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The molecular host cucurbit[7]uril forms an extremely stable inclusion complex with the dicationic ferrocene derivative bis(trimethylammoniomethyl)ferrocene in aqueous solution. The equilibrium association constant for this host-guest pair is 3 x 10¹⁵ M⁻¹ (Kd = 3 x 10⁻¹⁶ M), equivalent to that exhibited by the avidin-biotin pair. Although purely synthetic systems with larger association constants have been reported, the present one is unique because it does not rely on polyvalency. Instead, it achieves its extreme affinity by overcoming the compensatory enthalpy-entropy relationship usually observed in supramolecular complexes. Its disproportionately low entropic cost is traced to extensive host desolvation and to the rigidity of both the host and the guest.

The remarkable potential of the carbon allotrope graphene and its derivatives in developing hybrid nanofluids has sparked considerable interest among researchers. These carbon nanoparticles offer excellent opportunities to blend with various metal or metal oxide nanoparticle binders to improve their material properties. This study focuses on investigating the synthesis, characterization, and thermophysical properties of silver- (Ag-) infused GO aqueous hybrid nanofluids with various weight percentages (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 wt.%) using environmentally friendly reducing and stabilizing agents. Characterization of the hybrid nanofluids was performed using XRD, SEM, EDX, a UV-visible spectrometer, a particle size analyzer, and FTIR techniques. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the GO-Ag hybrid nanofluids were experimentally determined in the temperature range of 293 K–333 K. Notably, the results indicated that the nanofluids with a concentration of 0.1 wt.% exhibited the most significant enhancement in thermal conductivity, with improvements of 15.22% at 293 K and 31.19% at 333 K compared to the base fluid. A mathematical model was developed based on the thermal conductivity experimental results using the response surface methodology (RSM). Overall, the results suggest that the silver nanoparticles-decorated aqueous graphene oxide hybrid nanofluid has promising potential as an innovative heat transfer fluid in various heat transfer applications.

To identify putative antimitotic compounds, the pseudostem of banana plant (PSBP) was chosen and assays were carried out with aqueous extract of PSBP. Aqueous extract of PSBP decreased the mitotic index in onion root tips. Moreover, this extract inhibited the regeneration of blastema in amputated earthworms. Validation of this extract with MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2-yl)—2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line confirmed the presence of antimitotic activity. LC–MS analysis of this extract revealed the presence of three potential antimitotic compounds viz. α-tocotrienoxyl radical (ATT), 1,2,4-nonadecanetriol (NAT), and 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF). Molecular docking studies suggested that these three compounds associate with α- and β-tubulin of mammalian cells and might have influenced the polymerization of microtubules. Besides, these compounds bind with active sites of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) protein which is required for cell division. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies indicated the strong binding of THIF with α-tubulin, whereas ATT and NAT ligands with CDK2 protein. Our results clearly indicated the presence of three different antimitotic compounds from new resource and inhibit mitotic cell division. Pseudostem of banana plants could be an excellent resource for production of commercially significant antimitotic compounds.

Glycolurils are building blocks for the synthesis of cucurbiturils that are important host materials for several applications. Glycolurils are prepared conveniently by the condensation of 1,2-diketones with urea using an acid as catalyst. Herein, we report a facile method of synthesis of various glycolurils using urea phosphate and 1,2-diketones.

The supramolecular chemistry of cucurbituril, a synthetic receptor, is fascinating because of the remarkable guest binding behavior of the host. Although cucurbituril is potentially as useful as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, and calixarenes in many applications, its chemistry has not been developed much until recently because of several shortcomings. Recently we synthesized cucurbituril homologues and derivatives. These new members of the cucurbituril family have expanded the scope further, and interest in them has grown enormously. The diversity in guest binding behavior has led to many interesting studies such as redox control of guest binding, stabilization of charge-transfer complexes inside the host cavity, encapsulation of drug molecules, formation of redox-controllable vesicles, and so on. The cucurbituril homologues and derivatives thus provide new opportunities in many areas of supramolecular chemistry including recognition, catalysis, separation, transport, and many others.

The supramolecular chemistry of cucurbituril, a synthetic receptor, is fascinating because of the remarkable guest binding behavior of the host. Although cucurbituril is potentially as useful as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, and calixarenes in many applications, its chemistry has not been developed much until recently because of several shortcomings. Recently we synthesized cucurbituril homologues and derivatives. These new members of the cucurbituril family have expanded the scope further, and interest in them has grown enormously. The diversity in guest binding behavior has led to many interesting studies such as redox control of guest binding, stabilization of charge-transfer complexes inside the host cavity, encapsulation of drug molecules, formation of redox-controllable vesicles, and so on. The cucurbituril homologues and derivatives thus provide new opportunities in many areas of supramolecular chemistry including recognition, catalysis, separation, transport, and many others.