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"Shao, Jing"
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Mixed-Dimensional Assembly Strategy to Construct Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Foams Heterostructures for Microwave Absorption, Anti-Corrosion and Thermal Insulation
HighlightsReduced graphene oxide/carbon foams (RGO/CFs) vdWs heterostructures are efficiently fabricated via a simple mixed-dimensional assembly strategy.Linkage effect of optimized impedance matching and enhanced dielectric loss abilities endows the excellent microwave absorption performances of RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures.Multiple functions such as good corrosion resistance performances and outstanding thermal insulation capabilities can be integrated into RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures.Considering the serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution problems and complex application condition, there is a pressing need to amalgamate multiple functionalities within a single substance. However, the effective integration of diverse functions into designed EMW absorption materials still faces the huge challenges. Herein, reduced graphene oxide/carbon foams (RGO/CFs) with two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures were meticulously engineered and synthesized utilizing an efficient methodology involving freeze-drying, immersing absorption, secondary freeze-drying, followed by carbonization treatment. Thanks to their excellent linkage effect of amplified dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching, the designed 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures demonstrated commendable EMW absorption performances, achieving a broad absorption bandwidth of 6.2 GHz and a reflection loss of − 50.58 dB with the low matching thicknesses. Furthermore, the obtained 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures also displayed the significant radar stealth properties, good corrosion resistance performances as well as outstanding thermal insulation capabilities, displaying the great potential in complex and variable environments. Accordingly, this work not only demonstrated a straightforward method for fabricating 2D/3D vdWs heterostructures, but also outlined a powerful mixed-dimensional assembly strategy for engineering multifunctional foams for electromagnetic protection, aerospace and other complex conditions.
Journal Article
Single-cell Transcriptome Profiling reveals Dermal and Epithelial cell fate decisions during Embryonic Hair Follicle Development
It is estimated that 50% of men and 25% of women worldwide suffer from hair loss, and therefore it is of great significance to investigate the molecular pathways driving hair follicle de novo morphogenesis. However, due to high cellular heterogeneity and the asynchronous development of hair follicles, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in follicle development remains limited.
Single-cell suspensions from the dorsal skin of E13.5 (induction stage), E16.5 (organogenesis) fetal mice, and newborn mice (cytodifferentiation stage, postnatal day 0, P0) were prepared for unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing. To delineate the single-cell transcriptional landscape during hair follicle de novo morphogenesis, we performed t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE), pseudotime cell trajectory inference, and regulon enrichment analysis to dissect cellular heterogeneity and reveal the molecular pathways underlying major cell type cell fate decisions. To validate our analysis, we further performed immunohistochemistry analysis of the key molecules involved during hair follicle morphogenesis. Meanwhile, intercellular communication between different cell populations was inferred based on a priori knowledge of ligand-receptor pairs.
Based on tSNE analysis, we identified 14 cell clusters from skin tissue and delineated their cellular identity from specific gene expression profiles. By using pseudotime ordering analysis, we successfully constructed the epithelium/dermal cell lineage differentiation trajectory. For dermal cell lineage, our analysis here recapitulated the dynamic gene expression profiles during dermal condensate (DC) cell fate commitment and delineated the heterogeneity of the different dermal papilla (DP) cell populations during in utero hair follicle development. For the epithelium cell lineage, our analysis revealed the dynamic gene expression profiles of the underappreciated matrix, interfollicular epidermis (IFE), hair shaft and inner root sheath (IRS) cell populations. Furthermore, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering analysis revealed key regulons during cell fate decisions. Finally, intercellular communication analysis demonstrated that strong intercellular communication was involved during early hair follicle development.
Our findings here provide a molecular landscape during hair follicle epithelium/dermal cell lineage fate decisions, and recapitulate the sequential activation of core regulatory transcriptional factors (TFs) in different cell populations during hair follicle morphogenesis. More importantly, our study here represents a valuable resource for understanding the molecular pathways involved during hair follicle de novo morphogenesis, which will have implications for future hair loss treatments.
