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The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO 2 emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO 2 emissions (−1551 Mt CO 2 ) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic’s effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially. The COVID-19 pandemic has stopped many human activities, which has had significant impact on emissions of greenhouse gases. Here, the authors present daily estimates of country-level CO 2 emissions for different economic sectors and show that there has been a 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions in the first half of 2020.

This present study aims to estimate the structural validity, internal consistency reliability of the LSNS-6 and examine the associations between the LSNS-6 and suicidal outcomes among mainland Chinese older adults. This validation study used a big representative sample (N = 2819) of older adults in Beijing from the Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to examine the factor structures of the Chinese version of LSNS-6. Internal consistency reliability of the LSNS-6 was examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the corrected item-total correlation. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associations between the LSNS-6 and late-life death wishes, suicidal ideation in mainland Chinese. This present study showed good internal consistency and consistent factor structure of the LSNS-6 as well as its subscales. The present data demonstrated the LSNS-6 could be a useful tool for assessing social networks among older mainland Chinese. Interestingly, among the mainland Chinese, late-life suicidality was highly associated with the LSNS-6 family subscale, rather than the friends subscale. The LSNS-6 could be a useful tool for assessing social networks among older mainland Chinese. In addition, suggestion is made to improve social networks, especially in family bonds and support, as a promising strategy in reducing late-life suicide risks in mainland China.

Fossil fuel (FF) burning, the main energy source of the modern world's economy, remains the major source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutants in the atmosphere. Based on 18 years (2001-2018) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite, FFCO2 emissions from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide, and gross domestic product (GDP) data from the World Bank, we found that air quality, FF consumption, and economy are strongly bonded at the continental scale but decoupled at the national level under favorable policies. The comparison of AOD vs PM2.5 and NO2 over urbanized areas shows that the pollutants leading to the AOD load can vary significantly by country. A strong connection between GDP and FFCO2 emissions indicates that economic growth deeply replies on FF consumption in most countries. Meanwhile, air pollution is more associated with the growing trend than the level of development of a country. With more mature technologies and renewable energy, economies can keep growing without compromising their environment and population health.

Directly linked porphyrin dimers have attracted considerable attention because of their intriguing electronic features. Most emphasis has been placed on either dimers with large dihedral angles between the constituent planar monomeric subunits or those with overall planarity, referred to as “Planar-Twisted-Planar” and “Planar-Planar-Planar”, respectively. Herein, we report a “Twisted-Planar-Twisted” framework, the hexaphyrin dimer D that exists in a trans configuration. Treatment of D with MeOH affords two isomeric dimers, MD1 and MD2 , both of which incorporate a methoxy moiety and exist in cis orientations with respect to the tethering linkage. The methanol-promoted conversion is accompanied by a readily discernible color change from green to brown and is not induced to an appreciable level by other alcohols. Dimer D thus acts as a rudimentary, albeit highly selective, reaction-based methanol indicator. This work provides a promising approach for constructing reaction-based chemosensors using porphyrinoid dimers of nonplanar subunits with biased reactivity. Directly linked porphyrin dimers show intriguing electronic features but emphasis has been placed on planar monomeric units. Here, the authors report a Twisted-Planar-Twisted framework which can undergo a cis-trans transformation accompanied by a colour change in presence of methanol, making this framework applicable as a methanol sensor.

Neural network pruning is essential for deploying deep learning models on resource-constrained devices by reducing computational and memory demands. In this paper, we propose a novel pruning framework, Entropy-Guided Search Space Optimization for Efficient Neural Network Pruning, which uses information entropy to assess the importance of convolutional layers. Specifically, we calculate the layer-wise entropy of pretrained weights, apply outlier detection to remove extreme values, and normalize the entropy values. These normalized values guide the selection of retention ratios, ensuring that layers with higher entropy retain more filters. By refining the subnetwork search space, our approach enhances the efficiency of the search process and improves overall subnetwork performance. The refined search space targets more promising regions, reducing computational overhead and resulting in higher-quality pruned networks. Through iterative optimization, the optimal subnetwork is identified and fine-tuned to produce the final pruned model. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that our method significantly outperforms existing pruning methods, achieving substantial improvements in both accuracy and computational efficiency. This entropy-guided pruning strategy provides a robust and effective solution for neural network compression, suitable for a wide range of deep learning applications.

