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"Sharma, Kavita"
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Observation of anti-parity-time-symmetry, phase transitions and exceptional points in an optical fibre
The exotic physics emerging in non-Hermitian systems with balanced distributions of gain and loss has recently drawn a great deal of attention. These systems exhibit phase transitions and exceptional point singularities in their spectra, at which eigen-values and eigen-modes coalesce and the overall dimensionality is reduced. So far, these principles have been implemented at the expense of precise fabrication and tuning requirements, involving tailored nano-structured devices with controlled optical gain and loss. In this work, anti-parity-time symmetric phase transitions and exceptional point singularities are demonstrated in a single strand of single-mode telecommunication fibre, using a setup consisting of off-the-shelf components. Two propagating signals are amplified and coupled through stimulated Brillouin scattering, enabling exquisite control over the interaction-governing non-Hermitian parameters. Singular response to small-scale variations and topological features arising around the exceptional point are experimentally demonstrated with large precision, enabling robustly enhanced response to changes in Brillouin frequency shift.
Exceptional points enable exotic optical responses, but they usually require complex devices. Here, the authors realise an anti-PT symmetric response supporting exceptional points through Brillouin interactions in a standard optical fibre, which can be tuned by simply controlling pump power and frequency.
Journal Article
Modern Extraction and Purification Techniques for Obtaining High Purity Food-Grade Bioactive Compounds and Value-Added Co-Products from Citrus Wastes
Citrus contains a range of highly beneficial bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that show antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and help in building the body’s immune system. On consumption or processing, approximately 50% of the fruit remains as inedible waste, which includes peels, seeds, pulp, and segment residues. This waste still consists of substantial quantities of bioactive compounds that cause environmental pollution and are harmful to the ecosystem because of their high biological oxygen demand. In recent years, citrus cultivation and the production of processed foods have become a major agricultural industry. In addition to being a substantial source of economy, it is an ideal and sustainable and renewable resource for obtaining bioactive compounds and co-products for food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present article, the various methods of extraction, conventional and modern, as well as separation and isolation of individual bioactive compounds from the extraction mixture and their determination have been reviewed. This article presents both aspects of extraction methods, i.e., on a small laboratory scale and on an industrial mass scale. These methods and techniques have been extensively and critically reviewed with anticipated future perspectives towards the maximum utilization of the citrus waste.
Journal Article
Bioactive Compounds of Citrus Fruits: A Review of Composition and Health Benefits of Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Limonoids, and Terpenes
The increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contributes to the reduced risk of many diseases related to metabolic syndrome, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. Citrus, the genus Citrus L., is one of the most important fruit crops, rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, limonoids, and many other bioactive compounds of nutritional and nutraceutical value. Moreover, polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), a unique class of bioactive flavonoids, abundantly occur in citrus fruits. In addition, citrus essential oil, rich in limonoids and terpenes, is an economically important product due to its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and flavoring properties. Mechanistic, observational, and intervention studies have demonstrated the health benefits of citrus bioactives in minimizing the risk of metabolic syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive view of the composition of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and limonoids of citrus fruits and their associated health benefits.
Journal Article
Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Artemisia and Their Biological Significance: A Review
Diverse medicinal plants such as those from the genus Artemisia have been employed globally for centuries by individuals belonging to different cultures. Universally, Artemisia species have been used to remedy various maladies that range from simple fevers to malaria. A survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrated that 80% of the global population is highly reliant on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare. WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) for the treatment of global diseases such as malaria. Artemisinin is a bioactive compound derived from Artemisia annua leaves. It is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide with potent antimalarial properties. This review strives to instill natural products to chemists and others in diverse fields with a heterogeneous set of knowledge compiled from multifaceted researchers and organizations in literature. In particular, the various Artemisia species and effective extraction, isolation, and characterization methodologies are discussed in detail. An in-depth investigation into the literature reveals that divergent species of Artemisia exhibit a vast array of biological activities such as antimalarial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. There is substantial potential for bioactive compounds from Artemisia to provide significant relief from differing human ailments, but more meticulous research in this field is needed.
