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"Sha, Sha"
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Imagination and science in Romanticism
\"In Imagination and Science in Romanticism, Richard Sha challenges the idea that the imagination could only be applied to the literary and that its primary role was to transcend scientific concerns. Sha shows how the imagination functioned within physics and chemistry in Prometheus Unbound, neurology in Blake's Four Zoas, physiology in Coleridge's Biographia Literaria, and obstetrics and embryology in Frankenstein. Sha also shows how the imagination was used in the scientific community, highlighting as primary examples the work of Davy, Faraday, Priestley, Kant, Mary Somerville, Oersted, Marcet, Swedenborg, Blumenbach, Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, and Von Baer, among others. Both fields profited from thinking about how the imagination could cooperate with reason and how hypotheses that had the possibility of actuality could benefit their work\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
The controversy of klotho as a potential biomarker in chronic kidney disease
Klotho is an identified longevity gene with beneficial pleiotropic effects on the kidney. Evidence shows that a decline in serum Klotho level occurs in early chronic kidney disease (CKD) and continues as CKD progresses. Klotho deficiency is associated with poor clinical outcomes and CKD mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD). Klotho has been postulated as a candidate biomarker in the evaluation of CKD. However, the evidence for the clinical significance of the relationship between Klotho and kidney function, CKD stage, adverse kidney and/or non-kidney outcomes, and CKD-MBD remains inconsistent and in some areas, contradictory. Therefore, there is uncertainty as to whether Klotho is a potential biomarker in CKD; a general consensus regarding the clinical significance of Klotho in CKD has not been reached, and there is limited evidence synthesis in this area. To address this, we have systematically assessed the areas of controversy, focusing on the inconsistencies in the evidence base. We used a PICOM strategy to search for relevant studies and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scoring to evaluate included publications. We reviewed the inconsistent clinical findings based on the relationship of Klotho with CKD stage, kidney and/or non-kidney adverse outcomes, and CKD-MBD in human studies. Subsequently, we assessed the underlying sources of the controversies and highlighted future directions to resolve these inconsistencies and clarify whether Klotho has a role as a biomarker in clinical practice in CKD.
Journal Article
واحة الشمال
إعلان البحث عن شريك الحياة ابنة عمي فتاة حسناء ذات وجه بيضاوي مشرق رقيقة المشاعر ومرهفة الحس منذ خمس أعوام نقلت للعمل بشرق المدينة وبعد عامين أصرت لنقل عملها إلى غرب المدينة ومنذ مدة قصيرة أرادت العودة للعمل بشرق المدينة مرة أخرى طلبت مني أن اكتب هذا الإعلان بل وانشره قدر المستطاع لأنها تسكن بوسط المدينة وتستقل السيارة كل يوم إلى العمل.
Book
The most active Cu facet for low-temperature water gas shift reaction
Identification of the active site is important in developing rational design strategies for solid catalysts but is seriously blocked by their structural complexity. Here, we use uniform Cu nanocrystals synthesized by a morphology-preserved reduction of corresponding uniform Cu
2
O nanocrystals in order to identify the most active Cu facet for low-temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction. Cu cubes enclosed with {100} facets are very active in catalyzing the WGS reaction up to 548 K while Cu octahedra enclosed with {111} facets are inactive. The Cu–Cu suboxide (Cu
x
O,
x
≥ 10) interface of Cu(100) surface is the active site on which all elementary surface reactions within the catalytic cycle proceed smoothly. However, the formate intermediate was found stable at the Cu–Cu
x
O interface of Cu(111) surface with consequent accumulation and poisoning of the surface at low temperatures. Thereafter, Cu cubes-supported ZnO catalysts are successfully developed with extremely high activity in low-temperature WGS reaction.
Nanocrystals display a variety of facets with different catalytic activity. Here the authors identify the most active facet of copper nanocrystals relevant to the low-temperature water gas shift reaction and further design zinc oxide-copper nanocubes with exceptionally high catalytic activity.
