Explore the vast range of titles available.

Peru is one of the world's leading fishing nations and its seafood industry relies on the trade of a vast variety of aquatic resources, playing a key role in the country's socio-economic development. DNA barcoding has become of paramount importance for systematics, conservation, and seafood traceability, complementing or even surpassing conventional identification methods when target organisms show similar morphology during the early life stages, have recently diverged, or have undergone processing. Aiming to increase our knowledge of the species diversity available across the Peruvian supply chain (from fish landing sites to markets and restaurants), we applied full and mini-barcoding approaches targeting three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S, and 12S) and the control region to identify samples purchased at retailers from six departments along the north-central Peruvian coast. DNA barcodes from 131 samples were assigned to 55 species (plus five genus-level taxa) comprising 47 families, 24 orders, and six classes including Actinopterygii (45.03%), Chondrichthyes (36.64%), Bivalvia (6.87%), Cephalopoda (6.11%), Malacostraca (3.82%), and Gastropoda (1.53%). The identified samples included commercially important pelagic (anchovy, bonito, dolphinfish) and demersal (hake, smooth-hound, Peruvian rock seabass, croaker) fish species. Our results unveiled the marketing of protected and threatened species such as whale shark, Atlantic white marlin, smooth hammerhead (some specimens collected during closed season), shortfin mako, and pelagic thresher sharks. A total of 35 samples (26.72%) were mislabeled, including tilapia labeled as wild marine fish, dolphinfish and hake labeled as grouper, and different shark species sold as \"smooth-hounds\". The present study highlights the necessity of implementing traceability and monitoring programs along the entire seafood supply chain using molecular tools to enhance sustainability efforts and ensure consumer choice.

Histoplasmosis is one of the most common pulmonary mycosis diseases in the world. Genome sequencing has revealed that Histoplasma, the cause of histoplasmosis, is composed of several phylogenetic species. The genetic diversity of the pathogen remains largely unknown, especially in the tropics. We sequenced the genomes of 91 Histoplasma isolates from the Amazon basin of South America and used phylogenomics and population genetic evidence to measure the genetic variation of the genus in South America. We report a previously unidentified clade of Histoplasma endemic to the Amazon basin. The lineage is widespread across the continent and contains 5 lineages that are sufficiently differentiated to be considered phylogenetic species. We found the geographic range of those lineages is largely but not completely overlapping. Finally, we found that the patient median age and sex ratio differs among species, suggesting differences in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis caused by each Histoplasma lineage.

Globally, Mexico ranks ninth among the main producers of pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), despite its production system still relying on field-based vegetative propagation, which limits the establishment of new cultivation areas. Consequently, the primary challenge in Mexico is the implementation of in vitro cultivation protocols that enable rapid and effective propagation of pineapples. This study describes a pilot-scale production process for the Smooth Cayenne and MD-2 varieties, covering the establishment of in vitro cultures using waste plant material, the propagation of shoots from fruit crowns, acclimatisation, adaptation to the field, and subsequent fruiting in the Papaloapan Basin region, the main production area in Mexico. We evaluated the production of shoots induced with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), monitoring the shoot forming capacity (SFC) and the geometric rates of propagation up to the fourth subculture in both semi-solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. In the leaf culture, four types of morphogenic responses were observed: direct organogenesis, rhizogenesis, and both direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in both varieties. During the rooting stage, we achieved 100% efficiency using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or activated charcoal. The follow-up extended to flowering and fruiting in the field, where pineapples were harvested with weights of 1.41 kg (13.9°Brix) and 1.27 kg (14.43°Brix). Finally, the procedure was scaled up using temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) in both normal and double phases, alternating with closed containers. Graphical abstract Key message A pilot plant established for the mass micropropagation of the Smooth Cayenne and MD-2 pineapple varieties reveals efficiencies, potential, flexibility in management, and shortcuts in the process.

Inferring the demographic history of species is fundamental for understanding their responses to past climate/landscape alterations and improving our predictions about the future impacts of the different components of ongoing global change. Estimating the time-frame at which population fragmentation took place is also critical to determine whether such process was shaped by ancient events (e.g. past climate/geological changes) or if, conversely, it was driven by recent human activities (e.g. habitat loss). We employed genomic data (ddRAD-Seq) to determine the factors shaping contemporary patterns of genetic variation in the Iberian cross-backed grasshopper Dociostaurus crassiusculus , an endangered species with limited dispersal capacity and narrow habitat requirements. Our analyses indicate the presence of two ancient lineages and three genetic clusters resulted from historical processes of population fragmentation (~18–126 ka) that predate the Anthropocene. Landscape genetic analyses indicate that the limits of major river basins are the main geographical feature explaining large-scale patterns of genomic differentiation, with no apparent effect of human-driven habitat fragmentation. Overall, our study highlights the importance of detailed phylogeographic, demographic and spatially-explicit landscape analyses to identify evolutionary significant units and determine the relative impact of historical vs . anthropogenic factors on processes of genetic fragmentation in taxa of great conservation concern.

Background There is evidence in favor of using the ultrasound as the primary screening tool in looking for an occult cardiac injury. We report on a prospective single-center study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound for the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac wounds in a low-resource hospital from a middle-income country. Methods Data were collected prospectively. We included all consecutive patients 14 years and older who presented to the Emergency Trauma Unit with (1) penetrating injuries to the precordial area and (2) a systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg (hemodynamically stable). The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound compared with those of the pericardial window, which was the standard test. Results A total of 141 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our results showed that for diagnosing an occult cardiac injury, the sensitivity of the chest ultrasonography was 79.31%, and the specificity was 92.86%. Of the 110 patients with a normal or negative ultrasound, six had a positive pericardial window. All of these patients had left hemothoraces. None of them required further cardiac surgical interventions. Conclusion We found that ultrasound was 79% sensitive and 92% specific for the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac wounds. However, it should be used with caution in patients with injuries to the cardiac zone and simultaneous left hemothorax.

