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Who put the cookies in the cookie jar?
\"It's easy to take a cookie out of the cookie jar: just reach in. But how does it get in there in the first place? It's more complicated than you might think. Someone has to milk the cow, grow the wheat, harvest the sugar cane--everyone has a special job to do to make that cookie possible.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Why Not Just Ask the Resident? Refinement of a Preference Assessment Tool for Nursing Homes
This research evaluated a draft preference assessment tool (draft-PAT) designed to replace the current Customary Routine section of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for nursing homes. The draft-PAT was tested with a sample of nursing home residents to evaluate survey-level administration time and noncompletion rates, as well as item-level nonresponse rates, response distributions, and test-retest reliability. Modifications to the draft-PAT were then re-tested with a subsample of residents. Completion times were brief (generally less than 10 minutes), and only a small percentage of residents were unable to complete the interview. Item-level nonresponse rates were low for the draft-PAT (0% to 8%) and even lower during retesting for items advanced to the national field trial (0% to 4%). Item response distributions indicated reasonable use of all options across both testing occasions, and item-level test-retest reliability was high. This study found that nursing home residents can reliably report their preferences. Eighteen items from the modified draft-PAT were advanced to the national field trial of the MDS 3.0. Inclusion of the PAT in the MDS revision underscores increased emphasis on including residents' voice in the assessment process.
Journal Article
Tomorrow's alphabet
Provides a challenge for children who know the alphabet well enough to play with it, and create an alphabet where all they have to do is think ahead.
Book
Removal of Metallic Iron on Oxide Slags
It is possible, in some cases, for ground coal particles to react with gasifier gas during combustion, allowing the ash material in the coal to form phases besides the expected slag phase. One of these phases is metallic iron, because some gasifiers are designed to operate under a reducing atmosphere (
of approximately 10
−4
atm). Metallic iron can become entrained in the gas stream and deposit on, and foul, downstream equipment. To improve the understanding of the reaction between different metallic iron particles and gas, which eventually oxidizes them, and the slag that the resulting oxide dissolves in, the kinetics of iron reaction on slag were predicted using gas-phase mass-transfer limitations for the reaction and were compared with diffusion in the slag; the reaction itself was observed under confocal scanning laser microscopy. The expected rates for iron droplet removal are provided based on the size and effective partial pressure of oxygen, and it is found that decarburization occurs before iron reaction, leading to an extra 30- to 100-second delay for carbon-saturated particles
vs
pure iron particles. A pure metallic iron particle of 0.5 mg should be removed in about 220 seconds at 1400 °C and in 160 seconds at 1600 °C.
Journal Article
One family
In this story that introduces numbered groups from one to ten, we realize that families can be many things.
Book
Racial and Ethnic Difference in Music Performance Self-Efficacy among Undergraduate Students
Musical self-efficacy is an area that has been studied in areas such as music performance (McCormick & McPherson, 2000; Zelenak, 2011) and music achievement (Zelenak, 2019). McPherson and McCormick (2006) conclude that the relationship between music self-efficacy and music performance is significant. With this understanding, the present study will determine if there is a significant difference by race or ethnicity in music performance self-efficacy among undergraduate students. Researchers have long reported the need for additional racially diverse studies in educational research with newer studies needed in music. Using the Music Performance Self-Efficacy Scale (MPSES), African-American, Caucasian, and Mixed responded to a series of questions about their self-efficacy for music performance. Participants also completed the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES), indicating their self-efficacy for academic-related tasks and behaviors. Finally, basic demographic information was collected and used as categories to analyze the data. A MANOVA revealed a significant (p < .001) difference in the MPSES by race but not ethnicity. Pearson’s r showed the strongest correlation between the CASES and Vicarious Experiences on the MPSES. The multiple regression showed that “race” was the most significant predictor of one’s score on the MPSES, followed by “Years of Private Instruction.” The data suggest that African-American undergraduate students have a lower degree of self-efficacy for music performance than their peers, which may be due to systemic educational issues, such as equal opportunity and equitability of resources.
Dissertation
Using Interagency Collaboration to Serve Older Adults With Chronic Care Needs: The Care Advocate Program
This article describes the Care Advocate Program, an interagency collaborative effort that involved health care organizations, social service agencies, and an academic research center to improve chronic care service delivery to older adults. The article discusses existing barriers to effective chronic care delivery as well as concepts for successful collaboration. The article describes the multiple and often competing demands of stakeholders who undertake collaborative projects. It concludes with lessons learned when partners from different settings work together to design and implement a demonstration program.