Journal Article
Constructing Direct Z‐Scheme Heterostructure by Enwrapping ZnIn2S4 on CdS Hollow Cube for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Generation
Rational design hybrid nanostructure photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer, and good solar light harvesting ability have critical significance for achieving high solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency. Here a highly active and stable composite photocatalyst is reported by integrating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on surface of hollow CdS cube to form the cube‐in‐cube structure. Experimental results combined with density functional theory calculations confirm that the Z‐scheme ZnIn2S4/CdS heterojunction is formed, which highly boosts the charge separation and transfer under the local‐electric‐field at semiconductor/semiconductor interface, and thus prolongs their lifetimes. Moreover, such a structure affords the highly enhanced light‐harvesting property. The optimized ZnIn2S4/CdS nanohybrids exhibit superior H2 generation rate under visible‐light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm) with excellent photochemical stability during 20 h continuous operation. The stable composite photocatalyst integrated by ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on surface of hollow CdS exhibits outstanding visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 generation activity, due to that: i) the Z‐scheme charge transfer route facilitates charge separation, prolongs carrier lifetimes, and remains strong electron reduction capacity; ii) the unique cube‐in‐cube structure brings abundant active sites, improves light harvesting ability, shortens charge transfer distance.
Journal Article
كلنا في البداية جدد
المحتويات : كلنا في البداية جدد-لا نستغني عن الملح-الخطيئة الأصلية-الباب الخفي-السرعة-روح عيد الميلاد-قمر يقطر منه الماء-قيمة الحب أغلى-السعادة التي لا حدود لها-الحزن-محيط أرض نصف قطرها خمسمائة متر-في طرف السماء الغربي مفكرة تتحدث عن شينجانغ-الزمان والمكان والشخصية-الحب بلغ شيخوخته-الزهور العظام الشقة المبنية بالطوب الطيني-النصف الأول خذلان والنصف الآخر امتلاك-أنجبت ولدا-الحانة التي اعتدت الخروج منها ... وموضوعات أخرى.
Book
Aberrant maturation and connectivity of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia—contribution of NMDA receptor development and hypofunction
The neurobiology of schizophrenia involves multiple facets of pathophysiology, ranging from its genetic basis over changes in neurochemistry and neurophysiology, to the systemic level of neural circuits. Although the precise mechanisms associated with the neuropathophysiology remain elusive, one essential aspect is the aberrant maturation and connectivity of the prefrontal cortex that leads to complex symptoms in various stages of the disease. Here, we focus on how early developmental dysfunction, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) development and hypofunction, may lead to the dysfunction of both local circuitry within the prefrontal cortex and its long-range connectivity. More specifically, we will focus on an “all roads lead to Rome” hypothesis, i.e., how NMDAR hypofunction during development acts as a convergence point and leads to local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficits and input-output dysconnectivity in the prefrontal cortex, which eventually induce cognitive and social deficits. Many outstanding questions and hypothetical mechanisms are listed for future investigations of this intriguing hypothesis that may lead to a better understanding of the aberrant maturation and connectivity associated with the prefrontal cortex.
Journal Article
Hydrogen sulfide alleviates postharvest ripening and senescence of banana by antagonizing the effect of ethylene
Accumulating evidence shows that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, whereas the interaction between H2S and ethylene is still unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of H2S in ethylene-promoted banana ripening and senescence by the application of ethylene released from 1.0 g·L-1 ethephon solution or H2S with 1 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as the donor or in combination. Fumigation with ethylene was found to accelerate banana ripening and H2S treatment effectively alleviated ethylene-induced banana peel yellowing and fruit softening in parallel with decreased activity of polygalacturonase (PG). Ethylene+H2S treatment also delayed the decreases in chlorophyll and total phenolics, and increased the accumulation of flavonoid, whereas decreased the contents of carotenoid, soluble protein in banana peel and reducing sugar in pulp compared with ethylene treatment alone. Besides, ethylene+H2S treatment suppressed the accumulation of superoxide radicals (·O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) which accumulated highly in ethylene-treated banana peels. Furthermore H2S enhanced total antioxidant capacity in ethylene-treated banana peels with the 2,2'-azobis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The result of quantitative real-time PCR showed that the combined treatment of ethylene with H2S down-regulated the expression of ethylene synthesis genes MaACS1, MaACS2 and MaACO1 and pectate lyase MaPL compared with ethylene treatment, while the expression of ethylene receptor genes MaETR, MaERS1 and MaERS2 was enhanced in combination treatment compared with ethylene alone. In all, it can be concluded that H2S alleviates banana fruit ripening and senescence by antagonizing the effect of ethylene through reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of ethylene signaling pathway.
Journal Article