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Chiral surface is a critical mediator that significantly impacts interaction with biological systems on regulating cell behavior. To better understand how the properties of interfacial Chirality affect cell behavior and address the limitations of chiral materials for biomedical applications, in this review, we mainly focus on the recent developments of chiral bio-interfaces for the controllable and accurate guidance of chiral biomedical phenomena. In particular, we will discuss how cells or organisms sense and respond to the chiral stimulus, as well as the chirality mediating cell fate, tissue repair, and organism immune response will be reviewed. In addition, the biological applications of chirality, such as drug delivery, antibacterial, antivirus and antitumor activities, and biological signal detection, will also be reviewed. Finally, the challenges of chiral bio-interfaces for controlling biological response and the further application of interface chirality materials for biomedical will be discussed.

This study employed dual-azimuth scanning MAX-DOAS to monitor vertical column densities of NO2 and HCHO in Shanghai during the summer and winter of 2023, and compared the results with Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data. Dual-azimuth scanning revealed a generally consistent trend in gas concentrations (r > 0.95), but concentrations at 90° were higher than those at 0°, especially near the surface. This suggests that averaging multiple azimuth angles is necessary to better represent regional pollution levels. During the observation period, diurnal patterns revealed that NO2 exhibited a “double peak” in the morning and evening, which was more pronounced in the summer, while HCHO peaked between 13:00 and 15:00. Comparisons with the TROPOMI data demonstrated overall good agreement. However, the probability of TROPOMI’s NO2 and HCHO measurements being lower than those of MAX-DOAS was 80% and 62.5%, respectively. Furthermore, TROPOMI tended to overestimate at high concentrations, with overestimation reaching 41.14% for NO2 when exceeding 9.54 × 1015 molecules/cm2 and 25.93% for HCHO when exceeding 1.26 × 1016 molecules/cm2. Sensitivity analysis of the sampling distance (0–40 km) between TROPOMI samples and the ground-based site, and the sampling time (±5 to ±60 min) relative to the TROPOMI overpass, revealed that using a sampling distance of 15–25 km for NO2 and 10–20 km for HCHO, along with appropriately shortening sampling times in the winter and extending them in the summer, can effectively enhance the consistency between satellite and ground-based observations. These findings not only reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of regional pollutants but optimize the sampling time and distance parameters for satellite–ground observation validation, providing data support for improving and enhancing the accuracy of satellite retrieval algorithms.

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits high copper and iron uptake, making cuproptosis and ferroptosis promising therapeutic strategies. However, their efficacy is limited by TNBC's intrinsic antioxidant defences. Herein, CuFeTe2 nanosheets (CFT) with internal tumour microenvironment (TME) responsiveness and external NIR‐II mild photothermal enhancement is developed to synergistically overcome this antioxidant defences, amplifying both pathways for improved TNBC therapy. In the acidic TME, CFT releases Fe2+ and Cu2+. Cu2+ reacted with glutathione (GSH) to generate Cu+, inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), amplifying lipid peroxidation (LPO), and triggering ferroptosis. Cu⁺ also induce dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT) aggregation and disrupts iron‐sulfur (Fe–S) cluster proteins, initiating cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Fe2+ overload further reinforced ferroptosis. Both Fe2+ and Cu+ catalyze H2O2 decomposition into hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while NIR‐II photothermal effects accelerated this process, intensifying oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Moreover, ferroptosis depleted heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and reduces ATP levels, sensitizing tumor cells to cuproptosis. The synergistic activation of ferroptosis and cuproptosis ultimately induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and a potent immune response. Biodegraded CFT is efficiently excreted via renal filtration, ensuring high biocompatibility and safe clearance. This study presents a TME‐responsive, photothermal‐enhanced nanoplatform that effectively integrates ferroptosis and cuproptosis for potent antitumor therapy. Dual‐stimuli‐responsive CuFeTe2 nanosheets (CFT) induce cuproptosis/ferroptosis via TME‐responsive Fe2⁺/Cu2⁺ release and NIR‐II photothermal effects, amplifying ROS and depleting HSP70/ATP to trigger ICD and immune activation, while ensuring biocompatible renal clearance for TNBC therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between MRI findings and histological features for preoperative prediction of histological grading and Ki-67 expression level in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 ASPS patients (Jan 2017–May 2023). All patients underwent 3.0-T MRI examinations, including conventional sequences, dynamic contrast-enhanced scans with time-intensity curve analysis, and diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements. Patients were divided into low-grade (histological Grade I) and high-grade (histological Grade II/III) groups based on pathology. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess Ki-67 expression levels in ASPS. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, binary logistic regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of various observational data.ResultsThere were 29 low-grade and 34 high-grade patients (26 males and 37 females) and a wide age range (5–68 years). Distant metastasis, tumor enhancement characteristics, and ADC values were independent predictors of high-grade ASPS. High-grade ASPS had lower ADC values (p = 0.002), with an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.723, 79.4%, and 58.6%, respectively, for high-grade prediction. There was a negative correlation between ADC values and Ki-67 expression (r = −0.526; p < 0.001). When the cut-off value of ADC was 0.997 × 10−3 mm²/s, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting high Ki-67 expression were 0.805, 65.6%, and 83.9%, respectively.ConclusionQualitative and quantitative MRI parameters are valuable for predicting histological grading and Ki-67 expression levels in ASPS.Critical relevance statementThis study will help provide a more nuanced understanding of ASPS and guide personalized treatment strategies.Key PointsThere is limited research on assessing ASPS prognosis through MRI.Metastasis, enhancement, and ADC correlated with histological grade; ADC related to Ki-67 expression.MRI provides clinicians with valuable information on ASPS grading and proliferation activity.

