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A k –open book of a closed n –manifold X is a way to express X as a fiber bundle π : X \\ B → S k over the k –sphere S k in the complement of a ( n - k - 1 ) –dimensional submanifold B of X . One can associate an abstract k –open book to a given k –open book of a closed manifold. Given an abstract k –open book of a closed manifold X and an abstract k –open book of a closed manifold X ′ , we define the notion of their Murasugi sum and show that the closed manifold associated to the Murasugi sum is the connected sum of X and X ′ .

The natural fibre-reinforced polymeric composites attract the manufacturing industries due to their recyclability, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. The natural hybrid reinforced polymeric (HNRP) composite overcomes the limitations in mechanical properties of the mono-natural fibre-reinforced composites. In this research work, the effect of barium sulphate ( BaSO 4 ) on the mechanical characterization of HNRP (aloevera/flax/barium sulphate) composites was examined as per ASTM standard. BaSO 4 is preferred as a filler based on the absence of self-motion, high density and high melting point (1580 ∘ C). The thermal stability of the HNRP composite was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (Model: TG/DTA 6200). The water absorption and dynamic mechanical properties of the HNRP composites were estimated. The fractography images were analysed to recognize the fractured surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope. The HNRP5 composite has the maximum tensile strength of 34.72 MPa, predominantly based on the interlocking of the flax fibre and plasticity of the composite improved by the influence of BaSO 4 . The impact strength decreased noticeably with the addition of barium sulphate in the composite. The weight reduction of around 7–9% was observed in the temperature range of 100–200 ∘ C. The mono-composites (HNRP1&2) absorbed, respectively, 4.8 and 3.5% of moisture; with the addition of BaSO 4 , the same combination absorbed 4.2 and 3.2% of water content, which was due to the low water absorption capability of BaSO 4 . The storage modulus of the HNRP5 composite has maximum magnitude in the glassy region and minimum in the rubber region.

In this note, we show that given a closed connected oriented $3$ -manifold M, there exists a knot K in M such that the manifold $M'$ obtained from M by performing an integer surgery admits an open book decomposition which embeds into the trivial open book of the $5$ -sphere $S^5.$

Cloud computing is a model for conveying data innovation benefits in which assets are recovered from the web through online devices and applications, instead of an immediate association with a server. Clients can set up and boot the required assets and they need to pay just for the required assets. Subsequently, later on giving a component to a productive asset administration and the task will be a vital target of Cloud computing. Load balancing is one of the major concerns in cloud computing, and the main purpose of it is to satisfy the requirements of users by distributing the load evenly among all servers in the cloud to maximize the utilization of resources, to increase throughput, provide good response time and to reduce energy consumption. To optimize resource allocation and ensure the quality of service, this article proposes a novel approach for load-balancing based on the enhanced ant colony optimization.

Let H be a connected labeled graph. A H—generalized join graph is a graph obtained by H—generalized join operation of family of graphs 𝓖 = {Gv : v ∈ V(H)} constrained by family of vertex subsets 𝒮 = {Sv ⊂ V(Gv ) : v ∈ V(H)}. In this article, we characterize all the dominating sets and the minimal dominating sets of H—generalized join graphs. Consequently, we compute the (multivariate) domination polynomial and the minimal domination polynomial of H—generalized join graphs. We also compute the domination number of H—generalized join graphs. Finally, as an illustration, we calculate the domination polynomial and the minimal domination polynomial of multipartite graphs, the corona product of graphs, Kn —generalized join graphs, and K n 1 , … , n m —generalized join graphs.

Advances in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) require better security protocols to give automobiles and other VANET components impenetrable security. VANETs have several security challenges due to the openness of their communication architecture. The security and privacy issues related to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication have been addressed through various mutual authentication systems that researchers have recently put out. The investigation of the VANET infrastructure using artificial intelligence is proposed in this paper as a unique approach to smart V2V data transfer. The infrastructure study uses a hybrid multi-channel technique based on bandwidth allocation. The data are sent using reinforcement Q-learning techniques in conjunction with propagation routeing. The experimental investigation focuses on throughput, delay, QoS, computational cost and data transmission rate.

