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The Republic of Türkiye commemorated its 100th year in 2023. Within one century, a battle weary, poor country has changed into a powerful, game changing leader in the world. This was accomplished by the motivation and overwork of the Turkish nation and a great leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The status of child health in 1923 can be summarized as high infant and under-five mortality rates, epidemic diseases and hardly any healthcare facilities and health-care professionals. Since a healthy, well educated workforce was one of the main requirements for the development of the young republic, child health was given a great emphasis. With the efforts of the whole nation, many children’s hospitals were established, infant mortality decreased, and malaria, neonatal tetanus, polio and diphtheria were eradicated. In this article, the progression of child health in the first 100 years of the Republic of Türkiye will be reviewed.

A 6-year-old, male Arabian crossbred horse was necropsied after a 10 day history of loss of appetite, debility and weight loss. Gross and histologic examination was consistent with purulent papillitis due to . The isolate was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.

Moellerella wisconsensis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus of Entero-bacteriaceae family, and it is an uncommon pathogen in domestic animals. To date, five cases were reported including two dogs, two cattle, and a goat. Streptococcus equisimilis is the second common bacterial agent after the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equine pneumonia cases. The present report describes the isolation of M. wisconses from lungs and spleen of a 10-year-old Arabian horse (May 08, 2022) at post-mortem examination being co-infected with S. equisimilis. Clinical and pathological findings included bilateral nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sternal recumbency, severe diffuse necrosuppurative rhinitis, multi-focal fibrinopurulent pneumonia and purulent lymphadenitis. Polymerase chain reaction assays showed no viral nucleic acids of equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) 1, EHV-4, equine arteritis virus and equine papilloma virus. The antibiogram test revealed that the isolate was sensitive to several antibiotics except colistin. Taken together, the present report documents the first isolation of M. wisconsensis from lungs and spleen of a horse; hence, experimental studies are needed to clarify the pathogenity and pathogenesis of M. wisconsensis.

Primary polydipsia (PP) is an etiologically unclear condition that characterized by increased thirst and excessive fluid intake with greater than 3L per day and which usually is coincided in patients with psychiatric disorders. The most commonly reported psychiatric disorder is schizophrenia; however, bipolar disorder is also infrequently de-scribed in concurrence. It is remarkable to note that PP could be life-threatening owing to hyponatremia which may lead seizures, cerebral edema, cardiac arrest and coma; thereby, diagnosing and treating PP are crucial. We report a case with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, currently on remission with the treatment of lithium, presented with 5-month-history of increased water intake. A thorough clinical and diagnostic assessment revealed that patient had not any medical condition which could lead to polydipsia. It is argued that dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis could be the underlying reason of affective disorders and the mechanism which may lead to PP. Despite the cause of polydipsia remains unclear, we aimed to provide evidence for the associative role of HPA axis dysfunction in PP comorbid bipolar disorder.