characterizing a racing surface and is used for the pre-meet inspections. Tools that are better suited for the daily testing of turf surfaces are also needed to meet the new federal regulations. The purpose of this study was to compare five simple tools commonly used in turf applications to the OBST. Data were collected with each of the six devices at plots chosen to approximate the current and potential compositions of North American turf racetracks. Correlations and linear regression models were then established between the simple tool measurements and the parameters measured by the OBST. The moisture probe was found to be the primary device for race day characterization due to its strong correlation to OBST measurements. The Longchamp Penetrometer is also prioritized for daily measurements due to its established correlation to horse performance and injuries. The Clegg Impact Hammer provides further improvement of the linear regression model. The Turf Shear Tester and GoingStick® were not found to correlate well to the biomechanically based device.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of non-contrast-enhanced 2D quiescent-interval single-shot (QISS) and 3D turbo spin-echo (TSE)-based subtraction magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the assessment of peripheral arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Materials and methods Nineteen consecutive patients (74 % male, 72.8 ± 9.9 years) with CLI underwent 2D QISS and 3D TSE-based subtraction MRA at 1.5 T. Axial-overlapping QISS MRA (3 mm/2 mm; 1 × 1 mm 2 ) covered from the toes to the aortic bifurcation while coronal 3D TSE-based subtraction MRA (1.3 × 1.2 × 1.3 mm 3 ) was restricted to the calf only. MRA data sets (two readers) were evaluated for stenosis (≥50 %) and image quality. Results were compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Results Two hundred and sixty-seven (267) segments were available for MRA-DSA comparison, with a prevalence of stenosis ≥50 % of 41.9 %. QISS MRA was rated as good to excellent in 79.5–96.0 % of segments without any nondiagnostic segments; 89.8–96.1 % of segments in 3D TSE-based subtraction MRA were rated as nondiagnostic or poor. QISS MRA sensitivities and specificities (segmental) were 92 % and 95 %, respectively, for reader one and 81–97 % for reader two. Due to poor image quality of 3D TSE-based subtraction MRA, diagnostic performance measures were not calculated. Conclusion QISS MRA demonstrates excellent diagnostic performance and higher robustness than 3D TSE-based subtraction MRA in the challenging patient population with CLI. Key Points • QISS MRA allows reliable diagnosis of peripheral artery stenosis in critical limb ischemia. • Robustness of TSE-based subtraction MRA is limited in critical limb ischemia. • QISS MRA allows robust therapy planning in PAD patients with resting leg pain.

This study introduces advanced Joint Models (JM) to enhance mortality prediction in dialysis patients, addressing the inadequacies of existing models which lack clinical precision. We analyzed the relationship between albumin trajectories and mortality in 314 peritoneal dialysis patients over eight years, using training and validation datasets. We developed 12 JM, incorporating seven baseline risk factors; 10 models addressed individual and within-patient trajectory outliers, and six models included the competing events of hemodialysis transfer and kidney transplantation. These were also applied to a hemodialysis cohort of 315 patients. Findings showed a consistent albumin hazard ratio for death across all JM, ranging from 1.22 to 1.28, confirmed by two simulation studies. JM software optimizations achieved 3- to sixfold faster processing and 4.1- to 12.9-fold higher efficiency than conventional software. Longer follow-up improved all JM accuracies, and models with competing risks outperformed those considering only outliers. Across forecasting periods up to five years, all JM consistently surpassed benchmark Cox models, demonstrating significantly higher Area Under Curve (AUC) scores in both peritoneal and hemodialysis groups. In conclusion, our JM combine established risk factors with dynamic individual albumin profiles, integrating outliers and competing risks, substantially enhancing mortality predictions for dialysis patients.

The consensus nowadays is that there is a need to adapt to increasingly occurring climate impacts by means of adaptation plans. However, only a minority of European cities has an approved climate adaptation plan by now. To support stakeholder dialogue and decision-making processes in climate adaptation planning, a detailed spatial information and evidence base in terms of a climate impact assessment is needed. This article aims to compare the climate impact assessment done in the context of two regional climate change adaptation planning processes in a Dutch and a German region. To do so, a comparison of guidelines and handbooks, methodological approaches, available data, and resulting maps and products is conducted. Similarities and differences between the two approaches with a particular focus on the input and output of such analysis are identified and both processes are assessed using a set of previously defined quality criteria. Both studies apply a similar conceptualisation of climate impacts and focus strongly on issues concerning their visualisation and communication. At the same time, the methods of how climate impacts are calculated and mapped are quite different. The discussion and conclusion section highlights the need to systematically consider climatic and socio-economic changes when carrying out a climate impact assessment, to focus on a strong visualisation of results for different stakeholder groups, and to link the results to planning processes and especially funding opportunities.