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Indirect-drive double-shell implosions have been performed at 100 kJ laser facility in China. The system of differential equations for the unablated mass, the average implosion velocity, and the ablation front radius of an outer shell within an indirect-drive double-shell capsule during acceleraction and deceleraction phases has been proposed from conservation principles of hydrodynamics. In addition, corrected rocket model for the inner shell has been built; the radius and velocity of the outer surface of the inner shell, as well as the radius and velocity of the inner shell mass center, are solved and give simple expressions. These relations provide the maximum implosion velocity and remaining unablated mass in terms of the initial capsule and the radiation temperature. These results are compared with numerical simulations, and good agreements have been observed.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has the advantages of low cost, obtaining convenience, broad substrate specificity, etc, so it may be a suitable kind of enzyme to remove dilute emulsified oil and dissolved oil from water. The effect factors of the oil removal using HRP, such as pH, concentrations of HRP and H2O2, additives, Fe2 +  ion, temperature and reaction time were researched. When the initial oil concentration was 120 mg/L, the remaining oil concentrations of the synthetic oily water and an actual oily wastewater reached 24.83 mg/L and 21.30 mg/L, respectively. The treatment of oily water using HRP and H2O2 is feasible. It has good application prospects.

Ag2S nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） are prepared in n-heptane/sodium bis（2-ethyl- hexyl）sulfosuccinate/water microemulsions. The Ag2S nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer are characterized by FT-IR spectrum, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. The FT-IR spectrum shows that the composite has the characteristic bands of nano-Ag2S and pure PMMA. The TEM photograph of the sample shows that the Ag2S nanoparticles are elliptical. The phase structure of the composite is characterized by XRD, which reveals that Ag2S particles are formed. The UV-Vis absorption recorded at various times indicates an initial rapid formation of the nanoparticles and the quantum confinement effect of Ag2S nanoparticles.

Particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ranging between 10 to 2.5 μm (PM10‐2.5) were simultaneously collected at four air‐quality monitoring stations in the Taichung area of central Taiwan during the period of February 12 to 22, 2004. Two different types of PM10 episodes, a nonlocal dust‐storm episode and a local episode, were observed in the present study. High concentrations of coarse aerosols occurred during the dust‐storm episode, whereas high concentrations of fine aerosols were present during the local episode. Relatively high levels of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− in coarse aerosols were observed during the dust‐storm episode. Very high concentrations of secondary aerosols (NH+4, SO2−4, and NO−3) in fine aerosols were observed during the local episode. The nitrate ion demonstrated the greatest increase in the ratios of ionic species to PM2.5 and ionic species to PM10‐2.5 during the local episode. Significantly high ratios (0.444) of NO−3 to NO2 in fine aerosols were present during the local episode, indicating that the relatively high formation rate of NO−3 was one of the important factors leading to the increase of the NO−3 to PM2.5 ratio during the local episode. Results also showed that an abundant quantity of fine ammonium nitrate was formed during the local episode, and chloride depletion probably was the major pathway to form coarse NaNO3 during this episode.

Wrinkling and buckling of nano-films on the compliant substrate are always induced due to thermal deformation mismatch.This paper proposes effective means to control the surface wrinkling of thin film on the compliant substrate,which exploits the curvatures of the curve cracks designed on the stiff film.The procedures of the method are summarized as：1）curve patterns are fabricated on the surface of PDMS（Polydimethylsiloxane）substrate and then the aluminum film with the thickness of several hundred nano-meters is deposited on the substrate;2）the curve patterns are transferred onto the aluminum film and lead to cracking of the film along the curves.The cracking redistributes the stress in the compressed film on the substrate;3）on the concave side of the curve,the wrinkling of the film surface is suppressed to be identified as shielding effect and on the convex side the wrinkling of the film surface is induced to be identified as inductive effect.The shielding and inductive effects make the dis-ordered wrinkling and buckling controllable.This phenomenon provides a potential application in the fabrication of flexible electronic devices.

