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This study highlights the importance of an educational design that includes robotics and programming through a visual programming language as a means to enable students to improve substantially their understanding of the elements of logic and mathematics. Gaining an understanding of computational concepts as well as a high degree of student participation and commitment emphasize the effectiveness of introducing robotics and visual programming based on active methodologies in primary education. Implementation of this design provides sixth-grade elementary education students with activities that integrate programming and robotics in sciences and mathematics; these practices allow students to understand coding, motion, engines, sequences and conditionals. A quasi-experimental design, descriptive analysis and participant observation were applied across various dimensions to 93 sixth-grade students in four primary education schools. Programming and robotics were integrated in one didactic unit of mathematics and another in sciences. Statistically significant improvements were achieved in the understanding of mathematical concepts and in the acquisition of computational concepts, based on an active pedagogical practice that instills motivation, enthusiasm, commitment, fun and interest in the content studied.

Limiting microbial growth during drinking water distribution is achieved either by maintaining a disinfectant residual or through nutrient limitation without using a disinfectant. The impact of these contrasting approaches on the drinking water microbiome is not systematically understood. We use genome-resolved metagenomics to compare the structure, metabolic traits, and population genomes of drinking water microbiome samples from bulk drinking water across multiple full-scale disinfected and non-disinfected drinking water systems. Microbial communities cluster at the structural- and functional potential-level based on the presence/absence of a disinfectant residual. Disinfectant residual alone explained 17 and 6.5% of the variance in structure and functional potential of the drinking water microbiome, respectively, despite including multiple drinking water systems with variable source waters and source water communities and treatment strategies. The drinking water microbiome is structurally and functionally less diverse and variable across disinfected compared to non-disinfected systems. While bacteria were the most abundant domain, archaea and eukaryota were more abundant in non-disinfected and disinfected systems, respectively. Community-level differences in functional potential were driven by enrichment of genes associated with carbon and nitrogen fixation in non-disinfected systems and γ-aminobutyrate metabolism in disinfected systems likely associated with the recycling of amino acids. Genome-level analyses for a subset of phylogenetically-related microorganisms suggests that disinfection selects for microorganisms capable of using fatty acids, presumably from microbial decay products, via the glyoxylate cycle. Overall, we find that disinfection exhibits systematic selective pressures on the drinking water microbiome and may select for microorganisms able to utilize microbial decay products originating from disinfection-inactivated microorganisms. 7T6A_iTC8wqejGvHmCotW6 Video abstract

Background Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (AIMR) is a significant complication of acute coronary syndrome that leads to severe and immediate hemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are commonly used to support patients with AIMR as a bridge to surgery, though they may be insufficient in some cases. Case Presentation A 74-year-old male presented with two days of indigestion and evident hypoxia, and an electrocardiogram revealed inferior and lateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated severe two-vessel coronary disease with a 100% thrombotic occlusion of the second obtuse marginal artery (OM2, culprit lesion) and an 80% stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). Despite stenting of OM2, the patient remained hypoxic and hypotensive, necessitating escalated support via an IABP. A follow-up echocardiogram revealed severe mitral regurgitation presumed to be AIMR secondary to a ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle with a flail anterior leaflet (A2). Despite aggressive supportive measures with the IABP, the patient’s hemodynamics continued to show cardiogenic shock and clinical status did not improve. However, the patient was required to abstain from surgery for a P2Y12 inhibitor therapy wash out period. Consequently, the IABP was upgraded to Impella 5.5 as bridge-to-surgery support on day 1 post-admission. Subsequently, the patient’s hemodynamics improved, and he underwent a combined mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on day 7 post-admission without incident. The Impella was successfully explanted on day 25 post-admission. Delay in explant was due to hypotension and respiratory status despite normalizing hemodynamics and echocardiogram revealing recovered left ventricular ejection fraction. The patient developed bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and expired on day 27 post-admission. Conclusion Although IABP is standard for supporting AIMR patients as a bridge to surgery, it may not provide sufficient hemodynamic support. This case supports a growing body of evidence that alternative forms of hemodynamic support should be considered if the traditional therapeutic modalities for AIMR do not adequately support patients. Clinicians may consider upgrading IABP to Impella to provide increased hemodynamic support and maintain AIMR patient stability while awaiting cardiac surgery.

