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Radiology is a demanding career that requires a thorough understanding of evolving knowledge in both medical imaging and technology. Competing interests such as—familial obligations, clinical practice, committee meetings, and research projects—often leave little time for self-care and regular review of current medical literature. Healthy habits can be difficult to maintain, but micro-habits are more manageable and their benefits compound over time. Based on the book, Atomic Habits by James Clear, we discuss a micro-habit toolkit which includes: a two-minute rule, habit-stacking, environmental cues, task prioritization/automatization, habit tracking, and accountability. We offer practical suggestions for radiologists to incorporate this toolkit into their daily lives to become healthy life-long learners.

The reporting of incidental pancreatic cystic lesions on cross-sectional imaging studies has dramatically increased over the last few years. The prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population, however, is unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of incidentally detected pancreatic cysts in the adult population undergoing abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging examinations of 616 consecutive patients obtained between January 2001 and February 2002 were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists and the following information was recorded: the total number of pancreatic cysts; the maximum diameter, location, and characteristics of the largest cyst; documentation of the cyst(s) within the radiology report; and characteristics of the cyst(s) at imaging follow-up. Incidental pancreatic cysts were present in 13.5% (83/616) of patients, with 60% of the cysts being solitary, and 88% of the cysts being simple. Largest cyst mean and median diameters were 7.4 mm (2-24 mm) and 6 mm, respectively. Both the prevalence of pancreatic cysts and the mean size of the largest cyst increased with age (P=0.007, r=0.893 and P=0.003, r=0.929, respectively). Only 31% (26/83) of incidental pancreatic cysts were documented in the radiology report. The mean size of reported pancreatic cysts was larger than those cysts that were not reported (P<0.001). The prevalence of incidentally detected pancreatic cysts on MR imaging is 13.5%, and increases with age. A majority of these cysts are not reported on MR imaging studies.

Many national radiology societies are recognizing the need for early career and trainee engagement as crucial to keeping their societies relevant, active, and invigorated with new ideas. In this descriptive paper, we review the benefits of establishing the Society of Abdominal Radiology’s Resident and Fellow Section and Early Career Committee—including our activities and experience, advice for committee structure, and opportunities for growth.

Female urethral pathology can be challenging to diagnose clinically due to non-specific symptoms. High-resolution MRI has become a powerful tool in the diagnosis of urethral lesions and staging of malignancy. Additionally, dynamic MRI, fluoroscopy or ultrasound can evaluate for pelvic floor prolapse and the effectiveness of surgical interventions. This article will review the imaging features of common benign and malignant conditions of the female urethra including diverticula, benign cystic and solid lesions, malignancy, surgical slings, and injection of bulking agents.

Gastrointestinal malignancies, though uncommon in pregnancy, present several unique challenges with regards to diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Imaging the pregnant patient with a suspected or confirmed GI malignancy requires modifications to the radiologic modality of choice and protocol in order to minimize harm to the fetus, ensure accuracy in diagnosis and staging and guide treatment decisions. In this review article, we discuss the imaging approach to the pregnant patient with GI cancer, including safe radiologic modalities and modifications to imaging protocols. We also review the most common GI cancers encountered in pregnancy, including colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, and small bowel tumors, with emphasis to imaging findings, staging, and treatment considerations.

We digitized the radiography teaching file at Black Lion Hospital (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) during a recent trip, using a standard digital camera and a fluorescent light box. Our goal was to photograph every radiograph in the existing library while optimizing the final image size to the maximum resolution of a high quality tablet computer, preserving the contrast resolution of the radiographs, and minimizing total library file size. A secondary important goal was to minimize the cost and time required to take and process the images. Three workers were able to efficiently remove the radiographs from their storage folders, hang them on the light box, operate the camera, catalog the image, and repack the radiographs back to the storage folder. Zoom, focal length, and film speed were fixed, while aperture and shutter speed were manually adjusted for each image, allowing for efficiency and flexibility in image acquisition. Keeping zoom and focal length fixed, which kept the view box at the same relative position in all of the images acquired during a single photography session, allowed unused space to be batch-cropped, saving considerable time in post-processing, at the expense of final image resolution. We present an analysis of the trade-offs in workflow efficiency and final image quality, and demonstrate that a few people with minimal equipment can efficiently digitize a teaching file library.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic implications of the MRI appearance and pathological features of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). Methods A total of 128 pRCC in 115 patients who underwent preoperative MRI were characterised in terms of pathological type (type 1 vs. type 2), MRI appearance (focal vs. infiltrative) and additional MRI features. Patients were classified on the basis of the presence or absence of metastatic disease. Results There were 65 focal type 1, 54 focal type 2 and 9 infiltrative pRCC. All infiltrative pRCC were of histopathological type 2. Renal vein thrombus was present in 89 % of infiltrative pRCC and no cases of focal pRCC. Metastatic disease was observed in 3.7 % of focal type 1, 7.5 % of focal type 2 and 75.0 % of infiltrative type 2 pRCC. Infiltrative MRI appearance was a significant predictor of metastatic disease, independent of pathological type, size and T stage ( P  ≤ 0.020). Among focal pRCC on MRI, pathological type 2 was not a significant predictor of metastatic disease ( P  = 0.648). No combination of features achieved significantly greater accuracy for predicting metastatic disease than renal vein thrombus alone ( P  > 0.5). Conclusion Infiltrative MRI appearance and renal vein thrombus identify a subset of pathological type 2 pRCC at a significantly increased risk of metastatic disease. Key Points • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers new preoperative insights into renal cell carcinoma (RCC). • Certain MRI features are associated with metastatic papillary RCC. • Metastases seem more common given an infiltrative appearance and renal vein thrombus.

ObjectivesThe Government of India launched the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) to expand access to affordable generics through private retail outlets named as Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs). This study examines the association of PMBJP with out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment rate (IR) attributable to medicines.DesignA cross-sectional observational study was conducted across nine Indian states in 2022–2023.SettingOutpatient (OPD) and inpatient (IPD) departments of secondary and tertiary government hospitals, private pharmacies and JAKs in 18 districts of IndiaParticipantsA total of 10 336 patients were recruited from OPD (n=2881) and IPD (n=1009) departments of government hospitals as well as pharmacy settings (n=6446). Data on sociodemographics, disease severity, number of generic prescriptions, source of acquiring medicines and medicine-related OOPE were collected through semistructured interviews and periodic follow-ups.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes included mean OOPE on medicines, incidence of CHE (≥40% of non-food consumption expenditure on medicines), IR among JAK and non-JAK users were the primary outcomes of the study. Secondary outcomes comprised awareness of JAKs, generic prescribing rates in hospitals and the factors associated with OOPE, CHE and IR.ResultsPatients procuring medicines exclusively from JAKs reported the lower mean OOPE (OPD: ₹172; IPD: ₹275; pharmacy: ₹307), compared with significantly higher spending at private pharmacies (OPD: ₹1085; IPD: ₹3165; pharmacy: ₹1031). After adjusting for covariates, OOPE among exclusive JAK users was significantly lower relative to private pharmacy users by 60.6%–89.3%. Furthermore, matched analysis confirmed 42% lower expenses, compared with private pharmacies. The likelihood of CHE was also significantly greater among private pharmacy users. However, utilisation of JAKs remained limited, mainly due to low awareness, perceived stock shortages and low rates of generic prescribing.ConclusionPMBJP is associated with significant reduction in OOPE and financial hardship, positioning it as an effective cost-containment intervention within India’s universal health coverage framework. Strengthening supply chains, promoting generic prescribing and integrating JAKs with public facilities would further maximise its impact.