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Objective Current literature is deficient in robust evidence delineating the correlation between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the incidence of stroke. Consequently, this investigation seeks to elucidate the potential link between TyG-BMI and stroke risk in a cohort of middle-aged and senior Chinese individuals. Methods This study employs longitudinal data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, encompassing 8,698 participants. The CHARLS cohort was assembled using a multistage probability sampling technique. Participants underwent comprehensive evaluations through standardized questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews. Our analytic strategy involved the application of Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and the risk of stroke. To discern potential non-linear relationships, we incorporated Cox proportional hazards regression with smooth curve fitting. Additionally, we executed a battery of sensitivity and subgroup analyses to validate the robustness of our findings. Results Our study utilized a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and found a significant correlation between the TyG-BMI and the risk of stroke. Specifically, a 10-unit increase in TyG-BMI corresponded to a 4.9% heightened risk of stroke (HR = 1.049, 95% CI 1.029–1.069). The analysis also uncovered a non-linear pattern in this relationship, pinpointed by an inflection point at a TyG-BMI value of 174.63. To the left of this inflection point—meaning at lower TyG-BMI values—a 10-unit hike in TyG-BMI was linked to a more substantial 14.4% rise in stroke risk (HR 1.144; 95% CI 1.044–1.253). Conversely, to the right of the inflection point—at higher TyG-BMI values—each 10-unit increment was associated with a smaller, 3.8% increase in the risk of stroke (HR 1.038; 95% CI 1.016–1.061). Conclusions In the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, elevated TyG-BMI was significantly and positively associated with stroke risk. In addition, there was also a specific non-linear association between TyG-BMI and stroke (inflection point 174.63). Further reduction of TyG-BMI below 174.63 through lifestyle changes and dietary control can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

The association between the initial cardiac rhythm and short-term survival in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has not been extensively studied despite the fact that it is thought to be a prognostic factor in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to look at the relationship between initial shockable rhythm and survival to hospital discharge in individuals with IHCA. 1516 adults with IHCA who received chest compressions lasting at least two minutes at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2006 and 2014 made up the study population. Propensity scores were estimated using a fitted multivariate logistic regression model. Various statistical methodologies were employed to investigate the association between shockable rhythm and the probability of survival to discharge in patients experiencing IHCA, including multivariate adjustment, propensity score adjustment, propensity score matching, and logistic regression based on propensity score weighting. In the original cohort, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.312 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.515–3.531, P  < 0.001). In additional propensity score adjustment, the OR between shockable rhythm and the probability of survival to hospital discharge in IHCA patients was 2.282 (95% CI: 1.486, 3.504, P  < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model analysis revealed that patients with shockable rhythm had a 1.761-fold higher likelihood of surviving to hospital release in the propensity score-matched cohort (OR = 2.761, 95% CI: 1.084–7.028, P  = 0.033). The multivariate-adjusted OR of the inverse probability for the treatment-weighted cohort was 1.901 (95% CI: 1.507–2.397, P  < 0.001), and the standardized mortality ratio-weighted cohort was 2.692 (95% CI: 1.511–4.795, P  < 0.001). In patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, Initial cardiac rhythm is an independent predictor of survival to hospital discharge. Depending on various statistical methods, patients with IHCA who have a shockable rhythm have a one to two fold higher probability of survival to discharge than those who have a non-shockable rhythm. This provides a reference for optimizing resuscitation decisions for IHCA patients and facilitating clinical communication.

