Explore the vast range of titles available.

Integration and use of multimedia data has increased primarily due to advancements in technology and widespread utilization of internet services, especially with respect to multimedia audio, images, and videos. Such rapid progression in technology has highlighted the need for effective intellectual property and copyright protection. In response to these issues, this paper discusses the development of an improved watermarking technique for the embedding of watermarks in compressed videos. The newly developed technique uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in conjunction with K-Means Singular Value Decomposition (K-SVD) to facilitate precision watermarking with marginal loss of quality. The optimization technique is revised to incorporate a Spatial Memory Guided Cat Swarm Optimization (SMGCSO) technique, which mimics the hunting behavior of cats to avoid local optima trap. Three core phases constitute SMGCSO: an exploration phase to seek optimal new positions, a spatial memory phase where best positions are stored, and an exploitation phase to refine the best solution, thus ensuring the global maximum is achieved. In terms of watermarking, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) determine performance. Watermarking, video processing attacks, and video copyright protection illustrate the practical utilization of the DWT-K-SVD-SMGCSO technique. There is an approximate 28% increase in PSNR and 45% decline in BER relative to the baseline DWT-K-SVD technique. Such advancements demonstrate superior resistance to video processing attacks and enhanced watermark robustness.

[3] While historical literature only associated intrauterine device (IUD) use as a risk factor, recent studies suggest an increased incidence of infertility and assisted reproductive techniques, contrary to the earlier understanding that salpingitis and infertility were not implicated. Preoperative laboratory tests showed a haemoglobin of .6 g/dl, a total leukocyte count of 21,800/mm3, a prothrombin time of 24 seconds, and a ßHCG value of 84375 mIU/mL. Dr. Chirag Sharma, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India.

Neurodegenerative illness has become much more common in recent years, and this trend is predicted to continue as the world's population ages quickly. Protein aggregation, metabolic disorders, immunological dysregulation, and a gradual loss of neurons in the brain or peripheral nervous system are the hallmarks of these diseases. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a crucial pattern recognition receptor in human innate immunity. It is largely responsible for triggering elements such as reactive oxygen species, lysosomal damage, and mitochondrial DNA, ultimately leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD) - like pathology. Furthermore, several reported studies from literature supported this phenomenon. Additionally, by generating cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and other subsequently leads to the deposition of tau and Aβ proteins (pathological hallmark of AD) and caused AD development. Further, certain mechanisms, including autophagy, receptor binding blocking, and aberrant cytokine release, have been found to have a detrimental impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. From these insights we were able to summarize that the most recent advancements in AD prevention and treatment involve NLRP3 inflammasome as well as above mentioned possible mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis. By targeting the activation or inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, it could be possible to reveal the pathophysiology of AD from a new perspective and provide a novel strategy for its prevention and treatment.

Background Neurodegenerative illness has become much more common in recent years, and this trend is predicted to continue as the world's population ages quickly. Protein aggregation, metabolic disorders, immunological dysregulation, and a gradual loss of neurons in the brain or peripheral nervous system are the hallmarks of these diseases. Method The nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a crucial pattern recognition receptor in human innate immunity. It is largely responsible for triggering elements such as reactive oxygen species, lysosomal damage, and mitochondrial DNA, ultimately leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD) ‐ like pathology. Furthermore, several reported studies from literature supported this phenomenon. Additionally, by generating cytokines and chemokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐18, and other subsequently leads to the deposition of tau and Aβ proteins (pathological hallmark of AD) and caused AD development. Further, certain mechanisms, including autophagy, receptor binding blocking, and aberrant cytokine release, have been found to have a detrimental impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Result From these insights we were able to summarize that the most recent advancements in AD prevention and treatment involve NLRP3 inflammasome as well as above mentioned possible mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis. Conclusion By targeting the activation or inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, it could be possible to reveal the pathophysiology of AD from a new perspective and provide a novel strategy for its prevention and treatment. Keywords: AD(Alzheimer's disease), NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukins, Cytokines, Chemokines, Tau protein, leucine, neurodegenerative diseases.