Augmented reality emerges as a tool, on which it is necessary to examine its real educational value. This paper shows the results of a bibliometric analysis performed on documents collected from the Web of Science repository, an Internet service that concentrates bibliographic information from more than 7,000 institutions. Our analysis included an overall universe of 12,000 indexed journals and 148,000 conference proceedings. From those, we selected a sample targeting the terms \"mobile-learning\" or \"m-learning\" and \"augmented reality\" as descriptors or components of titles of scientific works. The analysis on journals (n=741) and in conference proceedings (n=913) reveals a differentiated perspective in each area in the last two years. A qualitative analysis of 67 scientific productions addressing these subjects complements the research. This highlights five themes: conceptualization of the phenomenon, development of new methodologies, motivation, spatial delocalization, and implementation in subject-matter areas. The research highlights logical changes, such as greater and differentiated access to information; transcendent innovations, such as increasing informal and ludic activities, insertion into virtual environments, membership of specific groups, and networks of friendly interaction, along creation of new scales of values. These elements are now beginning to constitute fundamental parts of teaching methodologies. Education appears to be subsidiary to technical advances, thus imposing a drastic methodological change.

Background: Right ventricular primary graft dysfunction (RV-PGD) is a rare but serious complication following heart transplantation, associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Temporary mechanical circulatory support is indicated when patients fail to respond to pharmacological therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with RV-PGD who received RV mechanical support with the Impella RP Flex device at our institution. Methods: Medical records of patients with RV-PGD supported by the Impella RP Flex device between December 2022 and March 2024 were reviewed retrospectively to assess survival, procedural complications, duration of support, and end organ dysfunction. Results: Of the 20 patients reviewed, 5 met the inclusion criteria. All five patients demonstrated recovery of RV function after a mean support duration of 8.6 ± 3.05 days. One pump showed transient evidence of biologic material ingestion during a weaning trial. No cases of tricuspid valve injury were observed. The most common complications were hemolysis, bleeding, and acute kidney dysfunction, with all patients requiring hemodialysis. Conclusions: Impella RP Flex support is safe and effective for managing primary and isolated RV-PGD without the need for additional blood oxygenation. However, bleeding complications requiring intervention remain a significant concern, and further evaluation of renal recovery is warranted.

In this research, the performance of Information Technology (IT) projects was analyzed, evaluating if they meet the schedule, budget, objective, and customer satisfaction. A study by the Standish Group reported that for the period 2015-2020 only 35% of the projects were successful [1]. An exploratory methodology based on bibliometric analysis was used and it allowed to know global trends related to governance and project performance. Also, a quantitative methodology was implemented for structuring the model of factors and variables. With the information obtained from the Colombian universities, a factorial analysis was carried out and a statistical model of linear equations was built that characterized the behavior of corporate governance, IT governance and project performance. As a result, a governance alignment model was created, which will help to improve decision-making, deliver value, and increase the efficiency of IT project management.

Active methodologies are consolidated as a key trend in education for the competence development of students at all educational stages, due to the academic, social, personal, and professional benefits that their implementation in the classroom provides. The profusion of systematic reviews on different types of active methodologies in recent years provides a high level of accumulated evidence. Therefore, a review of reviews allows comparing and contrasting different studies, offering a comprehensive perspective on their impact on Basic Education (Primary and Secondary Education). This study carries out an umbrella review through a qualitative systematic analysis using WoS, Scopus, and Dialnet databases. Reviews carried out in the last six years on the use of different active methodologies have been analysed, obtaining a total of 33 final references. The findings indicate that general research on active methodologies in Basic Education is limited, and these have a positive impact on students with favorable effects on their academic performance and comprehensive development. Despite their relevance, passive and directive methodologies remain predominant. Furthermore, the need for teacher training for effective implementation of active methodologies in the classroom is highlighted.

