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The adoption of technology of in teaching and learning has been increased in many institutions over the world. In Saudi Arabia the many universities have been integrated Blackboard System in their academic environment in order to facilitate the learning and teaching process. However; there is lack of studies and knowledge about the factors that impedents the utilize of the technology in teaching process by acdamic staff. The aim of this study was to investigate the educators' views about the obstacles that they encountered when adopting technology in their lessons. The sample of this study was eight educators and two leaders of e-learning from two universities. Semi-structure interview was used for collecting the data from the participants. Deductive analysis was used to analysis the data. The results revealed that there were many types of the challenges that affected educator's implementation and integration of Blackboard System in their teaching. These were lack of insufficient equipment, Poor internet network. Insufficient infrastructure and inadequate number of computers. Also, insufficient training and administrative support. Moreover, they indicated that difficulties with uploading files, insufficient regular computer maintenance, insufficient incentives, insufficient motivation and encouragement. The outcomes from this study presented the unique qualitative insight into the processes problems and outcomes related to the use of technology in Saudi universities.

This study was conducted in the animal field of the University of Anbar College of Agriculture from 15/December/2021 to 15/February/2022. Twelve Iraqi Awassi female lambs were used in the experiment, at ranged of ages 2-3 months with average body weight 16.737 kg. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups, each group consisted of four lambs. The first group (G1) was considered the control group and left without any treatment, while the second group (G2) was treated with omega-3 supplemented with vitamins A, D3 and E of 1.5 CC, whilst the third group (G3) was treated with vitamins A, D3 and E of 1.5 CC by intramuscular injection, the lambs were injected with 6 times, the interval between each injection was 15 days. The lambs were nourished on the same concentrated diet, alfalfa hay, minerals bloke and water given adliptum. The result showed that G2 had significant increased (P≤0.05) on glucose concentration level as comported with G1. G3 had significant increase (P≤0.05) in urea concentration level as comported with G1 and G2. G3 had significant increased (P≤0.05) in Cholesterol and Triglyceride concentration level as comported with G1and G2. G1 had significant increase in LDL concentration level as comported with G2 and G3. T1 had significant increase in AST in G1, G2 and G3 as comported with T2 and T3. In conclusion, that treat a lamb with vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 (without omega -3) led to improve lipid profile, liver enzyme activity and public health of lambs.

Cold tumors lack antitumor immunity and are resistant to therapy, representing a major challenge in cancer medicine. Because of the immunosuppressive spirit of the tumor microenvironment (TME), this form of tumor has a low response to immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and also chemotherapy. Cold tumors have low infiltration of immune cells and a high expression of co-inhibitory molecules, such as immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive molecules. Therefore, targeting TME and remodeling immunity in cold tumors can improve the chance of tumor repression after therapy. However, tumor stroma prevents the infiltration of inflammatory cells and hinders the penetration of diverse molecules and drugs. Nanoparticles are an intriguing tool for the delivery of immune modulatory agents and shifting cold to hot tumors. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the ability of nanoparticles loaded with different drugs and products to modulate TME and enhance immune cell infiltration. We also focus on newest progresses in the design and development of nanoparticle-based strategies for changing cold to hot tumors. These include the use of nanoparticles for targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents, such as cytokines, small molecules, and checkpoint inhibitors, and for co-delivery of chemotherapy drugs and immunomodulatory agents. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of nanoparticles for enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines and cell therapy for overcoming resistance to treatment.

Background Propofol and midazolam are the most common sedative agents used in critical settings. Propofol and midazolam might have different mortality rates after sedation administration. Some studies mention that propofol is associated with a lower mortality rate than midazolam in mechanically ventilated patients, but other studies have contradicting results. This study aims to compare the 28-day mortality of propofol versus midazolam for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the National Guard Hospital Health Affairs (NGHA)-Western Region (WR). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at (NGHA-WR) from March 2016 to July 2022. The inclusion criteria were those mechanically ventilated patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted to ICU, where they were given either propofol or midazolam as the initial sedative agent. Those who signed DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) or were contraindicated to sedation, such as allergy, were excluded from the study. Data were retrospectively retrieved and obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS-BestCare, Saudi-Korean Health Informatics Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and the Office of Data Intelligence. Results There is a significant difference between the type of sedation and the 28-day mortality rate. Midazolam was associated with higher rates of mortality - 104 (47.93%) when compared to propofol - three (14.29%). Also, patients who used midazolam had longer durations of ICU stay compared to propofol, with a mean number of 19.23 days vs 7.55 days, respectively. Conclusion There is a significant difference regarding the 28-day mortality between patients who were given propofol or midazolam as an initial sedative agent for mechanical ventilation ≥ 24 hours. Moreover, the use of propofol is associated with fewer days of being intubated or being in ICU when compared to midazolam.

Addressing the needs of abandoned patients requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hospital management, social workers, and nurses. Hospital management plays a critical role in policy development, resource allocation, and collaboration with external agencies to find sustainable discharge solutions. Social workers focus on the psychosocial aspects, conducting assessments, coordinating discharge plans, and advocating for patients' rights while connecting them with community resources. Nurses, as frontline caregivers, provide daily medical care, emotional support, and advocacy for abandoned patients, ensuring that their needs are met during prolonged hospital stays.This review highlights the responsibilities of these stakeholders, the challenges they face, and the strategies needed to address abandonment effectively. It emphasizes the importance of interdepartmental coordination, partnerships with community organizations, and systemic reforms to improve patient outcomes. By addressing the root causes of abandonment and enhancing collaboration across disciplines, healthcare systems can provide ethical, patient-centered care while mitigating the operational challenges associated with this vulnerable population.

This paper focuses on the applicability of federal system as a legal-political means in providing Minorities Rights and managing the relationship among various constituent groups as a real foundation of decentralization principle in sharing powers between constituent units. The federal system can be realized through the establishment of federal constitutions. We exemplify Iraq as a federal model of multi-culturalism state that accommodating with new development of democratic principles, which associate with diversity and decentralization in sharing power. The Iraqi constitution is approved through referendum, the Kurdistan population is also participated in this referendum, where the Kurdistan entity and equality among its national and religious components has been de jure recognized. Article 117(1) identify the Kurdistan as a sovereign federal unit enjoying legal-political competences. The study suggests a legal solution to minimize the conflicts between Iraqi entities, legal approach to resolve the ambiguity in several articles: 112(1), 116, 117(2), and 140(2).