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"Scott, Adam"
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Moderate hypothermia at 29.5 °C in a patient without neurocognitive alterations: a case report
Background
Hypothermia is typically associated with neurocognitive impairment, particularly as core temperature drops. However, cases without such symptoms are rarely reported. This case highlights an unusual presentation of moderate hypothermia without cognitive dysfunction, raising questions about individual variability in clinical manifestations.
Case presentation
A Swiss Caucasian female patient in her early 50s with a known history of psychiatric disorders presented to the emergency department with a core body temperature of 29.5 °C, consistent with moderate hypothermia. Remarkably, she was alert, oriented, and exhibited no signs of neurocognitive impairment, such as confusion, memory loss, or altered mental status. Her vital signs were stable, and laboratory and imaging studies excluded common causes such as infection, intoxication, or endocrine dysfunction. She was treated with passive external rewarming and careful monitoring. Her clinical condition improved steadily, and she was discharged without complications or neurological deficits.
Conclusion
This case demonstrates that moderate hypothermia may, in rare cases, present without neurocognitive alterations. It challenges the conventional association between hypothermia severity and mental status changes and suggests the need for further investigation into the physiological mechanisms behind this variability.
Journal Article
Protein-structure-guided discovery of functional mutations across 19 cancer types
Li Ding, Feng Chen and colleagues report a pan-cancer analysis using a new computational tool, HotSpot3D, to identify mutational hotspots in the encoded three-dimensional protein structure, which suggest their functional involvement in cancer. They use a mutation–drug cluster analysis to predict more than 800 potentially druggable mutations.
Local concentrations of mutations are well known in human cancers. However, their three-dimensional spatial relationships in the encoded protein have yet to be systematically explored. We developed a computational tool, HotSpot3D, to identify such spatial hotspots (clusters) and to interpret the potential function of variants within them. We applied HotSpot3D to >4,400 TCGA tumors across 19 cancer types, discovering >6,000 intra- and intermolecular clusters, some of which showed tumor and/or tissue specificity. In addition, we identified 369 rare mutations in genes including
TP53
,
PTEN
,
VHL
,
EGFR
, and
FBXW7
and 99 medium-recurrence mutations in genes such as
RUNX1
,
MTOR
,
CA3
,
PI3
, and
PTPN11
, all mapping within clusters having potential functional implications. As a proof of concept, we validated our predictions in EGFR using high-throughput phosphorylation data and cell-line-based experimental evaluation. Finally, mutation–drug cluster and network analysis predicted over 800 promising candidates for druggable mutations, raising new possibilities for designing personalized treatments for patients carrying specific mutations.
Journal Article
How pride works
The emotion of pride appears to be a neurocognitive guidance system to capitalize on opportunities to become more highly valued and respected by others. Whereas the inputs and the outputs of pride are relatively well understood, little is known about how the pride system matches inputs to outputs. How does pride work? Here we evaluate the hypothesis that pride magnitude matches the various outputs it controls to the present activating conditions – the precise degree to which others would value the focal individual if the individual achieved a particular achievement. Operating in this manner would allow the pride system to balance the competing demands of effectiveness and economy, to avoid the dual costs of under-deploying and over-deploying its outputs. To test this hypothesis, we measured people's responses regarding each of 25 socially valued traits. We observed the predicted magnitude matchings. The intensities of the pride feeling and of various motivations of pride (communicating the achievement, demanding better treatment, investing in the valued trait and pursuing new challenges) vary in proportion: (a) to one another; and (b) to the degree to which audiences value each achievement. These patterns of magnitude matching were observed both within and between the USA and India. These findings suggest that pride works cost-effectively, promoting the pursuit of achievements and facilitating the gains from others’ valuations that make those achievements worth pursuing.
Journal Article
XO, OX : a love story
\"The hilarious tale of an ox who is in love with a gazelle, told in correspondence\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Are Emotions Natural Kinds After All? Rethinking the Issue of Response Coherence
The synchronized co-activation of multiple responses—motivational, behavioral, and physiological—has been taken as a defining feature of emotion. Such response coherence has been observed inconsistently however, and this has led some to view emotion programs as lacking biological reality. Yet, response coherence is not always expected or desirable if an emotion program is to carry out its adaptive function. Rather, the hallmark of emotion is the capacity to orchestrate multiple mechanisms adaptively—responses will co-activate in stereotypical fashion or not depending on how the emotion orchestrator interacts with the situation. Nevertheless, might responses cohere in the general case where input variables are specified minimally? Here we focus on shame as a case study. We measure participants’ responses regarding each of 27 socially devalued actions and personal characteristics. We observe internal and external coherence: The intensities of felt shame and of various motivations of shame (hiding, lying, destroying evidence, and threatening witnesses) vary in proportion (i) to one another, and (ii) to the degree to which audiences devalue the disgraced individual—the threat shame defends against. These responses cohere both within and between the United States and India. Further, alternative explanations involving the low-level variable of arousal do not seem to account for these results, suggesting that coherence is imparted by a shame system. These findings indicate that coherence can be observed at multiple levels and raise the possibility that emotion programs orchestrate responses, even in those situations where coherence is low.
Journal Article
