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Time-restricted eating (TRE) manages weight effectively, but choosing how long and what time window remain debatable. Although an 8:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. time frame is reported to show positive results in most weight loss trial, its safety and efficacy in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is uncertain. This randomized controlled trial is conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TRE in specific populations. This study aims to assess the 6-month effects of TRE on weight change, metabolic improvement, reproductive recovery, and health-related quality of life in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), compared to those who did not receive TRE. This randomized controlled trial will enroll 96 overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), who will be randomly assigned to either a TRE group (with an eating window from 8:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m.) or a control group (without eating time restrictions), with 49 participants in each group. Evaluators and data analysts will remain blinded to group allocation throughout the study. The primary outcomes, including changes in weight and body mass index (BMI), will be assessed weekly. Secondary outcomes, encompassing alterations in sex hormones, metabolic parameters, body composition, sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety, and depression, will be evaluated monthly. Compliance and safety will be continuously monitored throughout the study. Additionally, a 6-month follow-up will be conducted at the end of the trial to assess the long-term effects of TRE. Statistical analysis will include the Anderson-Darling test for normality, T-test/Wilcoxon test based on distribution, mixed-effects models for assessing time/group effects, Cox model for time-to-event analysis, repeated ANOVA for change analysis, and sensitivity analysis. All tests will be conducted using appropriate software, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Missing data will be imputed. The purpose of this study protocol is to further evaluate the effects of TRE in overweight and obese women with PCOS through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Findings from this study are expected to provide new dietary intervention strategies for overweight and obese PCOS participants. This study has received ethics approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of South China (Number: NHHL027). Participants are included after signing informed consent. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Trail registration number: ChiCTR2400086815.

Objective This systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence and develop evidence-based recommendations regarding time-restricted eating (TRE) for weight management in adults with overweight and obesity, addressing a gap in specific clinical guidelines. Methods We conducted a systematic search of nine databases and six websites for relevant literature up to September 2024. Included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical guidelines, expert consensus statements, and systematic reviews focusing on TRE in the target population. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment using standardized tools (e.g., AMSTAR 2, AGREE II, JBI checklists). Evidence was synthesized thematically, and recommendations were graded using the JBI framework. Results The search identified 5535 records. After screening, 25 articles were included: five guidelines, three expert consensuses, eight systematic reviews, and nine RCTs. The synthesis yielded 39 key evidence points across six domains: applicable populations, intervention protocols, dietary considerations, psychological and sleep effects, efficacy, and safety. The synthesized evidence suggests that TRE can induce significant weight loss and improve cardiometabolic parameters (e.g., blood glucose and lipid profiles) in the short to medium term. While heterogeneity exists across individual studies, this review identifies key factors (e.g., eating window protocols, adherence) that may influence outcomes and provides a framework for clinical decision-making. Conclusions TRE represents a promising dietary intervention for adults with overweight and obesity. This review provides a structured evidence summary and practical recommendations to guide its clinical application. Future research should focus on the long-term efficacy, sustainability, and impact of TRE on hard clinical endpoints. Level of evidence Level I, systematic review.

IntroductionWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to give birth to large for gestational age (LGA) infants, due to abnormalities in glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Although previous studies have explored the risk factors for LGA delivery in GDM women, the results are quite different and still lack of unified understanding.ObjectiveTo explore the elements linked to LGA delivery in GDM women, and thus provide a reference for medical staff to formulate relevant clinical interventions.Methods and analysisSystematic search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, OVID and CINAHL) will be undertaken between the inception of the database to 1 August 2024. Quantitative studies published in English and focused on the risk factors for LGA delivery in GDM women will be included. Two researchers will independently screen the literature and any disagreements will be resolved by a third-party researcher. Joanna Briggs’s Institutional Critical Appraisal Tools will be used for the quality assessment of included studies. RevMan V.5.4 software will be used for data processing and summarising. To ensure the reliability and stability of the results, Q test and I2 test will be used to identify the heterogeneity between studies, while subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed based on study quality.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis will be based on published literature, and the findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at major conferences focused on clinical nursing.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024559013.

Background Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes after childbirth. However, studies on the impact of dietary factors on the postpartum endocrine metabolism of women with prior GDM, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain relatively limited. This study aims to investigate the association and underlying pathways between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in women with prior GDM, and to help identify high-risk populations. Methods The sample included 788 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to examine the correlation of DII with diabetes and adiposity indices, such as body mass index (BMI) and relative fat mass (RFM) in participants with prior GDM. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the effects of adiposity indices as potential mediators between DII and diabetes. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the 26 dietary components of the DII on adiposity indices and the occurrence of diabetes in participants with prior GDM. Results Among participants with prior GDM, higher DII scores were associated with the occurrence of diabetes after variable adjustment. Mediation analysis disclosed that adiposity indices mediated a substantial portion of the relationship between DII and diabetes, with BMI (12.19%) and RFM (11.84%) showing significant mediating effects. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that different dietary components exhibited varying degrees of correlation with adiposity indices and diabetes among participants with prior GDM. Conclusions Higher DII scores were associated with the occurrence of diabetes in women with prior GDM, partly mediated by adiposity indices, emphasizing the role of diet in diabetes risk. Additionally, the findings suggested that these adiposity indices should be more broadly utilized to improve early diabetes prevention and treatment strategies among women with prior GDM. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

IntroductionWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience various metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and psychosocial manifestations. Lifestyle modification is crucial for the management of PCOS to reduce long-term complications. Nonetheless, the efficacy and acceptability of lifestyle interventions differs, and there are no uniform methods of clinical application. Hence, a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) are needed to explore the efficacy and acceptability of lifestyle interventions to inform clinical practice.Methods and analysisTen databases (Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Specialised Register, Cochrane Register of Studies Online, PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), PsycINFO, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, and Sinomed) and four clinical trial registry platforms will be searched to identify literature published in English or Chinese reporting results of randomised clinical trials conducted to evaluate the effects of lifestyle interventions for women with PCOS. The reference lists of the included studies will be manually searched. Primary outcomes will include biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism, recruitment and retention rates. Secondary outcomes will encompass menstrual regularity, ovulation, anthropometry and quality of life. Literature selection and extraction of data will be performed independently by at least two researchers. An NMA random-effects model will be implemented for amalgamating evidence. All treatments will be ranked based on the value of p. OpenBUGS will be used for Bayesian modelling, with output verifications generated in Stata and R. The quality of evidence supporting network estimates of major outcomes will also be appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review as no data will be collected from human participants. Results will be presented in a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024499819