To investigate the effect of recombinant human aFGF (rhaFGF) on acute wounds in a diabetic mouse model focusing on the transition from acute inflammation to chronic inflammation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse models were induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and acute diabetic wounds were created on their hind paws. The mice were divided into four groups: Con, Con + rhaFGF, DM, and DM + rhaFGF. rhaFGF (0.08 µg/cm²) or PBS was daily administered on wound surface for 14 days. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and tissues were measured using ELISA, and NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) in tissue were detected by Western blot analysis. CCK8 assay and cell migration were used to assess the proliferation and migration ability of HUVEC, HFF, and HaCaT cells, respectively. Wound healing rates in the DM group decreased significantly, which was effectively alleviated by rhaFGF treatment for 7 days and longer durations. Notably, at day 7 after wound creation, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the DM group were significantly increased, and rhaFGF treatment substantially suppressed these changes. Moreover, when HUVEC, HFF, and HaCaT cells were exposed to high glucose and LPS condition, the proliferation and migration of these cells were significantly inhibited, and rhaFGF treatment effectively reversed this inhibition. rhaFGF could promote the healing of acute DM wounds by preventing chronicity transition of acute inflammation via reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 in DM wounds.

In this paper, the strategies to enhance the stability of fuel cell catalyst support are reviewed, with an emphasis on enhancing the graphitization degree (GD) of carbon support. Carbon-based materials are popular as support for O 2 reduction reaction cathode catalysts owing to their high specific surface area, remarkable electronic conductivity and low cost. However, long-term operation in the harsh conditions of high acidity, high potential and extreme humidity, can easily lead to electrochemical corrosion of carbon support, thus affecting the activity and life of the catalyst. This paper reviews the judgment method of GD of carbon carrier, the influence of GD on material stability, and the strategy of enhancing the GD value.

The development of cost-effective and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is crucial for advancing proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PtFe alloy catalysts have emerged as a key research focus. However, weak interactions between conventional carbon supports and transition metals lead to metal dissolution, severely compromising catalytic durability. To address this, we constructed a hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon support (LC) via template-assisted pyrolysis, and subsequently synthesized highly dispersed PtFe/LC catalysts using a reduction approach involving hydrogen calcination. This strategy effectively suppresses nanoparticle agglomeration while anchoring metal particles through Fe-N bonds, significantly mitigating transition metal leaching. In acidic media, the optimized catalyst demonstrates a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.92 V (vs. RHE), outperforming commercial Pt/C (0.87 V).

The superheated steam temperature (SST) suffers from complex dynamic characteristics such as nonlinearity and large time delay. To deal with the negative effects, this paper proposes a cascade predictive control strategy (CPC-PI) based on interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) to improve the performance of SST. First, this paper proposes the IT2FNN model for modeling the SST model. And then on the basis the local linearized IT2FNN model, the CPC-PI strategy is designed. In the following, fuzzy self-regulation of the weight factor in the CPCPI is carried out to further improve the dynamic response speed and stability of SST. Finally, the comparative simulations verify that the IT2FNN-based CPC-PI control strategy with self-regulated weight factor is superior to the PI-PI control strategy and the IT2FNN-based CPC-PI control strategy with fixed weight factor.

Three-way catalyst (TWC) is the mainstream technology for stoichiometric natural gas vehicle gas emission purification to meet the China VI emission standard for heavy-duty vehicles. Due to the high price of Pd-Rh TWC widely used at present, it is of great significance to develop cheaper Pt-only catalysts as substitutes. However, there are few studies on Pt-only TWC, especially for natural gas vehicles. It remains a formidable challenge to develop Pt-only TWC with excellent activity and stability. In this study, we significantly improved the catalytic performance of Pt/CeO2 TWC through thermal treatment, especially steam treatment at 800 °C, and used XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, and XPS techniques to investigate how Pt/CeO2 can be activated via these treatments. Our results suggested that after these treatments, CeO2 crystallites sintered slightly, while platinum particles remained highly dispersed. Moreover, these treatments also weakened the Pt-CeO2 interaction, promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies in CeO2 support, and generated a new type of active surface oxygen in the vicinity of Ptδ+, thus improving the activity of the catalyst. After 800 °C steam treatment, the T50 of CH4 and NO decreased by 31 and 36 °C, respectively. The results obtained in this study provide implications for the synthesis of efficient Pt-based catalysts.

