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Wales Says Yes provides the definitive account and analysis of the March 2011 Welsh referendum. Drawing on extensive historical research, the book explains the background to the referendum, why it was held, and what was at stake. The book also explains how the rival Yes and No campaigns emerged, and the varying degree of success with which they functioned. Through a detailed account of the results, and analysis of survey evidence on Welsh voters, the book explains why Wales voted Yes in March 2011. Finally, it considers what that result may mean for the future of both Wales and the UK.

Despite considerable advances in methods to examine leaders' personal characteristics using at-a-distance assessment, few studies have applied such techniques outside of the national level. This study reveals that such approaches can provide analytical leverage for examining executive heads of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). The personal characteristics of six United Nations Secretaries-General and four European Union Commission Presidents were measured via content analysis of their responses to questions. Separately, their behavior in office was measured via historical accounts and analyses. In general, executive heads with higher expansionist leadership style scores displayed a greater willingness to try to enhance the status of their organizations.

How does a legislature's influence over policy outputs affect its members' behavior? This paper examines this question, a question that has been neglected in the legislative literature. Using an unusual natural experiment in the European Parliament (EP), I investigate whether greater policy influence leads legislators to participate more in parliamentary votes. In addition to the impact of other variables—including the timing of votes, leadership cues, and the requirement that an absolute majority of members vote at certain stages—EP members are stimulated to participate more in votes on legislation where the EP's influence is greater. The implications of this result for legislative theory, and for our understanding of the EP, are discussed in the conclusion.

Climate change poses one of the biggest challenges facing humankind. The European Union (EU) has developed into a leader in international climate change politics although it was originally set up as a ‘leaderless Europe’ in which decision-making powers are spread amongst EU institutional, member state and societal actors. The central aim of this book, which is written by leading experts in the field, is to explain what kind of leadership has been offered by EU institutional, member state and societal actors. Although leadership is the overarching theme of the book, all chapters also address ecological modernisation, policy instruments, and multi-level governance as additional main themes. The book chapters focus on the Commission, European Parliament, European Council and Council of Ministers as well as member states (Britain, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain) and societal actors (businesses and environmental NGOs). Additional chapters analyse the EU as a global actor and the climate change policies of America and China and how they have responded to the EU’s ambitions. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of environmental politics, EU politics, comparative politics and international relations as well as to practitioners who deal with EU and/or climate change issues. 1. Introduction: European Union Political Leadership in International Climate Change Politics, Rüdiger K.W. Wurzel and James Connelly 2. The European Union as a Global Environmental Policy Actor: Climate Change, John Vogler 3. The Role of the Commission of the European Union – Creating External Coherence From Internal Diversity, Pamela M. Barnes 4. The European Parliament and Climate Change: From Symbolism to Heroism and Back Again, Charlotte Burns and Neil Carter 5. The Council, the European Council and International Climate Policy: From Symbolic Leadership to Leadership by Example, Sebastian Oberthür and Claire Dupont 6. The United Kingdom: A Paradoxical Leader, Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 7. France’s Troubled Bids to Climate Leadership, Joseph Szarka 8. German Climate Change Policy: Political and Economic Leadership, Martin Jänicke 9. The Netherlands: a Case of ‘Cost-Free’ Leadership, Duncan Liefferink and Kathrin Birkel 10. Poland’s Climate Change Policy Struggle: Greening the East? Karolina Jankowska 11. Spanish, EU and International Climate Change Policies: Download, Catch Up, and Curb Down, Oriol Costa 12. Business: The Elephant in the Room? Wyn Grant 13. Environmental NGOs: Taking a Lead? Rüdiger K.W. Wurzel and James Connelly 14. A Green New Deal: Framing U.S. Climate Leadership, Guri Bang and Miranda A. Schreurs 15. Towards a New World Order of Climate Change: China and the European Union’s Leadership Ambition Xiudian Dai and Zhiping Diao 16 . Conclusion: The European Union’s Leadership Role in International Climate Change Politics Reassessed Rüdiger K.W. Wurzel and James Connelly 'T his book gives a very good insight into the main actors, the interests and objectives in EU climate change policies. The different chapters cover those aspects in depth and remain at the same time enjoyable to read.' - Thomas Hörber, International Affairs, Vol. 88, 5, September 2012 'The clear and thorough analysis of the different facets of internal and external EU climate policy by leading scholars provides a much needed insight into the still unexplored domain of climate diplomacy.' - Anatole Boute, Climate Law 2 (2011), 139 'Written and structured in a very comprehensive manner, this title successfully combines a clear-cut analytical framework with empirically rich chapters to become an indispensable guide for students and academics, as well as practitioners interested in EU climate change politics. All in all, this book offers a very complete picture of the way in which multi-level dynamics have influenced the EU's climate change policies and, as the editors conclude, the way in which the EU still looks for the best mix of different types and styles of leadership.' Israel Solorio, JCMS (2012) Volume 50. Number 1. Rüdiger Wurzel is Professor in Comparative European Politics and Jean Monnet Chair in European Union Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Hull where he is director of the Centre for European Union Studies (CEUS). James Connelly is Professor of Politics at the University of Hull and is the Director of the Institute of Applied Ethics.

