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Attack of the dragons
While on a quest for a cure for the ailing village cook, Geronimo Stiltonord ends up snout-to-snout with terrifying dragons.le fiction.
Half Landau–Zener ramp to a quantum phase transition in a dissipative single spin model
We study the dynamics of a single spin coupled to a bosonic bath at zero temperature driven by a ramp of the bias field. A single spin coupled to a bosonic sub-Ohmic bath exhibits a quantum phase transition at a certain strength of spin-boson coupling. When the bias field is ramped from a large value to zero at this critical coupling strength, the system initialized at the ground state ends up with a finite magnetization due to the critical slowing down near the transition. On the basis of the pulse-impulse approximation, we derive a scaling law between the residual magnetization and the ramp speed. The obtained scaling relation is examined using a numerical simulation based on the tensor network. The data are in favor of the scaling law to hold. We discuss the demonstration of our theoretical results by means of quantum simulation using the quantum annealer.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Help, I'm in hot lava !
Geronimo Stilton's ancient ancestor Geronimo Stiltonoot is back in another prehistoric adventure. Geronimo Stiltonoot and his family are off to find a cure for Grandma Ratrock's aches and pains. She's heard that a remedy hides in a legendary valley, and Geronimo isn't even sure it exists. Little does he know that getting there will be an adventure among geysers, volcanoes, and rivers of molten lava.
CHILDBOOK
Natural History of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The outbreak on the cruise ship
Diamond Princess
led to the identification of 96 persons who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 but were asymptomatic. This report describes their course during isolation, with close observation and serial tests for the virus.
Journal Article
Hayabusa2 Mission Overview
The
Hayabusa2
mission journeys to C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999 JU
3
) to observe and explore the 900 m-sized object, as well as return samples collected from the surface layer. The
Haybusa2
spacecraft developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was successfully launched on December 3, 2014 by an H-IIA launch vehicle and performed an Earth swing-by on December 3, 2015 to set it on a course toward its target Ryugu.
Hayabusa2
aims at increasing our knowledge of the early history and transfer processes of the solar system through deciphering memories recorded on Ryugu, especially about the origin of water and organic materials transferred to the Earth’s region.
Hayabusa2
carries four remote-sensing instruments, a telescopic optical camera with seven colors (ONC-T), a laser altimeter (LIDAR), a near-infrared spectrometer covering the 3-μm absorption band (NIRS3), and a thermal infrared imager (TIR). It also has three small rovers of MINERVA-II and a small lander MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR) in cooperation with French space agency CNES. MASCOT has a wide angle imager (MasCam), a 6-band thermal radiator (MARA), a 3-axis magnetometer (MasMag), and a hyperspectral infrared microscope (MicrOmega). Further,
Hayabusa2
has a sampling device (SMP), and impact experiment devices which consist of a small carry-on impactor (SCI) and a deployable camera (DCAM3). The interdisciplinary research using the data from these onboard and lander’s instruments and the analyses of returned samples are the key to success of the mission.
Journal Article
Altmetrics: an analysis of the state-of-the-art in measuring research impact on social media
Altmetrics is an emergent research area whereby social media is applied as a source of metrics to assess scholarly impact. In the last few years, the interest in altmetrics has grown, giving rise to many questions regarding their potential benefits and challenges. This paper aims to address some of these questions. First, we provide an overview of the altmetrics landscape, comparing tool features, social media data sources, and social media events provided by altmetric aggregators. Second, we conduct a systematic review of the altmetrics literature. A total of 172 articles were analysed, revealing a steady rise in altmetrics research since 2011. Third, we analyse the results of over 80 studies from the altmetrics literature on two major research topics: cross-metric validation and coverage of altmetrics. An aggregated percentage coverage across studies on 11 data sources shows that Mendeley has the highest coverage of about 59 % across 15 studies. A meta-analysis across more than 40 cross-metric validation studies shows overall a weak correlation (ranging from 0.08 to 0.5) between altmetrics and citation counts, confirming that altmetrics do indeed measure a different kind of research impact, thus acting as a complement rather than a substitute to traditional metrics. Finally, we highlight open challenges and issues facing altmetrics and discuss future research areas.
