Explore the vast range of titles available.

The value of considering health literacy in informing intervention development for diverse populations is well-recognised. People in prison frequently experience vulnerabilities and poor health, making prisons an important health-promoting environment. This study applied the Ophelia (Optimising Health Literacy and Access) process in New South Wales (NSW) prisons in Australia to co-design and prioritise health literacy-informed action ideas (i.e., suggested ideas with the potential to improve the health and equity for individuals or groups of people). In 2024, ideas generation workshops and yarning circles were held across six sites, where participants discussed vignettes and were asked to suggest action ideas to support the persona depicted. Staff then rated identified action ideas on their importance, current implementation and feasibility. Senior leaders then participated in a workshop to prioritise the action ideas. A total of 107 participants (people in prison = 54; staff = 53) discussed 23 diverse vignettes in eighteen ideas generation workshops and three yarning circles. From over one thousand suggestions, 260 action ideas were identified and inductively analysed, resulting in 17 strategies and seven action areas. Sixty-five staff rated the action ideas, informing the prioritisation workshop (attended by 43 senior leaders), where 109 action ideas were prioritised into seven priority areas for intervention development, testing and evaluation. This bottom-up and top-down co-design approach lays a strong foundation for service redesign, quality improvement and future research. Prioritised action ideas will now be developed into interventions and trialled in NSW prisons, which have the potential to improve the equity and well-being of people in prison globally.

IntroductionPrisons present both unique opportunities and challenges for delivering healthcare to individuals who often experience significant vulnerabilities and often have poor health outcomes. Actions and solutions informed by the health literacy strengths and challenges (ie, health literacy-informed interventions) of people in prison offer an opportunity to build fit-for-purpose and effective interventions in this unique context. This study aims to adapt and apply the three-phase Optimising Health Literacy and Access (Ophelia) process in a state-wide prison context to generate codesigned improvements in information, resources and services for people in prison.Methods and analysisHealth Literacy Questionnaire data from 471 people in prison will be analysed using descriptive and cluster analyses (Ophelia Phase 1). Clusters, with qualitative interview data, will then inform vignette development for use in ideas generation workshops and yarning circles with stakeholders to develop health literacy-informed interventions. Selection, prioritisation and testing of identified interventions will be undertaken (Phase 2), followed by implementation and evaluation (Phase 3). This project will advance intervention development in the prison context, enabling the voice of people in prison and service providers to be heard through codesign. The protocol will inform the development and implementation of interventions to systematically improve the delivery of information, services and resources for people in prison, which may be relevant to prison healthcare authorities globally.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to undertake Phase 1 of the Ophelia process has been granted from the following Human Research Ethics Committees: Swinburne University of Technology (Ref: 20236977–15461), Justice Health NSW (Ref: 2022/ETH01433), Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (Ref: 2007/22) and the Corrective Services Ethics Committee (Ref: D2022/1452326). Dissemination of the study findings will be the Justice Health NSW codesign process and ownership of the project through authentic engagement with people with lived experience and health and corrective staff. It will also be disseminated through publication in a PhD thesis, peer-reviewed research papers and conference presentations.

Background Health literacy is an important factor for enabling people to manage their health and live long fulfilling lives. People in prison are frequently from marginalised communities, often out of reach of conventional community based health organisations, and have poorer health outcomes. It is essential to understanding the health literacy profiles of people in prison, and its contribution to the well-established health inequities and outcomes of this population. This study aimed to use a multi-dimensional health literacy measurement tool to describe the strengths and challenges of adults incarcerated in NSW prisons. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted for people in prison across 14 publicly operated metropolitan prisons. Data were collected from 471 participants using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Participant characteristics and health conditions were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Effect sizes (ES) for standardised differences in means were used to describe the magnitude of difference between participant characteristic groups. Results Participants’ median age was 38.0 (range 19 – 91) years. Males comprised 81% of the sample, 21% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, and 53% reported a health problem. People in prison had lower scores for all nine HLQ scales when compared to the general Australian population. Small to medium ES were seen for mean differences between most demographic groups. Compared to males, females had lower scores for several of the HLQ scales including ‘having sufficient information to manage health’ (ES 0.30 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.07, 0.53]), ‘ability to actively engage with health care professionals’ (ES 0.30 [95% CI 0.06, 0.53]), ‘navigating the healthcare system’ (ES 0.30 [95% CI 0.06, 0.53]), and, ‘ability to find good health information’ (ES 0.33 [95% CI 0.10, 0.57]). Differing health literacy scale scores with small to medium ES were found when comparing participants by legal status. Mainly small ES were seen when comparing other participant characteristic groups. Conclusions This study provides insights into the health literacy strengths and challenges for people in NSW prisons. These findings highlight the important role health literacy could have in addressing health disparities in this vulnerable population and can inform prison health services.