Microbial enzymes, due to their efficiency, specificity, and sustainability, are central to innovative biotechnological strategies aimed at optimizing industrial processes such as winemaking. In this study, the potential of Aureobasidium pullulans m11-2, a native dimorphic fungus from the wine ecosystem, was evaluated as a source of hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading grape cell wall polysaccharides. The strain was identified at the molecular level and characterised in terms of its morphology. To maximise enzyme production, various culture media were tested. Among the concentrations tested, the optimal levels of glucose and pectin were 1 g L−1 and 10 g L−1, respectively. The partially constitutive and inducible nature of the various polysaccharidase activities (pectinases, cellulases, and xylanases) was confirmed. The effect of grape skins (a winemaking by-product) on microbial growth and enzyme synthesis was evaluated, achieving a pectinase activity of 0.622 U mL−1 when combined with 1 g L−1 of glucose. Maximum enzyme yields were detected during the exponential growth phase in both citrus pectin and grape skin media, suggesting favorable conditions for continuous bioprocessing. These results confirm that A. pullulans m11-2 is an interesting microbial option for producing polysaccharidases that can be adapted to sustainable production systems.

El presente artículo devela los procesos de planeación y gestión de los consejos comunitarios de la región del Patía en el departamento del Cauca, ubicado en el sur occidente colombiano. La investigación se sitúa bajo un enfoque epistemológico histórico hermenéutico, desde el que se implementaron técnicas de análisis documental y entrevistas grupales con el propósito de comprender situaciones o logros particulares de la gestión comunitaria desde los relatos, experiencias y vivencias de los consejos comunitarios. Para facilitar la complementariedad de los datos, se triangularon tres técnicas investigativas: la observación registrada en los diarios de campo, las entrevistas y las técnicas de investigación documental. Los resultados relacionan al Estado colombiano como orientador de lineamientos para fortalecer la identidad cultural, el territorio colectivo, el desarrollo económico y social que garanticen los derechos y la igualdad de oportunidades mediante los planes de etnodesarrollo; mientras que los consejos comunitarios bajo su cosmovisión, se apropian el plan de vida para la sostenibilidad, se identifican como garantes de la protección y la defensa del territorio, a través su organización comunitaria preservan prácticas agroecológicas propias, las cuales contribuyen a mantener y rescatar saberes ancestrales afines a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.

ObjectivesBehavioural and psychological symptoms (BPS) worsen quality of life and increase institutionalization in dementia, but the relationship between BPS and vascular burden on neuroimaging is unclear. Our aim is to explore whether the profile of BPS differs between patients with large-vessel or cortical vascular dementia (cVaD), small-vessel or subcortical vascular dementia (sVaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsThe BEVASDE study comprised 806 demented patients (cVaD—136, sVaD—184, AD—486) recruited from outpatient consultations in Salamanca and Avila, Spain. The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to evaluate dementia severity and BPS.ResultsBPS were reported in 98.5%, 97.3% and 96.9% of the cVaD, sVaD and AD cases, respectively. The median NPI score was 36 in both cVaD and sVaD and 34 in AD, with a median number of four symptoms per patient. The most frequent disorders were depression (64.4%), apathy (61.8%) and sleep disturbance (60.5%). Multivariate regression analyses after controlling for possible confounders showed a higher risk of euphoria (p = 0.011), apathy (p = 0.007), irritability (p = 0.002) and sleep disturbance (p = 0.020) in cVaD than in AD and more apathy (p = 0.0001) and irritability (p = 0.0001) in sVaD than in AD. In contrast, AD subjects had a higher risk of delusions (p = 0.007) and hallucinations (p = 0.023) than patients with cVaD as well as more aberrant motor behaviour than both cVaD (p = 0.0001) and sVaD (p = 0.003).ConclusionBPS are common in dementia and may help in differential diagnosis of the various subtypes. We should inquire about them and treat as necessary.