Background Damage control surgery (DCS) has emerged as a new option in the management of non-traumatic peritonitis patients to increase survival in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to compare DCS with conventional strategy (anastomosis/ostomies in the index laparotomy) for severe non-traumatic peritonitis regarding postoperative complications, ostomy rate, and mortality and to propose a useful algorithm in the clinical practice. Methods Patients who underwent an urgent laparotomy for non-trauma peritonitis at a single level I trauma center in Colombia between January 2003 and December 2018, were retrospectively included. We compared patients who had DCS management versus definitive initial surgical management (DISM) group. We evaluated clinical outcomes and morbidities among groups. Results 290 patients were included; 81 patients were treated with DCS and 209 patients underwent DISM. Patients treated with DCS had a worse critical status before surgery with higher SOFA score [median, DCS group: 5 (IQR: 3–8) vs. DISM group: 3 (IQR: 1–6), p  < 0.001]. The length of hospital stay and overall mortality rate of DCS group were not significant statistical differences with DISM group. Complications rate related to primary anastomosis or primary ostomy was similar. There is not difference in ostomy rate among groups. At multivariate analysis, SOFA > 6 points and APACHE-II > 20 points correlated with a higher probability of DCS. Conclusion DCS in severe non-trauma peritonitis patients is feasible and safe as surgical strategy management without increasing mortality, length hospital of stay, or complications. DCS principles might be applied in the non-trauma scenarios without increase the stoma rate.

Two series of Cu/Co/Cr modified Fischer–Tropsch catalyst promoted with Zn or Mn and an alkaline metal (Me: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and tested for high alcohol synthesis (HAS) at one hour on-stream and at two temperatures, 300 and 350 °C. The results indicate that the best selectivity toward high alcohols depends on temperature and catalysts composition and is obtained as follows: a) at 300 °C over catalysts without Zn and containing K, Na and Rb; b) at 350 °C over catalysts without Zn and containing K; c) at 350 °C over catalysts containing Zn as well as Li and Cs. Graphical Abstract Two series of Cu/Co/Cr modified Fischer–Tropsch catalyst promoted with Zn or Mn and an alkaline metal (Me: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and tested for HAS at one hour on-stream and at two temperatures, 300 and 350 °C. The results indicate that the higher HA production (i.e. normal and branched butanol) is obtained at 350 °C over catalysts promoted with Zn and all alkali metals, except for Li which shown its best performance at 300 °C.

This study is an exploration of the life-changing decisions and changes which the participants underwent, and which led them to pursue an education in English language teaching (or languages). The foremost objective of this study was to highlight the critical incidents from the past, present, and teaching practice of transnational students in a BA in TESOL program who are also English teachers in central Mexico. Through a narrative analysis, critical incidents in the lives of transnational student/teachers were identified. The findings of this research showed how the participants could explore their identity formation process through the critical incidents.

This paper reviews the status of floating wind energy expansion, market needs, opportunities, and barriers. Even more expensive than many other generation technologies currently, the floating wind will contribute to the decarbonization of Europe. This document assesses the market strategies available to develop floating wind farms in Europe. The study includes four main phases in addition to the overview of the current state-of-the-art: a technology review, market outlook, opportunities, and commercialization barriers. During its development, the offshore wind has moved from experimentation to a final design (Semisubmersible/barge, Tension Leg Platform, and Spar).

Pancreatic Autoimmunity is defined as the presence of autoantibodies and more frequent need for insulin treatment. Affected women presenting recurrent implantation failure (RIF) or recurrent miscarriage (RM) are often misdiagnosed. The objective of thestudy was to describe clinical and metabolic profiles suggestive of Pancreatic Autoimmunity and therapeutic strategy in patients with RIF/RM. We analyzed retrospectively 735 patients, and have identified a subset (N = 20) with similar metabolic characteristics. At the same time, we included a control group (n = 39), with similar demographic characteristics and negative for pancreatic, thyroid or celiac disease autoimmunity. The patients identified with autoimmune metabolic problem (N = 20) had relatives with diabetes mellitus. At 120 minutes after Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) low level of insulin secretion (<2 IU/ml) was found in 70% of patients. Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65) antibodies, with or without other autoantibodies, were positive in80% of patients and anti-IA2 alone were positive I the rest. Since pregestational period, insulin administration was recommended for 10 patients, metformin for 4 patients and exclusively diet control in 5 of them. Significantly increased live bith rates (LBR) per cycle were observed after metabolic control (52%) compared with live birth rate (LBR) after cycles without control (7.5%) (p<0.0001). We noticed 2 cases of pre-eclampsia and 6 low-birth weights. Insulin administration was needed during the pregnancy in 68% of patients and after childbirth in 31.57% of them. In our control group, all of patients (n = 39) underwent ART (53.8% SET and 46.1% DET) with a 50% (SET) and 61.9% (DET) live birth rate (LBR) per cycle. Patients with RIF/RM, normal BMI, low insulin levels after OGTT could benefit from additional metabolic immune testing. A correct diagnosis and treatment could have a positive impact on their reproductive results and live birth rate.