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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by the destruction of cartilage. The greatest risk factors for the development of OA include age and obesity. Recent studies suggest the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA. The two most common locations for OA to occur are in the knee and hip joints. The knee joint experiences more mechanical stress, cartilage degeneration, and inflammation than the hip joint. This could contribute to the increased incidence of OA in the knee joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including high-mobility group box-1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and alarmins (S100A8 and S100A9), are released in the joint in response to stress-mediated chondrocyte and cartilage damage. This facilitates increased cartilage degradation and inflammation in the joint. Studies have documented the role of DAMPs in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the comparison of DAMPs and its influence on OA has not been discussed. In this study, we compared the DAMPs between OA knee and hip joints and found a significant difference in the levels of DAMPs expressed in the knee joint compared to the hip joint. The increased levels of DAMPs suggest a difference in the underlying pathogenesis of OA in the knee and the hip and highlights DAMPs as potential therapeutic targets for OA in the future.

abstractSkeletal dysplasia or dwarfism presents in a host of manners. Degenerative hip disease can present as a primary problem secondary to the abnormal growth disturbance or secondarily from the abnormal load distributions through the hip joint itself. Total hip arthroplasty is a successful procedure but sought with increased risks and complications; when compared to routine hip arthroplasty. Custom or modular hip implants can help a surgeon manage the abnormal bone morphology seen with this condition.

Attempts at reconstruction of acetabula with severe defects have included the use of a bilobed component, a threaded cup, a bipolar stem, a cup inserted with cement, and a porous ingrowth cup. Universally, such procedures have led to poor results as there is not enough host bone to support the implant. If the appropriate type of allograft is selected for the specific acetabular defect, acetabular reconstructions can be successful in these revision procedures. Acetabular bone grafts serve multiple functions. They help to provide initial stability for the acetabular component and allow placement of the component closer to the normal hip center. It is hoped that, in the long term, such grafts will prolong the survival of the component and restore bone stock to the host pelvis.