Based on multiple types of data, the topographical features of the Okinawa Trough（OT） have been characterized and a computation method has been proposed to determine the break point of continental shelf（BOS）, foot point of the continental slope（FOS）, the central axial point, and the maximum depth point. A total of 48 topographical profiles that crosscut the continental slope have been used to determine the trends of the BOS and FOS（the BOS and FOS lines） in the East China Sea（ECS）. The trend of central axial points in the OT has been similarly determined by analyzing 39 topographical profiles across the axis of the trough. The BOS line forms the boundary between the continental shelf and slope. In the ECS, the BOS line roughly follows the 200 m isobath, continuously in the northern and middle parts of the OT, but jumping about somewhat in the south. The FOS line is the boundary between the continental slope and the bottom of the trough. The depth of the FOS increases gradually from north to south in the OT. Intense incisions by canyons into the slope in the southern part of the trough have led to the complex distribution of FOS. Topographical profiles crosscutting the northern, middle, and southern parts of the OT exhibit features that include： a single W-shape, a composite W-shape, and a U-shape, respectively, which suggests that in the middle and northern parts of the trough the central axial points are always located on seamount peaks or ridges associated with linear seamounts, whereas in the south they are found in the center of en echelon depressions. The line formed by the central axial points is the east-west dividing line of the OT, which indicates that the trough is a natural gap that prevents the extension of ECS continental shelf to the east. The distributions of the BOS and FOS lines are influenced by fluctuation of sea levels and submarine canyons, whereas the distribution of axis lines is controlled by tectonics and deposition.

As a key attribute of soil quality, soil organic matter（SOM） and its different fractions play an important role in regulating soil nutrient cycling and soil properties.This study evaluated the soil carbon（C） and nitrogen（N） concentrations in different SOM fractions（light– and heavy fractions,microbial biomass） under different vegetation types and analyzed their influencing factors in continuous permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the North of Kunlun Mountains, China.Soil samples were collected in pits under four vegetation types — Alpine swamp meadow（ASM）, Alpine meadow（AM）, Alpine steppe（AS） and Alpine desert（AD） — at the depth of 0-50 cm.The vegetation coverage was the highest at ASM and AM, followed byAS and AD.The results indicated that the concentrations of light fraction carbon（LFC） and nitrogen（LFN）, and microbial biomass carbon（MBC）and nitrogen（MBN） decreased as follows： ASM 〉 AM 〉AS 〉 AD, with the relatively stronger decrease of LFC,whereas the heavy fraction carbon（HFC） and nitrogen（HFN） concentrations were lower in AS soils than in the AD soils.The relatively higher proportions of LFC/SOC and MBC/SOC in the 0-10 cm depth under the ASM soils are mainly resulted from its higher substrate input and soil moisture content.Correlation analysis demonstrated that aboveground biomass, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon（SOC） and total nitrogen（TN） positively correlated to LFC, LFN, HFC, HFN, MBC and MBN, while p H negatively correlated to LFC, LFN, HFC, HFN, MBC and MBN.There was no relationship between active layer thickness and SOM fractions, except for the LFC.Results suggested that vegetation cover, soil moisture content, and SOC and TN concentrations were significantly correlated with the amount and availability of SOM fractions, while permafrost had less impact on SOM fractions in permafrost regions of the central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