Thermal catalytic oxidation technology is an effective way to eliminate refractory volatile organic pollutants, such as Benzene. Nevertheless, a high reaction temperature is usually an obstacle to practical application. Here, GdMn2O5 mullite (GMO-H) catalyst with disordered surface Gd-deficient and oxygen-vacancy-rich concentrations was synthesized via a controllable low-temperature acid-etching route. Results show that the preferentially broken Gd-O bond is conducive to exposing more Mn-Mn active sites, which Gd species covered. The affluent surface oxygen vacancies supply sufficient adsorption sites for oxygen molecules, facilitating the oxygen cycles during Benzene catalytic oxidation. Furthermore, surface exposed Mn3+ species were oxidized to Mn4+, which is beneficial to increase catalytic activity at a lower temperature. Compared with the conventional GdMn2O5, the reaction temperature for removing 90% Benzene over GMO-H was dropped from 405 to 310 °C with WHSV of 30,000 mL g−1 h−1. Significantly, during a 72 h catalytic test, the catalytic activity remains constant at 90% of the Benzene removal at 300 °C, indicating excellent activity stability. This work reported an efficient approach to preparing manganese-base mullite thermal catalyst, providing insight into the catalytic oxidation of Benzene.

Three-way catalyst (TWC) is the mainstream technology for stoichiometric natural gas vehicle gas emission purification to meet the China VI emission standard for heavy-duty vehicles. Due to the high price of Pd-Rh TWC widely used at present, it is of great significance to develop cheaper Pt-only catalysts as substitutes. However, there are few studies on Pt-only TWC, especially for natural gas vehicles. It remains a formidable challenge to develop Pt-only TWC with excellent activity and stability. In this study, we significantly improved the catalytic performance of Pt/CeO[sub.2] TWC through thermal treatment, especially steam treatment at 800 °C, and used XRD, TEM, H[sub.2]-TPR, and XPS techniques to investigate how Pt/CeO[sub.2] can be activated via these treatments. Our results suggested that after these treatments, CeO[sub.2] crystallites sintered slightly, while platinum particles remained highly dispersed. Moreover, these treatments also weakened the Pt-CeO[sub.2] interaction, promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies in CeO[sub.2] support, and generated a new type of active surface oxygen in the vicinity of Pt[sup.δ+], thus improving the activity of the catalyst. After 800 °C steam treatment, the T[sub.50] of CH[sub.4] and NO decreased by 31 and 36 °C, respectively. The results obtained in this study provide implications for the synthesis of efficient Pt-based catalysts.

Thermal catalytic oxidation technology is an effective way to eliminate refractory volatile organic pollutants, such as Benzene. Nevertheless, a high reaction temperature is usually an obstacle to practical application. Here, GdMn[sub.2] O[sub.5] mullite (GMO-H) catalyst with disordered surface Gd-deficient and oxygen-vacancy-rich concentrations was synthesized via a controllable low-temperature acid-etching route. Results show that the preferentially broken Gd-O bond is conducive to exposing more Mn-Mn active sites, which Gd species covered. The affluent surface oxygen vacancies supply sufficient adsorption sites for oxygen molecules, facilitating the oxygen cycles during Benzene catalytic oxidation. Furthermore, surface exposed Mn[sup.3+] species were oxidized to Mn[sup.4+] , which is beneficial to increase catalytic activity at a lower temperature. Compared with the conventional GdMn[sub.2] O[sub.5] , the reaction temperature for removing 90% Benzene over GMO-H was dropped from 405 to 310 °C with WHSV of 30,000 mL g[sup.−1] h[sup.−1] . Significantly, during a 72 h catalytic test, the catalytic activity remains constant at 90% of the Benzene removal at 300 °C, indicating excellent activity stability. This work reported an efficient approach to preparing manganese-base mullite thermal catalyst, providing insight into the catalytic oxidation of Benzene.