In this note, we give a new proof of the existence of an open book decomposition for a closed non-orientable 3–manifold. This open book decomposition is analogous to a planar open book decomposition for a closed orientable 3–manifold. More precisely, in this note, we give an open book decomposition of a given closed non-orientable 3–manifold with the pages punctured Möbius bands. We also give an algorithm to determine the monodromy of this open book.

A smart home energy management system plays an important role in improving the efficiency of an energy distribution system and also helps to reduce the carbon footprint of the power utility company. For a developing country like India, one of the main challenges faced while integrating an energy management system and renewable energy technology is the migration cost faced by the user from the existing system. The existing energy policy of the nation or the community should be reformed in such a way that the user who is willing to adapt to an energy management system should be properly rewarded. Smart appliances and IoT-enabled devices reduce wiring complexity in any conventional home and the smart metering facility aids in the bidirectional communication between consumers and utility companies. But how does it take care of user privacy? What are the reasons behind the user’s negligence on-demand response schemes in India? Through a case study, it was observed that the power consumption of domestic consumers in India increased over the years. It was also observed through an energy survey of 200 low-tension domestic consumers that a simple reengineering of lighting loads can save up to 4.68 Megawatt-hour of energy in a year. The paper also identified the negative impact of the inclining block rate billing scheme by comparing the bimonthly energy consumption pattern of consumers and also proposed a new billing scheme. The paper also reviews the types of optimization methods available for load scheduling. This paper is an attempt to enlighten readers on the importance of adopting a sustainable home energy management system, as a socio-economic commitment towards a green future. Highlights The connected loads in Indian homes are increasing day by day and so the electricity bill A smart green HEM system helps to reduce the carbon footprint Novel demand response programs policies should be formulated Harvesting renewable energy will have multiple applications in a home Dimming lighting loads considerably reduces usage cost

Accurate knowledge of global solar radiation (GSR) data is necessary for various solar energy based applications. However, in spite of its importance, the number of solar radiation measuring stations is comparatively rare throughout the world due to financial cost and difficulties in measurement techniques. The objective of this current study is to assess the solar energy potential and to develop solar resource mapping of India without utilizing the direct measurement techniques. GSR is predicted with commonly available meteorological parameters like minimum and maximum temperature as its inputs by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) based solar radiation model. The SVM model is validated with measured data from India Meteorological Department (IMD). This study simplifies the major challenge of preparing GSR data for various solar energy applications in a big country like India. Also the life cycle cost of Solar PV is analyzed in India. The payback period will be around 3 years for an annually solar radiation of range from 3.5 to 6 kWh/m2/day. This work eliminates the requirement of costly pyranometer to get GSR data. Solar resource mapping of India is developed without direct measurement technique thus avoids GSR data recording, daily maintenance and subsequently the increasing cost of GSR data collection.

Purpose The purpose of this study is the influence of various combinations of metal sulfides on the tribological performance of brake pads. Design/methodology/approach Three brake pads were prepared using the possible combination of any two of the solid lubricants from Bismuth trisulfide (Bi2S3); Tin disulfide (SnS2) and Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) are chosen and blended with molybdenum disulfide and graphite. The tribological performance was compared with the brake pad containing aftermarket sulfide mixture. The tribological performance parameters such as performance coefficient of friction, fade percent, recovery percent, wear thickness loss, time is taken to reach the maximum temperature and fluctuation of friction were investigated using Chase tribometer adopting IS 2742 Part-4 (1994) test procedure. Findings The friction stability of the brake pad with 4Wt% of MoS2, Bi2S3 and SnS2 was observed to be better, but it showed poor wear performance and aggressive towards the rotor, whereas the brake pad contained 4Wt% of MoS2, Bi2S3 and Sb2S3 exhibited improved wear performance. Originality/value This paper explains the influence of the combination of multiple metal sulfide in the tribological performance of the copper-free brake friction composite. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2020-0249/