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Identities of religious believers can motivate believers’ passions, emotions, and action tendencies. Religious identity-based passion can, therefore, lead people to identify with certain kinds of movements, both peaceful and extremist. Around the globe, identities of religious minorities provide a compelling context for studying peaceful and extremist activism driven by passion. Building on previous literature on social identity theory, passion, and religious identity, it was hypothesized that religious identity predicts passion of both types: Harmonious Passion (HP) and Obsessive Passion (OP). It was proposed that people who were harmoniously passionate about their religious identity would promote peaceful activism whereas people who were obsessively passionate would promote hatred and extremism. A sample of 221 devout Shias (a religious minority) from Pakistan participated in the survey-based experiment of this study (males = 108, females = 113; ages ranging from 19 to 38 years, Mage = 22, SD = 2.13; experimental condition = 111, control condition = 110). The results supported the key hypotheses of the study: identification with a minority (Shia Identity) leads to both Harmonious Passion (HP) and Obsessive Passion (OP); when the Shia Identity was threatened, HP and OP scores were lower. Furthermore, HP predicted peaceful activism whereas, under a threat to identify, OP increased and showed a significantly higher violent stance, predicting religious extremism. These findings support the assumption that HP leads to Peaceful Activism, whereas OP is associated with increased support for Extremism and Hatred. The results of this study replicated existing theoretical and empirical predictions about passion pathways and threats to religious identity. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of contemporary identity threats and activism strategies among Muslim minorities in Pakistan.

The evaluation of social communication and interaction (SC/I) behaviors is foundational to the autism identification process. However, this type of evaluation is made difficult by the fact that SC/I is a construct in which perceptions and expectations are largely influenced by norms and attitudes of different sociodemographic groups. While there are many factors that influence differences in SC/I behaviors across sociodemographic groups, one factor that may be especially important is the perceived value of these behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate which sociodemographic factors influence the perceived importance of SC/I behaviors among caregivers of children and adolescents. Caregivers (n = 398) living in the United States completed the Social Communication and Interaction Perceptions Scale (SCIPS). Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the relationship between the perceived importance of SC/I behaviors and seven sociodemographic factors as well as determine if this relationship was moderated by SC/I behavior type (i.e., foundational vs. advanced behaviors). Several different sociodemographic factors (i.e., caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver gender, household income, child disability status, child age, child gender) were associated with caregiver ratings of the perceived importance of SC/I behaviors. This relation was, in some instances (i.e., caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver gender, child disability status), moderated by whether the SC/I behaviors were foundational or advanced. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the values of caregivers regarding perceived SC/I importance during the autism identification process.

This article deals with q-starlike functions associated with conic domains, defined by Janowski functions. It generalizes the recent study of q-starlike functions while associating it with the conic domains. Certain renowned coefficient inequalities in connection with the previously known ones have been included in this work.

Objective: To assess safety and long-term efficacy of use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) soaked absorbable gel foam dressing in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in our population. Study Design: Quasi experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2019. Methodology: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed on 103 eyes of 98 patients for unilateral or bilateral primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction or previously failed Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy without triamcinolone acetonide. Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy was done using a standardized technique employing a 30° nasal endoscope (Karl Storz, Germany). In addition, a gel foam (15x10x5mm) soaked with 1ml of 40mg triamcinolone acetonide was threaded along the silicone tube metallic guide and advanced to ostium at the end of procedure. Anatomical success (patent lacrimal passage on irrigation), functional success (resolution of epiphora) and complications at 6 and 12 months of follow up, were the outcome measures documented and analyzed. Results: Out of 103 cases, there were 41(39.8%) male and 62(60.2%) female patients. Mean age was 47.10±12.80 years (age range 18–72 years). Anatomical success rate of 90(87.4%) and 89(56.4%) was observed at 6 and 12 months, whereas functional success rate of 88(85.4%) was observed at both 6 and 12 months follow up respectively. No major complications were observed in our study. Conclusion: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with triamcinolone acetonide is a safe and effective procedure for epiphora secondary to previous failed Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy or primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.