Aim： To investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA-221 （miR-221） on CDKN1C/p57 expression in colorectal carcinoma （CRC）. Methods： Thirty four CRC and adjacent non-tumorous tissue samples were collected individually. Total RNA and protein were isolatedand from these samples and four human CRC-derived cell lines （including HT-29, Lovo, SW-480 and Caco2）. MiR-221 expression was examined using real-time RT-PCR. CRC cells were treated with or without anti-p57-siRNA prior to the addition of pre- miR-221 or anti-miR-221. The mRNA and protein levels of CDKNIC/p57 were examined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The CDKNIC/p57 3＇-UTR fragment was amplified using PCR from the genomic DNA of human colon cells and inserted into a luciferase reporter construct. The reporter construct was then transfected into CRC cells together with pre-miR-221 or anti-miR-221, and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was examined. Results： MiR-221 expression was significantly up-regulated in 90% of CRC samples compared to that in the adjacent non-tumorous tissue, and the expression level was positively correlated to an advanced TNM stage and local invasion. There was no significant dif- ference in CDKN1C/p57 mRNA expression between CRC and corresponding non-tumorous tissues, whereas CDKN1C/p57 pro- tein expression was markedly decreased in the CRC samples. A significant inverse correlation between miR-221 and CDKN1C/p57 expression was found in CRC cells. Moreover, a miR-221-specific inhibitor significantly increased CDKN1C/p57 protein expression in CRC cells. Anti-miR-221 markedly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. This inhibitory effect was abolished by pretreatment with anti-p57-siRNA, suggesting that the inhibition was mediated by CDKN1C/p57. A significant increase of the luciferase activity was observed in CRC cells co-transfected with the luciferase reporter construct and anti-miR-221. Conclusion： MiR-221 binds to the target site in the 3＇-UTR of the CDKN1C/p57 mRNA to inhibit CDKNIC/p57 expression by post- transcriptional gene silencing to promote CRC occurrence and progress, therefore serving as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Objective： To report on three patients with paraquat （PQ） intoxication surviving after combined therapy with hemoperfusion （HP）, cyclophosphamide （CTX）, and glucocorticoid. Methods： Three patients suffered acute renal failure in a few days after ingesting a lethal amount of PQ. Chest computed tomography （CT） scans revealed obvious pulmonary inflammation, pleural effusion, and fibrous lesions several days after ingestion. HP was performed immediately, followed by large doses of glucocorticoid （methylprednisolone, 500 g/d） and CTX （approximately 4 g）. Results： After 50 d of treatments, all three patients were discharged in healthy condition, with chest CT showing small fibrous lesions, exuda- tion, and both lungs clear of auscultation. Conclusions： The protective effect of the lungs may have been due to timely treatment at adequate doses.

Aim： To establish a population pharmacokinetics （PPK） model of levetiracetam in Chinese children with epilepsy. Methods： A total of 418 samples from 361 epileptic children in Peking University First Hospital were analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups： the PPK model group （n=311） and the PPK validation group （n=50）. Levetiracetam concentrations were determined by HPLC. The PPK model of levetiracetam was established using NONMEM, according to a one-compartment model with firstorder absorption and elimination. To validate the model, the mean prediction error （MPE）, mean squared prediction error （MSPE）, root mean-squared prediction error （RMSPE）, weight residues （WRES）, and the 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） were calculated. Results： A regression equation of the basic model of levetiracetam was obtained, with clearance （CL/F）=O.988 L/h, volume of distribution （V/F）=12.3 L, and Ka=1.95 h-1. The final model was as follows： Ka=1.56 h-1, V/F=12.1 （L）, CL/F=1.04x（WEIG/25）63 （L/h）. For the basic model, the MPE, MSPE, RMSPE, WRES, and the 95%Cl were 9.834 （-0.587-197.720）, 50.919 （0.012-1286.429）, 1.680 （0.021-34.184）, and 0.0621 （-1.100-1.980）. For the final model, the MPE, MSPE, RMSPE, WRES, and the 95% Cl were 0.199 （-0.369-0.563）, 0.002082 （0.00001-0.01054）, 0.0293 （0.001-0.110）, and 0.153 （-0.030-1.950）. Conclusion： A one-compartment model with firstrder absorption adequately described the levetiracetam concentrations. Body weight was identified as a significant covariate for levetiracetam clearance in this study. This model will be valuable to facilitate individualized dosage regimens.