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In this study, \"Real-Time Information Access in Urban Environments: A User Interaction Study Using the Real-Time Information Test,\" participant data revealed a diverse group with an average age of 31, a balanced gender distribution, varying education levels (40% Bachelor's, 20% Master's, 40% PhD), and an average of 6 years of experience with urban navigation. The findings of the Real-Time Information Test (RTIT) showed an average job completion time of 140 seconds and a low average error count of 1.2, demonstrating competency in interacting with real-time information systems. Furthermore, the User Satisfaction Survey found an average of 8.4 overall satisfaction ratings, 8.4 user-friendliness ratings, and 7.8 information accuracy ratings, indicating excellent user experiences. These results highlight user variety, increases in job efficiency and accuracy, and high user satisfaction, all of which contribute to a comprehensive knowledge of real-time information access in urban contexts, with implications for system advancements and urban planning.

Purpose This paper aims to depict the erosion performance of two HVOF-coated micron layers (Colmonoy-88 and Stellite-6) on pump impeller steel (SS-410) by using Taguchi's method. Taguchi's array (L16) was used to optimize the erosion wear (in terms of weight loss) by using four influencing parameters such as rotational speed, solid concentration, average particle size and time which were varied at four different levels. Design/methodology/approach The experiments were carried out by using a Ducom slurry tester with rotational speed in the range of 750-1,500 rpm, solid concentration of 35-65 per cent by weight, time period of 75-210 min and average particle sizes in the range of < 53 to 250 µm. Bottom Ash with a nominal size range of < 53 to 250 µm was used as erodent. The process parameters were optimized by using Taguchi's method. The ANOVA method was used to validate the results given by Taguchi's method. Findings The results revealed that the presence of both carbides and borides and the additional presence of Cr in Colmonoy-88 coating enhancing the slurry erosion resistance of Colmonoy-88 coating. Moreover, the chromium and tungsten carbide particles help in increasing the bond strength between the coating and the substrate material. Further, it was also found that the time was the most dominant factor as compared to other factors. Originality/value The very less work has been reported on optimization of erosion wear response of Colmonoy-88 and Stellite-6 coatings by using different design of experiment techniques. Further, the erosion wear mechanism of both coatings has been studied by using image j analysis software.

High efficiency and low efficiency were observed by using porous burner technology for commercial cooking. The whole research consists of survey of these three types of burners. Like burners diameter having convergent 100mm, straight 100mm and80mm divergent shape burner. LPG is the fuel i.e. liquid petroleum gas is used in the all experiment. The two zones combustion and preheating zones comprise by a porous burner. Preheating zone having steel balls of width 6.5mm where combustion zone has Sic matric of 10ppi was used. 150mm is the constant altitude of three burners comprise of combustion zone and having equivalence ratio from 0.10-0.60. The range at which burner was operated 79% is the maximum efficiency analyzed for porous burner having dimensions like 100mm diameter at power equal to 0.84 kW and equivalence ratio (Φ) equal to 0.49.

The current experimental study performed the overall performance of the microchannel heat sink using the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop for three novel manifold configurations. These selected manifolds have a rectangular (R), rectangle with semicircular (RSC) and divergent–convergent (DC) shapes for inlet and outlet. The heat transfer coefficient for all three types of microchannel was reported for the Reynolds number range of 342–857. The experiments were tested at four different heat inputs ranges between 50–125 W. R-type microchannel heat sink showed the worst performance, while the performance of DC-type microchannel heat sinks was the best. At Re of 342, the lowest Nusselt number was observed to be 2.8 at lower Reynolds number 342 for R-type manifold. RSC manifolds MCHS seems to be a better choice compared to R-type and DC-type MCHS with respect to pressure drop and Nusselt number. Compared to R-type microchannel heat sink, 24–32% and 7–10% augmentation in heat transfer coefficients were reported for DC-type and RSC-type microchannel heat sinks, respectively. Based on the released experimental results, it can be stated that DC-type microchannel heat sink is more beneficial in terms of heat transfer enhancement.