This study employed dual-azimuth scanning MAX-DOAS to monitor vertical column densities of NO[sub.2] and HCHO in Shanghai during the summer and winter of 2023, and compared the results with Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data. Dual-azimuth scanning revealed a generally consistent trend in gas concentrations (r > 0.95), but concentrations at 90° were higher than those at 0°, especially near the surface. This suggests that averaging multiple azimuth angles is necessary to better represent regional pollution levels. During the observation period, diurnal patterns revealed that NO[sub.2] exhibited a “double peak” in the morning and evening, which was more pronounced in the summer, while HCHO peaked between 13:00 and 15:00. Comparisons with the TROPOMI data demonstrated overall good agreement. However, the probability of TROPOMI’s NO[sub.2] and HCHO measurements being lower than those of MAX-DOAS was 80% and 62.5%, respectively. Furthermore, TROPOMI tended to overestimate at high concentrations, with overestimation reaching 41.14% for NO[sub.2] when exceeding 9.54 × 10[sup.15] molecules/cm[sup.2] and 25.93% for HCHO when exceeding 1.26 × 10[sup.16] molecules/cm[sup.2] . Sensitivity analysis of the sampling distance (0–40 km) between TROPOMI samples and the ground-based site, and the sampling time (±5 to ±60 min) relative to the TROPOMI overpass, revealed that using a sampling distance of 15–25 km for NO[sub.2] and 10–20 km for HCHO, along with appropriately shortening sampling times in the winter and extending them in the summer, can effectively enhance the consistency between satellite and ground-based observations. These findings not only reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of regional pollutants but optimize the sampling time and distance parameters for satellite–ground observation validation, providing data support for improving and enhancing the accuracy of satellite retrieval algorithms.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether volumetric enhancement on baseline MRI and volumetric oil deposition on unenhanced CT would predict HCC necrosis and response post-TACE.MethodOf 115 retrospective HCC patients (173 lesions) who underwent cTACE, a subset of 53 HCC patients underwent liver transplant (LT). Semiautomatic volumetric segmentation of target lesions was performed on dual imaging to assess the accuracy of predicting tumour necrosis after TACE in the whole cohort and at pathology in the LT group. Predicted percentage tumour necrosis is defined as 100 % - (%baseline MRI enhancement - %CT oil deposition).ResultsMean predicted tumour necrosis by dual imaging modalities was 61.5 % ± 31.6%; mean percentage tumour necrosis on follow-up MRI was 63.8 % ± 31.5 %. In the LT group, mean predicted tumour necrosis by dual imaging modalities was 77.6 % ± 27.2 %; mean percentage necrosis at pathology was 78.7 % ± 31.5 %. There was a strong significant correlation between predicted tumour necrosis and volumetric necrosis on MRI follow-up (r = 0.889, p<0.001) and between predicted tumour necrosis and pathological necrosis (r = 0.871, p<0.001).ConclusionVolumetric pre-TACE enhancement on MRI and post-TACE oil deposition in CT may accurately predict necrosis in treated HCC lesions.Key Points• Imaging-based tumour response can assist in therapeutic decisions.• Lipiodol retention as carrier agent in cTACE is a tumour necrosis biomarker.• Predicting tumour necrosis with dual imaging potentially obviates immediate post-treatment MRI.• Predicting tumour necrosis would facilitate further therapeutic decisions in HCC post-cTACE.• Pre-TACE MRI and post-TACE CT predict necrosis in treated HCC.