Who is really making EU laws and regulations? Formally, and according to most popular accounts, responsibility lies with European politicians who are directly elected (MEPs) or indirectly accountable to elected bodies at the European or national level (council). In practice, however, as this book shows, things can be very different. The real makers of European legislation and rules are frequently unelected and far from the public gaze. This book describes and evaluates the role of many such unseen lawmakers, including commission officials, experts from national governments and companies, lobbyists, secretaries of the council and others.

Who is really making EU laws and regulations? Formally, and according to most popular accounts, responsibility lies with European politicians who are directly elected (MEPs) or indirectly accountable to elected bodies at the European or national level (council). In practice, however, as this book shows, things can be very different. The real makers of European legislation and rules are frequently unelected and far from the public gaze. This book describes and evaluates the role of many such unseen lawmakers, including commission officials, experts from national governments and companies, lobbyists, secretaries of the council and others.

A study investigates the dynamics of free vote reversals on the issues of capital punishment and the televising of the proceedings of the British House of Commons.

Culture is one of the most complex and contested fields of European integration. This book analyzes EU cultural politics since their emergence in the 1980s with a particular focus on the European Capital of Culture program, the flagship of EU cultural policy. It discusses both the central as well as local levels and contextualizes EU policies with programmes of other European organisations, such as the Council of Europe. By asking what \"Europe\" actually means for European cultural policy, the book goes beyond the confines of official organizations and the political sphere, to discuss the contribution, impact and appropriation among a more diverse group of actors and participants, such as transnational experts, local bureaucrats, cultural managers, urban dwellers and the visitors. Its principal aim is to debunk the myth of Brussels as the centre of cultural Europeanization. Instead, it argues that European cultural policy has to be seen as a relational, multi-directional movement, involving a wide variety of stakeholders and leading to conflicts and collaborations at various levels. This book combines the perspectives of political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists and historians, at the intersection between EU, urban, and cultural studies, and changes our understanding of 'Europeanization' by opening up new empirical and conceptual avenues. Challenging the dominant interpretation of European cultural policies, The Cultural Politics of Europe will be of interest to students and scholars of European studies, political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, geographers, historians and cultural studies.

In this article we examine the impact of devolution on electoral politics in Scotland and Wales. After reviewing the electoral history of the two territories, we set out the result for the 1999 and 2003 devolved elections, noting the substantial differences between voting patterns in these elections from those for the UK parliament. We then go on to consider the main reasons why voting patterns differ across the two types of poll. The paper concludes by summarizing the main findings and then considering both the implications of the findings for future devolved elections and the potential contribution of the study of such elections to broader theories of voting behavior.