Explore the vast range of titles available.

Functional foods have gained increasing attention for their dual role in providing essential nutrition and promoting health through the presence of bioactive compounds. These compounds, naturally found in a variety of plant and animal sources, include polyphenols, carotenoids, omega‐3 fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, alkaloids, and terpenoids. They exhibit a wide range of therapeutic effects, mediated through mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, anti‐inflammatory responses, modulation of gut microbiota, and enzyme inhibition. This review offers a comprehensive classification of these key bioactive compounds, detailing their natural origins with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action. Additionally, it explores their incorporation into diverse functional food matrices, including fortified beverages, dairy products, snack items, and dietary supplements. Modern biotechnological and AI‐driven approaches have revolutionized the precision, efficacy, and characterization of functional food products by enabling high‐throughput screening of bioactive compounds, predictive modeling for formulation, and large‐scale data mining to identify novel ingredient interactions and health correlations. Despite the growing popularity of functional foods, challenges persist in terms of the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, regulatory hurdles, and consumer acceptance. Addressing these issues is critical to ensuring the efficacy and safety of functional food products. The review also highlights future perspectives in the field, emphasizing the need for innovative delivery systems and multidisciplinary research to enhance the bioavailability, functionality, and accessibility of these products. By highlighting the challenges and proposing possible solutions, this review serves as a foundational reference for bridging the gap among researchers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders. Functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega‐3 fatty acids, and probiotics provide therapeutic benefits through antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and gut‐modulating mechanisms. Advances in biotechnology and AI have improved screening, formulation, and delivery of these compounds in diverse food matrices including dairy, beverages, and supplements. Despite challenges in stability, bioavailability, and regulation, innovative strategies and multidisciplinary research offer promising solutions to enhance efficacy, safety, and consumer acceptance of functional foods.

This study presents the development of a surface electromyography (sEMG)-operated bionic hand equipped with pressure and temperature sensing capabilities. The primary objective is to restore functional hand movement and sensory feedback in amputees through a low-cost, customizable prosthetic system. The proposed device utilizes surface EMG signals acquired using a MyoWare sensor to control finger and joint actuation, with an Arduino UNO as the central processing unit. Pressure and thermal sensors are integrated to detect grip force and object temperature during real-time interactions. The bionic hand was designed using SolidWorks and fabricated via 3D printing with PLA material. Experimental validation demonstrates 98.2% motion accuracy, sub-second response time, and full repeatability in multiple test cycles. Despite minor limitations such as a 2% nominal error and susceptibility to environmental factors, the system shows no overheating or maintenance issues. The device represents a significant advancement in combining intuitive control with sensory feedback, making prosthetics more functional, responsive, and accessible.

Abstract The flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) also familiar with the name of the greater Indian fruit Bat belongs to the order Chiroptera and family Pteropodidae. Current research emphasis on the DNA barcoding of P. giganteus in Azad Jammu Kashmir. Bat sequences were amplified and PCR products were sequenced and examined by bioinformatics software. Congeneric and conspecific, nucleotide composition and K2P nucleotide deviation, haplotype diversity and the number of haplotypes were estimated. The analysis showed that all of the five studied samples of P. giganteus had low G contents (G 19.8%) than C (27.8%), A (25.1%) and T (27.3%) contents. The calculated haplotype diversity was 0.60% and the mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.001% having a high number of transitional substitutions. The study suggested that P. giganteus (R=0.00) do not deviate from the neutral evolution. It was determined from the conclusion that this mtDNA gene is a better marker for identification of Bat species than nuclear genes due to its distinctive characteristics and may serve as a landmark for the identification of interconnected species at the molecular level and in the determination of population genetics. Resumo A raposa-voadora (Pteropus giganteus), também conhecida como morcego indiano, pertence à ordem dos Chiroptera e à família Pteropodidae. A presente pesquisa dá ênfase ao código de barras de DNA de P. giganteus em Azad Jammu e Caxemira. Sequências genéticas dos morcegos foram amplificadas, e os produtos de PCR foram sequenciados e examinados por software de bioinformática. De espécies congenérica e coespecífica, foram estimados composição nucleotídica e desvio de nucleotídeos K2P, diversidade de haplótipos e número de haplótipos. A análise mostrou que todas as cinco amostras estudadas de P. giganteus apresentaram baixos teores de G (19,8%) em comparação com C (27,8%), A (25,1%) e T (27,3%). A diversidade de haplótipos calculada foi de 0,60%, e a distância média intraespecífica de K2P foi de 0,001%, com um elevado número de substituições transicionais. O estudo sugeriu que P. giganteus (R = 0,00) não se desviou da evolução neutra. É possível concluir que o gene mtDNA é um marcador favorável para identificação de espécies de morcegos do que genes nucleares por causa de suas características distintivas e pode servir como um marco para a identificação de espécies interconectadas em nível molecular e para a determinação genética de populações.