Journal Article
Tackling activity-stability paradox of reconstructed NiIrOx electrocatalysts by bridged W-O moiety
One challenge remaining in the development of Ir-based electrocatalyst is the activity-stability paradox during acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially for the surface reconstructed IrO
x
catalyst with high efficiency. To address this, a phase selective Ir-based electrocatalyst is constructed by forming bridged W-O moiety in NiIrO
x
electrocatalyst. Through an electrochemical dealloying process, an nano-porous structure with surface-hydroxylated rutile NiWIrO
x
electrocatalyst is engineered via Ni as a sacrificial element. Despite low Ir content, NiWIrO
x
demonstrates a minimal overpotential of 180 mV for the OER at 10 mA·cm
−2
. It maintains a stable 300 mA·cm
−2
current density during an approximately 300 h OER at 1.8 V
RHE
and shows a stability number of 3.9 × 10
5
n
oxygen
· n
Ir
−1
. The resulting W – O–Ir bridging motif proves pivotal for enhancing the efficacy of OER catalysis by facilitating deprotonation of OER intermediates and promoting a thermodynamically favorable dual-site adsorbent evolution mechanism. Besides, the phase selective insertion of W-O in NiIrO
x
enabling charge balance through the W-O-Ir bridging motif, effectively counteracting lattice oxygen loss by regulating Ir-O co-valency.
One challenge remaining in the electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis is the activity-stability paradox. Here, the authors report a facile approach to tackle the challenge by introducing a bridged W-O moiety in NiIrO
x
electrocatalyst, enhancing the efficacy and stability simultaneously.
Journal Article
Inhibition of M2-like macrophages by all-trans retinoic acid prevents cancer initiation and stemness in osteosarcoma cells
Emerging evidence indicates that M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) directly participate in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. However, to date, few studies have investigated novel strategies for inhibiting TAMs in order to overcome osteosarcoma. In this study, we reported that M2 macrophages were enriched in osteosarcoma tissues from patients, and M2-polarized TAMs enhanced cancer initiation and stemness of osteosarcoma cells, thereby establishing M2-polarized TAMs as a therapeutic target for blocking osteosarcoma formation. We also found that all-
trans
retinoic acid (ATRA) weakened TAM-induced osteosarcoma tumor formation by inhibiting M2 polarization of TAMs in vivo, and inhibited the colony formation, as well as sphere-formation capacity of osteosarcoma cells promoted by M2-type macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, M2-type macrophages enhanced cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties as assessed by increasing the numbers of CD117
+
Stro-1
+
cells accompanied by the upregulation of CSC markers (CD133, CXCR4, Nanog, and Oct4), which could clearly be reduced by ATRA. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated the role of M2-polarized TAMs in osteosarcoma initiation and stemness by activating CSCs, and indicated that ATRA treatment is a promising approach for treating osteosarcoma by preventing M2 polarization of TAMs.
Journal Article
Comprehensive profile of differentially expressed circular RNAs reveals that hsa_circ_0000069 is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer
Nowadays, despite great progress in cancer research, the detailed mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new star of the non-coding RNA network, have been identified as critical regulators in various cancers, including CRC.
In this study, by using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis, a novel dysregulated circRNA, hsa_circ_0000069, was found. The expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was measured in 30 paired CRC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A high expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was observed in CRC tissues and correlated with patients' age and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage (
<0.05). Furthermore, by using specifically designed siRNAs in CRC cells, a functional analysis was performed which revealed that hsa_circ_0000069 knockdown could notably inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce G0/G1 phase arrest of cell cycle in vitro.
This study's findings are the first to demonstrate that hsa_circ_0000069, an important regulator in cancer progression, could be a promising target in the diagnosis and therapy in colorectal cancer.
