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Although previous research on emotion recognition ability (ERA) has found consistent evidence for a female advantage, the explanation for this sex difference remains incompletely understood. This study compared males and females on four emotion recognition tasks, using a community sample of 379 adults drawn from two regions of the United States (stratified with respect to age, sex, and socioeconomic status). Participants also completed the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), a measure of trait emotional awareness (EA) thought to primarily reflect individual differences in emotion concept learning. We observed that individual differences in LEAS scores mediated the relationship between sex and ERA; in addition, we observed that ERA distributions were noticeably non-normal, and that—similar to findings with other cognitive performance measures—males had more variability in ERA than females. These results further characterize sex differences in ERA and suggest that these differences may be explained by differences in EA—a trait variable linked primarily to early learning.

Fatigue is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by people with cancer receiving radiation therapy. The goal of this study is to evaluate clinical predictors of worsening fatigue during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Thirty-five men with non-metastatic prostate cancer scheduled for EBRT were followed at baseline, midpoint, and completion of EBRT. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue scale was administered. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by chart review. Paired t-tests, correlations, general linear models, and logistic regressions were used to determine associations between fatigue scores and clinical data. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were highly intercorrelated and, therefore, were grouped as one composite variable termed heme. Heme levels at baseline and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were significantly correlated with worsening of fatigue symptoms from baseline to midpoint and endpoint. ADT alone did not have a significant correlation with fatigue, but it indirectly affected fatigue levels by influencing heme markers as treatment progressed. These findings provide evidence that hematologic markers and the use of ADT assist in predicting radiation therapy-related fatigue and guide symptom management.

The Smoking Hazards Scale (SHS) is a 12-item questionnaire with four scales designed to assess respondent perceptions of obvious health risks due to smoking, subtle health risks due to smoking, health risks not associated with smoking, and risks for stressful life events. The SHS focuses on risk perceptions for objective consequences and can be used to test causal pathways in behavioral treatment programs for smoking cessation. Reliability and validity information are presented from a sample of 215 smokers in the precontemplative and contemplative stages of change. While these smokers see themselves at an increased risk for the obvious health risks due to smoking, they are unaware of the subtle risks of smoking.

The immediate benefits of research experiences for undergraduates have been documented. However, little has appeared about the long-term impacts of these experiences on participants' career trajectories and their level of career satisfaction. In addition, many studies of undergraduate research lack a comparison group. This article reports a comparison of results from a survey of participants in the University of Arizona (UA) Undergraduate Biology Research Program (UBRP) with those of a comparable group drawn from the UA College of Medicine who did not participate in UBRP. Findings indicate that exposure to undergraduate research clarifies career paths and demonstrates to many students that they have an aptitude for scientific research that has a strong effect on their professional development. Participation in research for many who pursue medical careers tends to be \"instrumental\" in that it is seen as a means of becoming a more competitive medical school applicant. Both the UBRP group and the College of Medicine group indicated that mentors were key to determining and achieving their professional success. Response rates suggest that an organized undergraduate research program fosters a feeling of community and engenders an enduring sense of loyalty within a large institution.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a relatively new manufacturing process in additive manufacturing (commonly referred to as 3D printing). The process uses a laser sintering technique to build metal parts layer by layer by using the raw material in a powder form. A high intensity laser is used to melt each layer of the metal powder and attach it to the rest of the part. This process is a significant enhancement of additive manufacturing processes since it can be used to manufacture production parts, not just rapid prototypes for visual or educational use. The goal of this research has been to determine the main distinctions between parts made by SLM and parts made by conventional manufacturing processes such as rolling or forging. Specifically, dynamic response and dynamic properties have been compared in this research. Properties such as tensile strength, hardness, natural modes etc. have also been investigated. The dynamic properties have been compared by using simple geometries such as beam structures and relatively complex geometries such as small turbine wheels. A laser vibrometer and a tensile tester have been used to perform all the testing for dynamic and static characterization. Test results have provided a comprehensive understanding of the structural properties of parts made by the SLM process. Test results have also provided some insight into the influence of process parameters on the dynamic properties of the parts manufactured by SLM. The overarching aim of this research has been to determine whether parts manufactured by this new additive manufacturing technique are comparable to conventionally manufactured parts. Results indicate that the static properties (tensile strength, yield strength, etc.) of parts manufactured by SLM are statistically similar to other parts. Also, static properties are not seen to vary significantly with the choice of parameters associated with the SLM process. However, it is observed that the damping ratios corresponding to the bending modes are higher for parts made by SLM, regardless of process parameters. It is also observed that natural frequencies corresponding to the bending modes decrease while natural frequencies corresponding to the torsional modes increase. Furthermore, parameters such as layer thickness and number of scans are seen to significantly influence the natural frequency. These observations indicate that the fatigue life of parts made by SLM can vary significantly. Therefore, the choice of process parameters needs to be investigated further, and it may be necessary to make modifications to the geometry of a part.

Integrative medicine (IM) is a clinical paradigm of whole person healthcare that combines appropriate conventional and complementary medicine (CM) treatments. Studies of integrative healthcare systems and theory-driven evaluations of IM practice models need to be undertaken. Two health services research methods can strengthen the validity of IM healthcare studies, practice theory, and fidelity evaluation. The University of Arizona Integrative Health Center (UAIHC) is a membership-supported integrative primary care clinic in Phoenix, AZ. A comparative effectiveness evaluation is being conducted to assess its clinical and cost outcomes. A process evaluation of the clinic’s practice theory components assesses model fidelity for four purposes: (1) as a measure of intervention integrity to determine whether the practice model was delivered as intended; (2) to describe an integrative primary care clinic model as it is being developed and refined; (3) as potential covariates in the outcomes analyses, to assist in interpretation of findings, and for external validity and replication; and (4) to provide feedback for needed corrections and improvements of clinic operations over time. This paper provides a rationale for the use of practice theory and fidelity evaluation in studies of integrative practices and describes the approach and protocol used in fidelity evaluation of the UAIHC.

Objective. Bilingual and bicultural occupational health and safety interventions for Hispanic farmworkers are extremely rare and, because of language barriers and cultural differences, issues important to their health and safety on the job remain unaddressed. We designed, conducted, and assessed the first bilingual occupational health and safety education program for farmworkers attending High School Equivalency Programs (HEPs). Methods. We took an interdisciplinary participatory approach by integrating educators and researchers with a community advisory board to guide development, evaluation, and implementation of Work Safely—Trabaje con Cuidado Curriculum (Curriculum), a bilingual occupational health and safety curriculum. We created a quasi-experimental design using mixed-method evaluation (quantitative and qualitative elements) via pre- and posttest comparisons, follow-up surveys, and focus groups assessing the Curriculum effect on knowledge, safety risk perception (SRP), and safety behavior. Focus groups and follow-up surveys reflected success and acceptance of the Curriculum among participating farmworkers under the study's logic model. Results. Completion of the Curriculum resulted in statistically significant improvements in the combined score of knowledge and SRP at the posttest (p=0.001) and follow-up survey (p=0.02) in the intervention group. After completing this study, the Curriculum was permanently adopted by the two high school equivalency sites involved. Conclusion. The participatory approach resulted in integration of community and applied research partnership. The potential to expand use of this Curriculum by other HEP sites can further assess effectiveness and external validity among underserved minority groups.