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"Schneider, J"
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Conflict, negotiation and European Union enlargement
This volume considers why the European Union admits additional states even though current members might lose from their accession.
Book
A national-scale hybrid model for enhanced streamflow estimation – consolidating a physically based hydrological model with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks
Accurate streamflow estimation is essential for effective water resource management and adapting to extreme events in the face of changing climate conditions. Hydrological models have been the conventional approach for streamflow interpolation and extrapolation in time and space for the past few decades. However, their large-scale applications have encountered challenges, including issues related to efficiency, complex parameterization, and constrained performance. Deep learning methods, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, have emerged as a promising and efficient approach for large-scale streamflow estimation. In this study, we have conducted a series of experiments to identify optimal hybrid modeling schemes to consolidate physically based models with LSTM aimed at enhancing streamflow estimation in Denmark. The results show that the hybrid modeling schemes outperformed the Danish National Water Resources Model (DKM) in both gauged and ungauged basins. While the standalone LSTM rainfall–runoff model outperformed DKM in many basins, it faced challenges when predicting the streamflow in groundwater-dependent catchments. A serial hybrid modeling scheme (LSTM-q), which used DKM outputs and climate forcings as dynamic inputs for LSTM training, demonstrated higher performance. LSTM-q improved the mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) by 0.22 in gauged basins and 0.12 in ungauged basins compared to DKM. Similar accuracy improvements were achieved with alternative hybrid schemes, i.e., by predicting the residuals between DKM-simulated streamflow and observations using LSTM. Moreover, the developed hybrid models enhanced the accuracy of extreme events, which encourages the integration of hybrid models within an operational forecasting framework. This study highlights the advantages of synergizing existing physically based hydrological models (PBMs) with LSTM models, and the proposed hybrid schemes hold the potential to achieve high-quality large-scale streamflow estimations.
Journal Article
The responsive union : national elections and European governance
\"The EU faces a serious crisis of democratic legitimacy. Citizens believe that the EU is run by distant and non-responsive political elites. The EU's perceived lack of responsiveness to ordinary citizens poses a threat to its very survival. This timely book presents a comprehensive account of how EU governments signal responsiveness to the interests of their citizens over European policies. Schneider develops and tests a theoretical framework of the intergovernmental dimension of responsive governance in the European Union, using evidence amassed over nearly ten years of multi-method research. The findings show that European cooperation in the Council of the European Union takes place in the shadow of national elections. Governments signal responsiveness to their publics by taking positions that are in the interests of politically relevant voters at the national level, defending these positions throughout negotiations in the Council, and seeking appropriate policy outcomes at the EU level\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
DNA exonuclease Trex1 regulates radiotherapy-induced tumour immunogenicity
Radiotherapy is under investigation for its ability to enhance responses to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms by which radiation induces anti-tumour T cells remain unclear. We show that the DNA exonuclease Trex1 is induced by radiation doses above 12–18 Gy in different cancer cells, and attenuates their immunogenicity by degrading DNA that accumulates in the cytosol upon radiation. Cytosolic DNA stimulates secretion of interferon-β by cancer cells following activation of the DNA sensor cGAS and its downstream effector STING. Repeated irradiation at doses that do not induce Trex1 amplifies interferon-β production, resulting in recruitment and activation of Batf3-dependent dendritic cells. This effect is essential for priming of CD8
+
T cells that mediate systemic tumour rejection (abscopal effect) in the context of immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, Trex1 is an upstream regulator of radiation-driven anti-tumour immunity. Trex1 induction may guide the selection of radiation dose and fractionation in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Trex1 is an exonuclease that degrades cytosolic DNA and has been associated with modulation of interferon responses in autoimmunity and viral infections. Here, the authors show that Trex1 attenuates the immunogenicity of cancer cells treated with high radiation doses by degrading cytosolic DNA and preventing the activation of interferon response.
Journal Article
A Long‐Overlooked Pitfall in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Proper Electrode Balancing
In times of an ever‐increasing demand for portable energy storage systems, post‐lithium‐based battery systems are increasingly coming into the focus of current research. In this realm, zinc–air batteries can be considered a very promising candidate to expand the existing portfolio of lithium‐based rechargeable battery systems due to their high theoretical energy density of 1086 Wh kg−1. Despite a steady increase in research over the past 5 years, a breakthrough in realizing fully electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries has yet to come. This perspective article highlights pitfalls that have probably hampered the development of rechargeable zinc–air batteries over years. This involves a fundamental evaluation of the zinc–air battery system, whereby fallacies of an alleged rechargeability are uncovered. Especially, the electrode balancing of the zinc anode as well as the interface between anode and electrolyte is focused herein. Known phenomena such as morphological changes are re‐evaluated by taking the contrasting battery stresses from shallow discharge to a highly desirable deep discharge into account. Existing challenges are discussed and prospected based on current approaches aiming to shed new light on a fundamental understanding and an opening of new avenues for rechargeability in zinc–air batteries. Despite improving research activities, zinc‐air batteries are still not electrically rechargeable on a technologically relevant level and thus represent a niche technology even after more than 30 years of research and development in the battery sector. Through a critical assessment of the entire battery system, long‐overlooked pitfalls in electrode balancing are discussed and current achievements of zinc‐air batteries are highlighted.
Journal Article
Measurement and laser control of attosecond charge migration in ionized iodoacetylene
The ultrafast motion of electrons and holes after light-matter interaction is fundamental to a broad range of chemical and biophysical processes. We advanced high-harmonic spectroscopy to resolve spatially and temporally the migration of an electron hole immediately after ionization of iodoacetylene while simultaneously demonstrating extensive control over the process. A multidimensional approach, based on the measurement and accurate theoretical description of both even and odd harmonic orders, enabled us to reconstruct both quantum amplitudes and phases of the electronic states with a resolution of ∼100 attoseconds. We separately reconstructed quasi–field-free and laser-controlled charge migration as a function of the spatial orientation of the molecule and determined the shape of the hole created by ionization. Our technique opens the prospect of laser control over electronic primary processes.
Journal Article
The Chicago guide to copyediting fiction
\"Although The Chicago Manual of Style is widely used by writers and editors of all stripes, it is primarily geared toward nonfiction. In this book, Amy J. Schneider--who has copyedited fiction in all genres, from mystery and romance to literary fiction, including many bestsellers--provides a companion to the Manual for those working on fiction. Hers is the first guide designed specifically for this major segment of the editorial community. Schneider highlights and offers advice on issues unique to fiction, such as how to deal with various types of dialogue and when incomplete and ungrammatical sentences are acceptable. She discusses best practices for conscious language issues that are increasingly important to authors, publishers, and readers. She also explains the larger purpose and vastly expanded scope of style sheets in editing fiction, illustrating how to track the details of fictional characters, places, and events to ensure continuity across a work or a series. And she covers workflow and administrative practices that work well for the fiction editing process, based on her own 25 years of experience as a freelancer working for publishers large and small\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A critical role for GM1 ganglioside in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of patients worldwide. While effective symptomatic therapies for PD exist, there is no currently available disease modifying agent to slow or stop the progression of the disease. Many years of research from various laboratories around the world have provided evidence in favor of the potential ability of GM1 ganglioside to be a disease modifying agent for PD. In this paper, information supporting the use of GM1 as a disease modifying therapeutic for PD is reviewed along with information concerning the role that deficiencies in GM1 ganglioside (and potentially other important brain gangliosides) may play in the pathogenesis of PD.
Journal Article