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"Selim, Samah"
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The Novel and the Rural Imaginary in Egypt, 1880-1985
The book locates questions of languages, genre, textuality and canonicity within a historical and theoretical framework that foregrounds the emergence of modern nationalism in Egypt. The ways in which the cultural discourses produced by twentieth century Egyptian nationalism created a space for both a hegemonic and counter-hegemonic politics of language, class and place that inscribed a bifurcated narrative and social geography, are examined. The book argues that the rupture between the village and the city contained in the Egyptian nationalism discourse is reproduced as a narrative dislocation that has continued to characterize and shape the Egyptian novel in general and the village novel in particular. Reading the village novel in Egypt as a dynamic intertext that constructs modernity in a local historical and political context rather than rehearsing a simple repetition of dominant European literary-critical paradigms, this book offers a new approach to the construction of modern Arabic literary history as well as to theoretical questions related to the structure and role of the novel as a worldly narrative genre.
eBook
Leukocyte count in COVID-19: an important consideration
Furthermore, the virus can lead to exaggerated inflammatory response known as cytokine storm that is characterized by increased interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interferon-γ inducible protein 10, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α, and tumor necrosis factor-α. [...]from the previous evidence, the following points should be taken in consideration: Funding Not applicable Availability of data and materials Not applicable Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable Consent for publication Not applicable Competing interests Not applicable AbbreviationsWHO World Health OrganizationSARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019ACE Angiotensin-converting enzymeIL InterleukinGCSF Granulocyte colony-stimulating factorARDS Acute respiratory distress syndromeNLR Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Journal Article
Detection of airway protective level of the cough reflex in acute stroke patients
BackgroundThe most common respiratory complications in cerebrovascular strokes were respiratory infection, pulmonary edema, acute lung injury (ALI) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The inhalation cough challenge facilitates the quantification of cough.ObjectivesTo detect the level of cough reflex that is enough to protect against respiratory infection in stroke patients, and to identify predictors of post-stroke respiratory infection.Patients and methodsOne hundred and one of cerebrovascular stroke patients were assessed in the first week of symptoms by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Arabic version, Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), cough challenge test, cough flow meter, and A2DS2 score. Then, follow up after 1 week.ResultsPost-stroke respiratory infection was higher in older patients and those who were not working. Respiratory infection was significantly associated with high A2DS2 and NIHSS score (p value < 0.001). A highly significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory markers was detected in patients with a respiratory infection. Eighty percent of stroke patients with no cough developed a respiratory infection. The Mann total scores and the peak cough flow were lower in patients who had a respiratory infection.ConclusionPreserved cough reflex is essential in preventing aspirations and consequent respiratory infections.
Journal Article
Serum level of transforming growth factor-beta1 in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Background
Different inflammatory cytokines play a role in the mechanism and pathogenesis of fibrosis in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) has become a subject of interest. The aim
of the work
is to measure the serum level of TGF-β1 in different forms of major IIP and to find out its relation to the patients
’
clinical and arterial blood gases’ parameters.
Results
The patients’ group showed significant elevation of serum level of TGF-β1 in comparison with the control group (
P
value < 0.001). In patients with IPF, the serum level of TGF-β1 was not significantly increased compared to patients with other forms of major IIP (mean ± SD = 300 ± 84.52 versus 340 ± 131.20 pg/ml,
P
value = 0.32). There was an inverse negative correlation between the age and serum level of TGF-β1 (
r
= − 0.39;
P
= 0.03). An inverse non-significant correlation was found between the serum level of TGF-β1 and the dyspnoea score (
r
= − 0.30,
P
= 0.11). However, there was a significant positive correlation between the serum level of TGF-β1 and the distance of 6-MWT (
r
= 0.44;
P
= 0.02). It was also found that there was a positive correlation between the serum level of TGF-β1 and both arterial oxygen pressure (PaO
2
) (
r
= 0.39,
P
= 0.03) and arterial oxygen saturation (
r
= 0.33,
P
= 0.07).
Conclusion
Serum level of TGF-β1 is elevated in patients with IIP and it positively correlated to both 6-MWD and PaO
2
. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate its prognostic value.
Journal Article
Study of cognitive functions in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Background
Cognitive dysfunction in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is an important clinical co-morbidity that is associated with impaired lung function.
The aim of the work
is to assess cognitive function in major IIP and to find out the relation between cognitive dysfunction and the oxygenation parameters.
Results
Fifty individuals were involved in the study; 30 patients with major IIP and 20 healthy individuals. Patients with IIP had significantly lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) score compared to the control group (
P
< 0.001). Wechsler Deterioration Index (WDI) revealed that 33.3% (
n
= 10) of the patients with IIP had sure cognitive impairment and 26.6% (
n
= 8) had ongoing cognitive deterioration. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had lower cognitive function than other IIP.
Conclusion
There is an impairment of cognitive function in patients with major IIP, particularly in IPF, as measured by WDI and MMSE. Further large studies are needed to assess the possible predictors of cognitive impairment and their effects on the patients’ outcome.
Journal Article
Politics and Paratext: On Translating Arwa Salih’s al-Mubtasarun
This article explores the importance of paratext in political translation by considering activist translation as a dynamic field of call and response shared across political consciousness rather than language. Building on the work of Maria Tymoczko on activist translation and Gayatri Spivak on intimacy, the author uses her translation of Arwa Salih’s al-Mubtasarun (1996; an autobiographical work by an Egyptian leftist) to discuss the ways in which the relationship between author, translator, and the target community of readers shapes the political translation, and how the translator’s paratextual interventions (introductions, footnotes, glossaries) are central to the production of historically situated radical knowledge.
Journal Article