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Groundwater quality investigations were carried out in one of the urban parts of south India for fluoride and nitrate contaminations, with special focus on human health risk assessment for the rapidly growing and increasingly industrialized Coimbatore City. Twenty-five groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters (EC, pH, TDS, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − , PO 4 3− , NO 3 − , and F − ) and the piper diagram characterized 60% of them as Ca-Mg-Cl type. Analysis of fluoride (0.1 to 2.4 mg/l) shows that 32% of the groundwater samples contain F − over the permissible limit, affecting a region of 122.10 km 2 . Nitrate (0.1 to 148 mg/l) is over the permissible limit in 44% of the groundwater samples spread over an area of 429.43 km 2 . The total hazard indices (THI) of non-carcinogenic risk for children (0.21 to 4.83), women (0.14 to 3.35), and men (0.12 to 2.90) shows some of the THI values are above the permissible limit of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The THI-based non-carcinogenic risks are 60%, 52%, and 48% for children, women, and men. This investigation suggests higher health risk for children and also recommends that proper management plan should be adopted to improve the drinking water quality in this region in order to avoid major health issues in the near future.

Geotechnical Engineers are searching for new sustainable material, which can be suitable and effectively used to improves the engineering properties of clay soil. In this research lime is used as stabilizing material in the variable percentage of 1%,3%,5%,7%,9%,10%,12% and 15%. Lime is used as the admixture for soil stabilisation. Swelling pressure of the soil mixed with various proportions of lime such as 1, 7, 12 and 15%. Unconfined compression test, Plastic limit, Liquid limit, standard compaction proctor test, free swell index test and one-dimensional consolidation test are conducted to evaluate the clay soil strength in the laboratory. The experimental investigation results show that maximum strength improvement was achieved in the 12% lime mixed with clay soil and the strength improvement in the range of 300kPa. The results of the swelling test showed that applying lime to the soil decreases the swelling nature of clay soils.

This work deals with the experimental study of SCC with plastic fibre and metakaolin. Metakaolin with 20% replacement for cement and also addition of plastic fibre in SCC are tested. The influence of mineral admixture and the addition of plastic fibre in physical and mechanical properties in SCC are investigated. Plastic fibre is added to SCC with five various ratio are 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%respectively. The fresh concrete is tested by L - box test, V - funnel test and U - box test. The hardened concrete is tested by compressive test, flexural strength test and split tensile test. The properties of fresh concrete demonstrated that filling and passing capability of SCC are weak because of introduction of plastic fibre but are not greatly affected the properties. The hardened concrete properties show that metakaolin and plastic fibre has an impact on the strength of SCC.