Journal Article
Cognition-Based Approaches for High-Precision Text Mining
This research improves the precision of information extraction from free-form text via the use of cognitive-based approaches to natural language processing (NLP). Cognitive-based approaches are an important, and relatively new, area of research in NLP and search, as well as linguistics. Cognitive approaches enable significant improvements in both the breadth and depth of knowledge extracted from text. This research has made contributions in the areas of a cognitive approach to automated concept recognition in. Cognitive approaches to search, also called concept-based search, have been shown to improve search precision. Given the tremendous amount of electronic text generated in our digital and connected world, cognitive approaches enable substantial opportunities in knowledge discovery. The generation and storage of electronic text is ubiquitous, hence opportunities for improved knowledge discovery span virtually all knowledge domains. While cognition-based search offers superior approaches, challenges exist due to the need to mimic, even in the most rudimentary way, the extraordinary powers of human cognition. This research addresses these challenges in the key area of a cognition-based approach to automated concept recognition. In addition it resulted in a semantic processing system framework for use in applications in any knowledge domain. Confabulation theory was applied to the problem of automated concept recognition. This is a relatively new theory of cognition using a non-Bayesian measure, called cogency, for predicting the results of human cognition. An innovative distance measure derived from cogent confabulation and called inverse cogency, to rank order candidate concepts during the recognition process. When used with a multilayer perceptron, it improved the precision of concept recognition by 5% over published benchmarks. Additional precision improvements are anticipated. These research steps build a foundation for cognition-based, high-precision text mining. Long-term it is anticipated that this foundation enables a cognitive-based approach to automated ontology learning. Such automated ontology learning will mimic human language cognition, and will, in turn, enable the practical use of cognitive-based approaches in virtually any knowledge domain.
Dissertation
The sorption equilibrium coefficient of tetrachloroethene related to lithocomponent distribution and lithofacies of the Borden aquifer, Canadian Armed Forces Base Borden, Ontario, Canada
Sorption is an important variable for modeling contaminant fate and transport, and is examined in this study as the tetrachloroethene (PCE) sorption equilibrium coefficient (Kd). Sorption of hydrophobic and moderately hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) occurs in the presence of sediments containing fractions of organic carbon (FOC), such as humic and fulvic acids, kerogen, soot, and charcoal. Sedimentary aquifers are comprised of lithologic components (lithocomponents) originating from source rocks of different geologic histories and chemical compositions. Sedimentary lithocomponents containing carbon cause HOC sorption and subsequent contaminant plume retardation within aquifers. This study tests a method for modeling PCE Kd using a grain scale analysis of lithocomponents and relating Kd to specific lithofacies of the Borden aquifer. This study is important because it shows that the distribution of specific lithocomponents affects aquifer chemical heterogeneity, and that lithocomponent characterization can be used to model PCE sorption spatial heterogeneity. This study resolves that very dark calcareous lithocomponents are the most significant lithocomponents contributing to increased PCE Kd within the Borden aquifer and cause aquifer sorption heterogeneity. Sorption within vertical cores was predicted by determining the Kd of individual lithocomponents and cataloging the mass fraction distribution of those lithocomponents in continuously sampled vertical cores. Kd predictions were compared to the measured values of those samples. Sorption heterogeneity of the Borden aquifer is related to the distribution of dark and very dark calcareous, and shale grains that contain fractions of organic carbon greater than 0.1%. Using a lithofacies based approach in conjunction with lithocomponents characterization resolves sorption heterogeneity at the field scale. HOC aquifer sorption heterogeneity was resolved using a lithofacies based approach using a hierarchical classification system.
Dissertation
Why not just ask the resident?
This research evaluated a draft preference assessment tool (draft-PAT) designed to replace the current Customary Routine section of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for nursing homes. The draft-PAT was tested with a sample of nursing home residents to evaluate survey-level administration time and noncompletion rates, as well as item-level nonresponse rates, response distributions, and test-retest reliability. Modifications to the draft-PAT were then retested with a subsample of residents. Completion times were brief (generally less than 10 minutes), and only a small percentage of residents were unable to complete the interview. Item-level nonresponse rates were low for the draft-PAT (0% to 8%) and even lower during retesting for items advanced to the national field trial (0% to 4%). Item response distributions indicated reasonable use of all options across both testing occasions, and item-level test-retest reliability was high. This study found that nursing home residents can reliably report their preferences. Eighteen items from the modified draft-PAT were advanced to the national field trial of the MDS 3.0. Inclusion of the PAT in the MDS revision underscores increased emphasis on including residents' voice in the assessment process.
Journal Article