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In order to examine the flow state of the steel–slag interface in a thin slab mold at high casting speed, a flexible thin slab casting mold and a novel five-hole nozzle were investigated. The maximum velocity and fluctuation height of the steel–slag interface in the mold served as the evaluation criteria. Numerical simulation techniques, including large eddy simulation and volume of fluid, were employed to develop a two-phase flow model of liquid steel and slag. This model facilitated the analysis of the fluctuation behavior of the steel–slag interface and the mechanisms of slag entrapment. The results indicated that maintaining the stability of the steel–slag interface could be achieved by ensuring that the maximum velocity did not exceed 0.30 m s −1 or that the wave height remained below 30 mm. The relationship between the maximum velocity and wave height of the steel–slag interface was established by analyzing different casting speeds. Slag entrapment occurred when the maximum velocity exceeded the critical value. The critical velocity for shear slag entrapment was 0.485 m s −1 , while for vortex slag entrapment, it was when the velocity of the swirl center reached 0.235 m s −1 . Electromagnetic braking proved effective in controlling flow in the mold, reducing fluctuations in the steel–slag interface, preventing slag entrapment, and maintaining the position of the interface. Furthermore, it facilitated the control of the uniformity and stability of slag movement along the outer wall of the submerged entry nozzle and the copper wall of the mold.

Two kinds of chitosan derivatives are made by adopting Schiff alkaline method and amino protonation method to modify the amino in chitosan. Deprotection to amino is conducted under the condition of both acidity and alkalinity. It turns out that these two kinds of methods can both be protective to amino in chitosan. And deprotection contributes to more convenience. Impurities brought by chitosan modified products made out of Schiff alkalinity method are lot. By means of deprotection, output of products is higher. Compared with Schiff Alkalinity method, the impurities brought by modified products made out of amino protonation method are lesser with a comparatively low productivity.

Sepsis is a severe and progressive disease characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). CD40 serves as a vital link between immune response and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the potential association between a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CD40 (rs1883832) and susceptibility to sepsis. We first performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism and sepsis. CD40 mRNA expression and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients and healthy controls. The plasma sCD40L levels in the two groups were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the frequencies of the TT genotype and the CD40 rs1883832 T allele were significantly higher in sepsis patients than in healthy controls. Plasma sCD40L levels were also significantly increased in sepsis patients. In addition, TT genotype carriers among sepsis patients displayed the highest CD40 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, accompanied by the highest plasma sCD40L concentrations. In conclusion, the CD40 rs1883832 T allele acts as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to sepsis and may be involved in the process of sepsis through regulation of CD40 expression and plasma sCD40L levels.

Epidemics caused by pathogens in recent years have created an urgent need for energetic biocidal agents with the capacity of detonation and releasing bactericides. Herein we present a new type of energetic biocidal agents based on a series of iodine-rich molecular perovskites, (H 2 dabco)M(IO 4 ) 3 (dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M = Na + /K + /Rb + /NH 4 + for DAI-1/2/3/4) and (H 2 dabco)Na(H 4 IO 6 ) 3 (DAI-X1). These compounds possess a cubic perovskite structure, and notably have not only high iodine contents (49–54 wt%), but also high performance in detonation velocity (6.331–6.558 km s −1 ) and detonation pressure (30.69–30.88 GPa). In particular, DAI-4 has a very high iodine content of 54.0 wt% and simultaneously an exceptional detonation velocity up to 6.558 km s −1 . As disclosed by laser scanning confocal microscopy observation and a standard micro-broth dilution method, the detonation products of DAI-4 exhibit a broad-spectrum bactericidal effect against bacteria ( E. coli, S. aureus , and P. aeruginosa ). The advantages of easy scale-up synthesis, low cost, high detonation performance, and high iodine contents enable these periodate-based molecular perovskites to be highly promising candidates for energetic biocidal agents.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-sporulating, motile with single polar flagellum, rod-shaped, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacterium, named M4U5P12T, was isolated from a shoot of Kalidium cuspidatum, Inner Mongolia, China. Strain M4U5P12T grew at pH 6.0–11.0 (optimum 7.5), 4–40 °C (optimum 25 °C), and in the presence of 0–15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4%). Positive for catalase, urease, methyl red (M.R.) reaction, and hydrolysis of starch; and negative for oxidase, Voges–Proskauer (V–P) test, and hydrolysis of cellulose. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the whole genome sequences both revealed that it clustered with Marinilactibacillus piezotolerans JCM 12337T (99.3%) and Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans M13-2T (99.1%). The dDDH and ANIb values of strain M4U5P12T to M. piezotolerans DSM 16108T and M. psychrotolerans M13-2T were 19.3 and 18.9%, and 74.3 and 74.0%, respectively. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω9c, C16:1ω9c, and C15:1ω5c. The genomic DNA G + C content was 37.3%. On the basis of physiological, phenotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain M4U5P12T should be classified as a novel species. Therefore, Marinilactibacillus kalidii sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is M4U5P12T (= CGMCC 1.17696T = KCTC 43247T).

Adsorption of plasma proteins to nanomaterial surfaces has a great influence on their bio-functionality. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between the functional proteins in the protein corona and the biological identity of the materials. Here we show that the in situ generated thrombin in the protein corona of a Ca-zeolite surface displays a calcium-dependent, unusually high （-3,000 NIH U/mg） procoagulant activity, which is even stable against antithrombin deactivation. Removing the encapsulated Ca^2＋ in the zeolites leads to deactivation by antithrombin. Our observations suggest that the thrombin activity can be regulated by the inorganic surface and cations. Most importantly, our discovery indicates the link between the biomolecules in the protein corona and the procoagulant activity of the materials, providing a new molecular basis for the procoagulant mechanism for zeolite hemostatics.