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into modern infrastructure systems has given birth to the concept of “Intelligent Infrastructure,” with the smart grid as a prominent example. The smart management and efficient application of important electricity burden during agricultural production process has been realized by disposing energy efficiency management platform in rural areas. This paper investigates the applicability of grid computing within the context of intelligent infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on the smart grid. Grid computing, a distributed computing paradigm that utilizes the combined computational power of interconnected resources, has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness, dependability, and sustainability of smart grid operations. In addition, the allocation and distribution of network resources by the grid’s systems will be examined in depth. While downloading gigabyte to terabyte-sized files from the internet, we frequently encounter various technical issues such as ISP restrictions, link expiration, etc In the meantime, the information exchanging has been proposed among the energy efficiency management platform, the distributed energy systems, the distribution automation system and the data acquisition system. Therefore, the intelligent scheduling of distributed energy can be realized in rural production during the peak period of electricity load and the affluent period.

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen during pregnancy is a rare and life-threatening occurrence, typically occurring in the third trimester or postpartum period. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still not fully understood, as it can happen without any obvious trauma, and even a minor abdominal strain can trigger it. We present a case of a 25-year-old woman with severe preeclampsia in which vaginal delivery was followed by spontaneous splenic rupture. A splenectomy was performed. Early diagnosis and management are crucial and can be aided by physical examination, ultrasonography, and clinical suspicion. It is imperative for obstetricians to be aware of this potentially fatal condition, as delayed diagnosis and treatment can have serious consequences for both the mother and the neonate.

Cornual pregnancy is an infrequent form of ectopic pregnancy characterised by the implantation of the embryo at the intersection between the fallopian tube and the uterus. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is higher in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube. Nevertheless, cornual (interstitial) pregnancy is observed in approximately 2-4% of cases involving ectopic pregnancies. A cornual gestation is considered to be a highly perilous and potentially life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy, with a mortality rate that is two to five times more than that of other types of ectopic pregnancies. Due to the myometrium's capacity for stretching, the presentation of these cases typically occurs at a later stage, typically between seven and 12 weeks of gestation. Haemodynamic instability is typically observed in patients with ruptured cornual ectopic pregnancy. This study presents a case of a 40-year-old woman, G5P4L1D3, who arrived at the labour room of GMERS (Gujarat Medical Education & Research Society) Medical College and Hospital, Valsad, experiencing shock at eight weeks of gestation. Based on the clinical examination and ultrasound report, a preliminary diagnosis of ruptured cornual ectopic was established. The patient was resuscitated followed by an emergency laparotomy as a critical intervention to preserve their life. The primary approach for addressing maternal mortality caused by cornual pregnancy involves early detection and intervention.Cornual pregnancy is an infrequent form of ectopic pregnancy characterised by the implantation of the embryo at the intersection between the fallopian tube and the uterus. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is higher in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube. Nevertheless, cornual (interstitial) pregnancy is observed in approximately 2-4% of cases involving ectopic pregnancies. A cornual gestation is considered to be a highly perilous and potentially life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy, with a mortality rate that is two to five times more than that of other types of ectopic pregnancies. Due to the myometrium's capacity for stretching, the presentation of these cases typically occurs at a later stage, typically between seven and 12 weeks of gestation. Haemodynamic instability is typically observed in patients with ruptured cornual ectopic pregnancy. This study presents a case of a 40-year-old woman, G5P4L1D3, who arrived at the labour room of GMERS (Gujarat Medical Education & Research Society) Medical College and Hospital, Valsad, experiencing shock at eight weeks of gestation. Based on the clinical examination and ultrasound report, a preliminary diagnosis of ruptured cornual ectopic was established. The patient was resuscitated followed by an emergency laparotomy as a critical intervention to preserve their life. The primary approach for addressing maternal mortality caused by cornual pregnancy involves early detection and intervention.