Journal Article
Delineating copy number and clonal substructure in human tumors from single-cell transcriptomes
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis is widely used to study human tumors. However, it remains challenging to distinguish normal cell types in the tumor microenvironment from malignant cells and to resolve clonal substructure within the tumor. To address these challenges, we developed an integrative Bayesian segmentation approach called copy number karyotyping of aneuploid tumors (CopyKAT) to estimate genomic copy number profiles at an average genomic resolution of 5 Mb from read depth in high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We applied CopyKAT to analyze 46,501 single cells from 21 tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma and glioblastoma, to accurately (98%) distinguish cancer cells from normal cell types. In three breast tumors, CopyKAT resolved clonal subpopulations that differed in the expression of cancer genes, such as
KRAS
, and signatures, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, DNA repair, apoptosis and hypoxia. These data show that CopyKAT can aid in the analysis of scRNA-seq data in a variety of solid human tumors.
Clonal subpopulations in human tumors are identified from single-cell RNA-seq data.
Journal Article
The Physiological Importance of Bile Acid Structure and Composition on Glucose Homeostasis
Purpose of ReviewStudies have identified several effects of bile acids (BAs) in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and body weight control, through receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. BAs are produced from cholesterol and characterized by their structures, which result from enzymes in the liver and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to characterize the effects of BA structure and composition on diabetes.Recent FindingsThe hydroxyl groups of BAs interact with binding pockets of receptors and enzymes that affect glucose homeostasis. Human and animal studies show that BA composition is associated with insulin resistance and food intake regulation.SummaryThe hydroxylation of BAs and BA composition contributes to glucose regulation. Modulation of BA composition has the potential to improve glucose metabolism.
Journal Article
2987 Significance of Small Intestine Search in Dysphagia of Elderly People
INTRODUCTION:Patients suspected of having small bowel disease tend to increase, and even in the elderly, it is often necessary to perform small bowel examination. However, elderly people often have dysphagia and may not be able to perform capsule endoscopy (CE) examination. The use of an advanced capsule endoscope insertion aid and an overtube was used to examine the usefulness of small intestine examination in elderly people with difficult swallowing.METHODS:In this study, patients aged 75 years and older who required small-bowel examination were treated as patients with dysphagia who required device as group A and patients who did not use as group B. We compared clinical data and retrospectively examined the usefulness of CE in elderly people with dysphagia. From July 2015 to April 2019, our hospital performed CE were 273 cases, 247 patients, elderly people over the age of 75 were 154 cases, 139 patients. Group A: 21 cases, 21 patients. Group B: 133 cases, 118 patients.RESULTS:Gender differences are male/female, A group 9/12, B group 62/71. The average age was 85.8 years for A group and 82.3 years for B group (P = 0.0018). Stomach transit time (min): A group average 64.9, B group average 53.9, small intestine transit time (min): A group average 350.4, B group average 349.9. In blood examination, RBC (× 104/μl): A group average 314.8, B group average 331.2, Hgb (g/dl): A group average 9.24, B group average 9.74, Alb (g/dl): A group average 3.08, B group average 3.43 (P = 0.0156), Cre (mg/dl): A group average 1.77, B group average 1.14 (P = 0.0060). Anticoagulant medications were 14 in A group (66.7%) and 74 in B group (55.6%). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): A group 11.1, B group 22.0 (P < 0.0001). In OGIB for inspection purposes, 17 cases were A group (80.9%) and 100 cases were B group (75.2%). The incidence rate was 11 in A group (52.4%) and 78 in B group (58.6%) (P = 0.5890).CONCLUSION:In elderly patients who require small-bowel examination, it was possible to obtain the same finding rate as subjects who can swallow it, using a CE insertion aid together.
Journal Article
Association between age at menarche and risk of myopia in the United States: NHANES 1999–2008
We evaluate the effect of menarche on myopia in women in the United States (US). A cross-sectional survey and examination were conducted using data from the 1999–2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 8,706 women aged ≥20 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.23 to 45.37) were enrolled. Characteristics were compared between nonmyopic and myopic participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for myopia. A minimum p-value approach was used to estimate the cut-off point for age at menarche. The prevalence of myopia was 32.96%. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) were -0.81 diopters (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.73) and the mean age of menarche was 12.67 years (95% CI, 12.62 to 12.72). In the crude logistic regression model, age (odd ratio [OR] 0.98), height (OR, 1.02), astigmatism (OR, 1.57) (all p < 0.0001), age at menarche (OR, 0.95; p = 0.0005), white ethnicity, being born in the US, higher level of education, and higher annual household income (all p trend <0.0001) were significantly associated with myopia. 1-year increments in age at menarche was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of myopia after adjusting for age, height, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and astigmatism (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99, p = 0.0288). The cut-off value for age at menarche was 15 years by the maximum chi-square test (p < 0.0001). Age at menarche may attribute to myopia progression, along with other environmental and individual risk factors.
Journal Article