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits high copper and iron uptake, making cuproptosis and ferroptosis promising therapeutic strategies. However, their efficacy is limited by TNBC's intrinsic antioxidant defences. Herein, CuFeTe 2 nanosheets (CFT) with internal tumour microenvironment (TME) responsiveness and external NIR‐II mild photothermal enhancement is developed to synergistically overcome this antioxidant defences, amplifying both pathways for improved TNBC therapy. In the acidic TME, CFT releases Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ . Cu 2+ reacted with glutathione (GSH) to generate Cu + , inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), amplifying lipid peroxidation (LPO), and triggering ferroptosis. Cu⁺ also induce dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT) aggregation and disrupts iron‐sulfur (Fe–S) cluster proteins, initiating cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Fe 2+ overload further reinforced ferroptosis. Both Fe 2+ and Cu + catalyze H 2 O 2 decomposition into hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while NIR‐II photothermal effects accelerated this process, intensifying oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Moreover, ferroptosis depleted heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and reduces ATP levels, sensitizing tumor cells to cuproptosis. The synergistic activation of ferroptosis and cuproptosis ultimately induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and a potent immune response. Biodegraded CFT is efficiently excreted via renal filtration, ensuring high biocompatibility and safe clearance. This study presents a TME‐responsive, photothermal‐enhanced nanoplatform that effectively integrates ferroptosis and cuproptosis for potent antitumor therapy.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on MRI in differentiating serous from mucin-producing pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).MethodsOne hundred seventeen patients with PCN measuring ≥ 10 mm were included. Three readers independently evaluated MRI with and without the use of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Logistic regression was used to analyze whether confidence scores were different with the use of different image sets. Diagnostic performance with and without ADC was compared.ResultsDWI/ADC improved confidence in 44.8%, 73.6%, and 78.2% of patients by the three readers in distinguishing serous from mucin-producing PCNs. The use of ADC increased the probability of a higher confidence in the differentiation as compared to morphological imaging for all three readers (p < 0.001). Odds ratio for increase in the diagnostic confidence with the use of ADC for the three readers with decreasing years of experience were 5.8, 6.8, and 12.7. The diagnostic accuracy of morphological MRI with ADC was higher than that without ADC for two of three readers with lesser experience (87.2% vs. 80.8%; 91.5% vs. 80.8%).ConclusionDWI may have added value as a complementary tool to conventional morphological MRI in differentiating between serous and mucin-producing PCNs with possibly greater value for readers with less experience in reading abdominal MRI.Key Points• Optimal management of PCNs requires differentiation of serous from mucin-producing PCNs.• ADC measurements allow increased confidence in differentiating serous from mucin-producing PCNs.• ADC measurements increase the accuracy in diagnosing serous versus mucin-producing PCNs.

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the accuracy of absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and normalised ADC (lesion-to-spleen ADC ratio) in differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET) from intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS).MethodsStudy included 62 patients with the diagnosis of pancreatic NET (n=51) or IPAS (n=11). Two independent reviewers measured ADC on all lesions and spleen. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to differentiate NET from IPAS was performed and compared for absolute and normalised ADC. Inter-reader reliability for the two methods was assessed.ResultsPancreatic NET had significantly higher absolute ADC (1.431x10-3 vs 0.967x10-3 mm2/s; P<0.0001) and normalised ADC (1.59 vs 1.09; P<0.0001) compared to IPAS. An ADC value of ≥1.206x10-3 mm2/s was 70.6% sensitive and 90.9% specific for the diagnosis of NET vs. IPAS. Lesion to spleen ADC ratio of ≥1.25 was 80.4% sensitive, and 81.8% specific while ratio of ≥1.29 was 74.5% sensitive and 100% specific in the differentiation. The area under the curve (AUCs) for two methods were similar (88.2% vs. 88.8%; P=0.899). Both methods demonstrated excellent inter-reader reliability with ICCs for absolute ADC and ADC ratio being 0.957 and 0.927, respectively.ConclusionBoth absolute and normalised ADC allow clinically relevant differentiation of pancreatic NET and IPAS.Key points• Imaging overlaps between IPASs and pancreatic-NETs lead to unnecessary procedures including pancreatectomy.• Uniquely low ADC of spleen allows differentiating IPASs from pancreatic NETs.• Both absolute-ADC and normalised-ADC (lesion-to-spleen ADC-ratio) demonstrate high accuracy in differentiating IPASs from NETs.• Both methods demonstrate excellent inter-reader reliability.

ObjectivesTo assess reproducibility of volume and diameter measurement of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) on MRI images.MethodsThree readers measured the diameters and volumes of 164 IPMNs on axial T2-weighted images and coronal thin-slice navigator heavily T2-weighted images using manual and semiautomatic techniques. Interobserver reproducibility and variability were assessed.ResultsInterobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the largest diameter measured using manual and semiautomatic techniques were 0.979 and 0.909 in the axial plane, and 0.969 and 0.961 in the coronal plane, respectively. Interobserver ICCs for the volume measurements were 0.973 and 0.970 in axial and coronal planes, respectively. The highest intraobserver reproducibility was noted for coronal manual measurements (ICC 0.981) followed by axial manual measurements (ICC 0.969). For the diameter measurements, Bland-Altman analysis revealed the lowest interobserver variability for manual axial measurements with an average range of 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of 0.68 cm. Axial and coronal volume measurements showed similar 95% LOA ranges (8.9 cm3 and 9.4 cm3, respectively).ConclusionsVolume and diameter measurements on axial and coronal images show good interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility. The single largest diameter measured manually on axial images showed the highest reproducibility and lowest variability. The 95% LOA may help define reproducible size changes in these lesions using measurements from different readers.Key Points• MRI measurements by different radiologists can be used for IPMN follow-up.• Both diameter and volume measurements demonstrate excellent interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility.• Manual axial measurements show the highest interobserver reproducibility in determining size.• Axial and coronal volume measurements show similar limits of agreement.• Manual axial measurements show the lowest variability in agreement range.