The multimedia technologies are gaining a lot of popularity these days. Many unauthorized persons are gaining the access of multimedia such as videos, audios, and images. The transmission of multimedia across the Internet by unauthorized person has led to the problem of illegal distribution. The problem arises when copyrighted data is getting accessed without the knowledge of copyright owner. The videos are the most attacked data during COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, the frame selection video watermarking technique is proposed to tackle the issue. The proposed work enlightens frame selection followed by watermarking embedding and testing of the technique against various attacks. The embedding of the watermark is done on selected frames of the video. The additional security feature Hyperchaotic Encryption is applied on watermark before embedding. Watermark embedding is done using graph-based transform and singular-valued decomposition and the performance of the technique is further optimized using hybrid combination of grey wolf optimization and genetic algorithm. Many researchers face the challenge of quality loss after embedding of watermark. Proposed technique will aim to overcome those challenges. A total of 6 videos (Akiyo, Coastguard, Foreman, News, Bowing, and Pure Storage) are used for carrying out research work. The performance evaluation of the proposed technique has been carried out after processing it against practical video processing attacks Gaussian noise, sharpening, rotation, blurring, and JPEG compression.

Glacier systems are important components of the hydrological cycle and a major source of meltwater and sediment flux that controls the river ecology, water quality, and hydropower generation in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Thus, understanding short- and long-term changes in water and suspended sediment (SS) dynamics is crucial in highly sensitive pro-glacial Himalayan Rivers. In the present study, the Chandra River basin in Western Himalaya was chosen to study river discharge, SS transport dynamics, physical erosion rate, and their governing factors for the 2017 melting season (May–September). The daily mean water discharge and SS concentration in the Chandra River was 260.7 m 3 s −1 and 775.5 mgL −1 with maximum discharge and SS flux in the month of July. The air temperature showed significant relationship with the river discharge ( R 2 = 0.67; n = 156; p < 0.001), which in turn controlled the SS export in the basin ( R 2 = 0.86; n = 130; p < 0.001). An anticlockwise sediment-discharge hysteresis during peak flow conditions suggest exhausted sediments or large distance of sediment transport (>100 km) from the upper glacierized region to the end of the basin. Statistical analysis of SS particle size showed poorly sorted immature grains with a dominance of silt particles (85%), followed by sand (8.5%) and clay (6.5%). The SS estimates revealed a total suspended sediment yield of 1285 tons km −2 yr −1 and physical erosion rate of 0.47 mm yr −1 . Considering the socio-economic importance of the Himalayan region, the present study will help to evaluate the water and sediment budget of the Chandra River, Western Himalaya and to establish their relationship to the meteorological conditions in the basin. Research Highlights The total water discharge and suspended sediment flux during ablation period (May–September 2017) in the Chandra River were 3536 MCM and 3 million tons. Overall, the suspended sediment were composed of silt size particles (85%) followed by sand (8.5%) and clay size (6.5+%) particles. The suspended sediment estimates revealed a total suspended sediment yield of 1285 tons km 2 yr –1 and physical erosion rate of 0.47 mm yr –1 This study will be useful in understanding the SS cycling from the Himalayan region and to build robust models for future projections.

Advancement in multimedia technology has resulted in protection against distortion, modification, and piracy. For implementing such protection, we have an existing technique called watermarking but obtaining desired distortion level with sufficient robustness is a challenging task for watermarking in multimedia applications. In the paper, we proposed a smart technique for video watermarking associating meta-heuristic algorithms along with an embedding method to gain an optimized efficiency. The main aim of the optimization algorithm is to obtain solutions with maximum robustness, and which should not exceed the set threshold of quality. To represent the accuracy of the proposed scheme, we employ a popular video watermarking technique (DCT domain) having frame selection and embedding method for watermarking. A squirrel search algorithm is chosen as a meta-heuristic algorithm that utilizes the stated fitness function. The results indicate that quality constraint is fulfilled, and the proposed technique gives improved robustness against different attacks with several quality thresholds. The proposed technique could be practically implemented in several multimedia applications such as the films industry, medical imagery, OOT platforms, etc.