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Susan Wheeler (1955- ) is a prolific American poet who published six books of poetry, most recently is Meme (2012). Her poetic style is characterized by its ambiguity. She is resistant to interpretation and says that if she puts into account the reader's ability to understand her poetry, she will censor the emotion that guides her. In Song for the Spirit of Natalie Going, the phrases are very ambiguous, because they are not included in complete sentences; they are separated from the rest of the poem by commas and dashes. These phrases denote some meanings; the reader should interpret them to solve the poem. In order to interpret these denoting phrases, the researcher applies Bertrand Russell's __Denoting Phrases' theory to the poem. Russell believes that a phrase is denoting solely through its form and there are four classes to interpret a phrase in order to understand its sole preposition. These four classes will help interpret the poem's denoting phrases; solve it. This study will prove that Russell's theory is applicable to Wheeler's Song for the Spirit of Natalie Going and is very helpful to solve it.

Walter Abish (1931-) is a prolific American novelist and poet who is interested in the unique styles of writing, notably in his collage novels. He uses the technique of collage in his volume 99: The New Meaning; it contains What Else and Skin Deep. It takes ninety-nine passages from ninety-nine different books; all their authors are European. He does not give any citation for any of the passages; above each passage, the exact words count is written. Picasso and Barque are the first fine artists to put the visual collage term into light by making pictorial compositions that depend on the cutting and pasting of pieces of wallpaper, sand, pins and bottles. The Avant-grade writers made the first attempt to write a verbal collage version; their strategy was to imitate the visual collage. This study proves that both What Else and Skin Deep are verbal collages.