This paper aims to foreground some of the main ways in which issues of social welfare and social policy came to occupy centre stage in the Scottish independence debate during recent years, culminating in the September 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It considers how issues relating to social welfare and the future of the welfare state more generally were advanced by the pro-Scottish independence YES camp as key arguments in the overall case for independence. This then disputes suggestions to the contrary that the pro-YES movement was a campaign driven primarily by issues of Scottish nationalism and national identity. Instead issues of social welfare, social justice and the creation of a more equal Scotland dominated.

Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive oncometabolite formed in the context of energy metabolism as a result of high glycolytic flux. Prior clinical evidence has documented GLO1 upregulation in various tumor types including prostate cancer (PCa). However, GLO1 expression has not been explored in the context of PCa progression with a focus on high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a frequent precursor to invasive cancer. Here, we have evaluated GLO1 expression by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor samples from 187 PCa patients (stage 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GLO1 upregulation during tumor progression, observable in HGPIN and PCa versus normal prostatic tissue. GLO1 upregulation was identified as a novel hallmark of HGPIN lesions, displaying the highest staining intensity in all clinical patient specimens. GLO1 expression correlated with intermediate–high risk Gleason grade but not with patient age, biochemical recurrence, or pathological stage. Our data identify upregulated GLO1 expression as a molecular hallmark of HGPIN lesions detectable by immunohistochemical analysis. Since current pathological assessment of HGPIN status solely depends on morphological features, GLO1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker that identifies this precancerous lesion.

Discusses the benefits of using devolved budget models in further education and the tensions that may arise from their introduction. The author's research into caseloading models in further education are the basis of the findings and discussion of the implications of decentralising power for managers and teams. The reasons for the prevailing centralised model of resource management are discussed and the benefits to the organisation, managers and teams of using decentralised, devolved budget models are outlined. The discussion covers areas of resistance and reluctance to the change and the cultural and management style prerequisites for successful implementation of devolved budgets. The view of devolution of control as an empowerment tool for managers and teams is considered and alternative views of the model are highlighted, including the uncomfortable realities it may force upon middle managers.

Drawing on current debates in social policy, this paper considers the extent to which social justice has and is informing social policy making in devolved Scotland. Relating to the work of social justice theorists Young, Fraser and Lister in particular, it critically examines some key Scottish social policy measures since 1999, considering some of the ways in which these have been constructed in terms of social justice and which make claims to the Scottish national. Through a focus on the issue of anti-poverty policies, the paper explores the ways in which the dominant policy approaches of the Scottish Government have reflected an uneven and tension-loaded balance between the enduring legacies of Scottish social democracy and the influences of neoliberal economics.

The student affairs profession has been aware of a high attrition rate for young professionals for over 40 years. Research into the phenomenon previously sought to identify the rate of attrition and factors leading to attrition. There is a gap in the literature regarding how these young professionals come to make the decision to change careers. The purpose of this transcendental-phenomenological study was to understand the experience of student affairs professionals who worked at small colleges and decided to leave the profession after working a period of 1 to 7 years. Maximum variation sampling yielded nine participants, which achieved saturation for the sample. Data were collected through personal interviews and analyzed through transcendental-phenomenological reduction. The findings of this study yielded 14 themes across three research questions. Implications of the data highlight the need for better work-life balance and more institutional support for new student affairs professionals. Recommendations for further research include the need for a better understanding of how student affairs professionals who are Black, indigenous, and people of color experience attrition from the profession, the need for case studies of well-balanced student affairs workplaces, an examination into how career expectations influence career experience and career planning, and further research into the prevalence and effects of secondary trauma on student affairs professionals.