In the present work we propose \"nanofluid filled enclosures\" as potential photo-thermal energy conversion and sensible heat storage devices. Herein, the optical charging of the nanofluid has been modeled as \"solar radiant energy - nanoparticles\" interaction. The subsequent energy redistribution has been modeled as coupled transport phenomena involving mass, momentum and energy transport. In particular, nanofluid filled enclosure with adiabatic, and isothermal (through convective) boundaries have been analyzed to decipher the fundamental limits of sensible heat storage and thermal discharging capacities respectively. Furthermore, the effect of nanoparticles volume fraction on the photo-thermal energy conversion mechanisms and its redistribution thereof has been critically investigated. Detailed analysis reveals that under similar operating conditions, in volumetric absorption mode (i.e., at low nanoparticles volume fraction) nanofluid filled enclosure has higher sensible heat storage (7% - 27% higher) and thermal discharging (16% - 47% higher) capacities than in the corresponding surface absorption mode (i.e., at high nanoparticles volume fraction). Overall, \"nanofluid filled enclosures\", particularly in volumetric absorption mode, could be deployed for efficient solar thermal conversion and storage.

Radiation driven transport mechanisms are ubiquitous in many natural flows and industrial processes. To mimic and to better understand these processes, recently, radiatively heated nanofluid filled enclosures have been extensively researched. The present work is essentially a determining step in quantifying and understanding the transport mechanisms involved in such enclosures. In particular, a two dimensional square nanofluid filled enclosure irradiated from the bottom has been investigated in laminar flow situation. Effects of nanofluid optical depth, inclination angle of the enclosure, incident flux, and boundary conditions (adiabatic and isothermal) have been investigated. Moreover, the temperature and flow fields have been carefully analyzed in the situation ranging from volumetric to mixed to surface absorption modes. Under adiabatic boundary conditions, steady state is unconditionally achieved irrespective of the incident flux magnitude (varied between 5Wm-2 to 50Wm-2), enclosure inclination angle (varied between 0 to 60 degrees) and mode of absorption (surface, mixed or volumetric). However, in case of isothermal boundaries; onset of natural convection and its transition into transient regime is significantly impacted by the mode of absorption and the enclosure inclination angle.

Purpose This paper aims to optimize the erosion wear analysis of slurry impeller material. Stainless steel (SS-410) was used as the pump impeller material. This erosion test was established to influence the rotational speed, solid concentration, time period and particle size. Fly ash was used as the erodent material. Design/methodology/approach The erosion wear experiments were performed at different particle size, rotational speed, time duration and solid concentration (by weight). These tests were performed at four different speeds of 750, 1,000, 1,250 and 1,500 rpm, and the time durations of these experiments are 75, 120,165 and 210 min. For protective coating, high-velocity oxygen-fuel spray process was used for depositing WC-10Co-4Cr coating on stainless steel. To investigate the influence of controlled process parameters on slurry erosion wear of pump impeller material, Taguchi method was used. Findings Results show that significant improvement in erosion wear resistance has been observed by using WC-10Co-4Cr coating. The process parameters affecting the erosion wear loss were in following order: time > rpm > concentration > particle size. The means of signal-to-noise ratio of stainless steel SS410 with and without coating vary from 93.56 to 54.02 and from 86.02 to 48.18, respectively. Originality/value For the erosion wear rate of both uncoated and coated stainless steel, the most powerful influencing factor was identified as time. The erosion test reveals that the coating exhibits ductile erosion mechanism and shows better erosion wear resistance (approximately two times) compared to uncoated stainless steel.

In this study, the experimental analysis was performed on the shell-and-tube type heat exchanger containing segmental baffles at different orientations. In the current work, three angular orientations (θ) 0°, 30°, and 60° of the baffles were analyzed for laminar flow having the Reynolds number range 303–1516. It was observed that, with increase of Reynolds number from 303 to 1516, there was a 94.8% increase in Nusselt number and 282.9% increase in pressure drop. Due to increase of Reynolds number from 303 to 1516, there is a decrease in nondimensional temperature factor for cold water (ω) by 57.7% and hot water (ξ) by 57.1%, respectively.