Journal Article
The In Vivo Existence Forms of Engeletin and Their Anti-Hyperuricemia Activity
Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used for hyperuricemia. Engeletin, one of its major flavonoids, exhibits various pharmacological activities, but its in vivo uric acid-lowering activity and metabolic processes remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the in vivo existence forms of engeletin and the pharmacological basis underlying its uric acid-lowering effects. The in vivo metabolites of engeletin were identified by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was investigated using in vitro enzymatic assays. The in vivo uric acid-lowering effect was evaluated in hyperuricemic mice. A total of 11, 34, 7, 6, and 5 compounds were detected in urine, feces, serum, liver, and kidney samples, respectively. After removing duplicates, 52 compounds were preliminarily identified as in vivo existence forms of engeletin. The main metabolic reaction types were glucuronidation, sulfation, and hydrolysis. Engeletin exhibited no xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro but possessed uric acid-lowering activity in vivo. Neoisoastilbin and naringenin were metabolites with both xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid-lowering activity. The in vivo uric acid-lowering activity of engeletin may be attributable to its two metabolites rather than itself. This study elucidated the pharmacological basis of engeletin and laid the foundation for developing potential therapeutics for hyperuricemia.
Journal Article
Stakeholders’ perspective on strategies to promote contaminated site remediation and brownfield redevelopment in developing countries: empirical evidence from Pakistan
Due to the potential of reducing negative outcomes of brownfields on environment and contribution to urban sustainability, brownfield redevelopment (BR) gained considerable recognition in the more recent era. Comprehensive literature shows that many studies proposed strategies to promote BR in developed nations; however, studies focusing on developing economies are scarce. Therefore, this study intends to identify significant strategies to promote BR in developing countries by taking the case of Pakistan. A comprehensive literature review and expert opinion were commenced to identify potential strategies. Data were collected from the main stakeholders involved in BR process through an empirical questionnaire. The findings revealed that “Low-interest loans and subsidies with the collaboration of government and financial institutions,” “Standardized definition, guidelines, and simplified brownfield process,” “Development of technical and infrastructure support,” “Create investors interest,” “Strengthening remediation technologies R&D” were the five most important strategies to promote BR in Pakistan. Theoretically, the novelty of the current study is to highlight the key strategies to promote BR in developing countries. Practically, the study facilitates governments, urban policymakers, environmentalists, and stakeholders to propose and implement appropriate strategies for promoting BR. Future studies can consider modeling the interactions between strategies and their impact on BR adoption.
Journal Article
Performance Analysis of Artificial Neural Network and Its Optimized Models on Compressive Strength Prediction of Recycled Cement Mortar
In the background of sustainable development in the construction industry, recycled cement mortar (RCM) has emerged as a research hotspot due to its eco-friendly features, where mechanical properties serve as critical indicators for evaluating its engineering applicability. This study proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized by intelligent algorithms, including the GWO (grey wolf optimizer), PSO (particle swarm optimization), and a GA (genetic algorithm), to predict the compressive strength of recycled mortar. By integrating experimental and prediction data, we establish a comprehensive database with eight input variables, including the water–cement ratio (W/C), cement–sand ratio (C/S), fly ash content (FA), aggregate replacement rate (ARR), and curing age. The predictive performance of neural network models with different database sizes (database 1: experimental data of RCM; database 2: experimental data of RCM and ordinary mortar; database 3: model prediction data of RCM, experimental data of RCM, and ordinary mortar) is analyzed. The results show that the intelligent optimization algorithms significantly enhance the predictive performance of the ANN model. Among them, the PSO-ANN model demonstrates optimal performance, with R2 = 0.92, MSE = 0.007, and MAE = 0.0632, followed by the GA-ANN model and the GWO-ANN model. SHAP analysis reveals that the W/C, C/S, and curing age are the key variables influencing the compression strength. Furthermore, the size of the dataset does not significantly influence the computation time for the above models but is primarily governed by the complexity of the optimization algorithms. This study provides an efficient data-driven method for the mix design of RCM and a theoretical support for its engineering applications.
Journal Article