The reduction of fertilizer inputs can be considered as an effective policy tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12 and for reaching carbon neutrality. In this study, we examine the impact of the extension of cassava (Manihot sculenta) soil conservation and efficiency (SCE) technology on the cost of chemical fertilizers used by China’s cassava industry. The SCE technology was developed by a Technology Integration and Demonstration (TID) Project of China’s National Key R&D Program, which is an innovative and official channel of agriculture technology extension. Based on data collected from cassava farmers in Guiping, Guangxi, China, the differences-in-differences with propensity score matching (PSM-DID) approach was conducted in this study. We found that farmers participating in the cassava SCE technology project reported a reduction in fertilizer costs per mu (15 mu = 1 ha) of approximately 24.0%. Consequently, the results demonstrate that the government can increase the number of TID projects in order to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs and to encourage the sustainable development of agriculture.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a new type of salivary gland neoplasm identified in the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumour (Skalova et al., Head Neck Pathol 16:40-53, 2022) and is characterized by a unique set of histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features and a recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion. MSA was initially misdiagnosed as another salivary gland tumour due to its similar morphology; until recently, only fewer than 50 cases were reported. We present a case of MSA of the hard palate with diverse architectural growth patterns, bland cytological features, abundant basophilic intraluminal secretions and fibromyxoid stroma. The tumour cells were positive for the SOX10, S100, and p63 protein and negative for the p40 protein according to immunohistochemistry. SS18 gene rearrangement was demonstrated via break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also provided a comprehensive literature review and integrated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and molecular alterations of the disease. A comprehensive understanding of MSA enables us to accurately distinguish and categorize MSA from other salivary gland tumours with analogous morphologies.

The theoretical innovation of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context has put forth a novel concept of green development, signifying a new phase of adapting Marxism to the Chinese contest and needs of the times. Currently, there is a pressing need for in-depth research and understanding of the inherent essence and connotations of green development. Capitalizing on a macroscopic and forward-thinking strategy is essential to explore the new trends, characteristics, and tendencies of green development in the new era. Identifying the objective existence of practical issues in the field of green development, conducting a thorough analysis of the root causes, and proposing corresponding measures are imperative for more effective implementation of the green development concept. This effort aims to contribute to realizing the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in Contemporary Times.

The communist party of China and the Chinese government have attached great importance to the construction of ecological civilization and have put forward a series of new ideas and measures for the construction of ecological civilization, which have further enriched and improved the socialist ecological theory system with Chinese characteristics. Based on the problems existing in the construction of ecological civilization and the causes of existing problems, this paper has a deeper understanding of the problems in practice and theory, such as the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the coordination between economic development and environment, and the unification of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and building a beautiful China.

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of population with positive anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), reveal the important value of early detection of AGA and ASCA. Methodology: This is a retrospective comparative analysis. Comparative analysis of AGA and ASCA detected data in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from February 2021 to February 2024. The rate between groups was compared by χ2 test. P<0.01 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The ratio of male to female was 1:1.4. The number of male patients with AGA positive was significantly lower than that of females (χ2=88.76, P<0.01). Among the 1286 patients with ASCA positive, there were 726 males and 560 females. The ratio of male to female was 1:0.77. The number of male patients with AGA positive was significantly higher than that of females (χ2=42.86,P<0. 01). There are great differences in the distribution of AGA and ASCA between different genders. With the increase of age, the positive rate of AGA showed a downward trend and ASCA showed an upward trend. There are great differences in the distribution trend of AGA and ASCA with age. Conclusion: Early detection of AGA and ASCA have definite guiding significance for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive diseases to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.