Journal Article
Unpacking the self-regulatory processes associated with financial self-efficacy and financial well-being: evidence from an emerging-economy workplace setting
This study examines the relationships among financial self-efficacy, financial goal setting, and financial well-being among salaried employees in Indian higher-education institutions. Drawing on social cognitive theory and self-regulation frameworks, it conceptualises financial goal setting as a distinct self-regulatory mechanism linking confidence in managing finances with financial well-being, rather than treating financial behaviour as a broad omnibus construct. The framework also allows for a direct association between self-efficacy and well-being. Survey data from 312 higher-education employees in India were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Financial self-efficacy was positively associated with financial goal setting (
β
= 0.609,
p
< .001), and financial goal setting was positively associated with financial well-being (
β
= 0.401,
p
< .001). Financial self-efficacy also retained a significant direct association with financial well-being (
β
= 0.372,
p
< .001). The indirect association between financial self-efficacy and financial well-being via goal setting was significant (
β
= 0.245,
p
< .001), consistent with a pattern of partial mediation. The model explained 37% of the variance in financial goal setting and 48% of the variance in financial well-being. These findings indicate a theoretically consistent pattern in which financial self-efficacy, financial goal setting, and financial well-being are systematically associated within an emerging-economy workplace context. By isolating goal-setting processes within the broader self-regulatory sequence, the study provides a more precise account of how motivational beliefs correspond with perceived financial well-being. However, given the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as associational rather than causal. The results carry implications for organisations and policymakers seeking to support financial well-being through interventions that strengthen financial self-efficacy and encourage structured goal-setting practices, while recognising the need for further longitudinal validation.
Journal Article
Digital financial literacy and retirement planning behaviour among Indian millennials: a PLS-SEM study based on the capacity–willingness–opportunity framework
This study explores how digital financial literacy is linked to retirement planning behaviour among Indian millennials, with particular attention to the role of willingness to plan as a motivational pathway. Drawing on the Capacity–Willingness–Opportunity framework, the analysis considers retirement preparation as a process shaped not only by digital capability but also by individuals’ readiness to engage in planning activities. The study is situated in a context marked by rapid digitalisation and continued concerns around retirement preparedness.
Survey data were obtained from 307 digitally active Indian millennials based in Chandigarh and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling with SmartPLS version 4. Measurement quality was assessed using standard reliability and validity criteria, and mediation was examined through bootstrapped indirect effects. The findings indicate that individuals with stronger digital financial literacy are more likely to demonstrate both greater willingness to plan and more active retirement planning behaviour. Willingness to plan accounts for part of this relationship, suggesting that digital skills influence behaviour not only directly but also by shaping planning motivation.
The results carry practical relevance for policymakers, employers, and financial technology providers concerned with improving retirement preparedness. They indicate that efforts focused solely on improving digital financial knowledge may be insufficient unless accompanied by simple motivational supports, such as goal-setting cues or default contribution features that encourage sustained engagement. Overall, the study contributes evidence that digital capability and motivational readiness jointly shape retirement planning behaviour among Indian millennials.
Journal Article
Hybrid Deep Learning based Attack Detection Across Different Layers in IoT Environments
In today’s ever-changing IoT security environment, good Intrusion Detection Systems cannot be overemphasised. They are indispensable in shielding against all sorts of attacks and threats since no system is immune to threats. The four architectural layers of IoT are the application, processing, network, and perception layers. This research introduces an innovative deep learning model that encompasses previous solutions by classifying the attacks based on various layers of the IoT 4-layered Architecture. It is strategic because it makes organisations avoid being caught off guard by a breach by instead focusing on which areas can be targeted to guarantee strategic and preemptive safeguarding against emerging attacks. The proposed model integrates CNN, GRU, and ConvLSTM structures in a complex structure. The model undergoes rigorous evaluation on the NSL-KDD dataset, addressing binary and multiclass classification tasks. Experiment results are compared with five other hybrid models: CNN LSTM, LSTM Bayesian Neural Network (LSTM BNN), LSTM Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM BRNN), LSTM GRU and finally, the Recurrent Neural Network with GRU. The experimental outcomes indicate that the suggested model outperformed the accustomed hybrid models applied for comparison concerning attack detection and classification in IoT networks. Collectively, the proposed integration improves the model in effectively capturing and analysing the intricate and latent characteristics of network traffic data, widely seen as one of the persistent challenges in IoT security.
Journal Article
A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
Journal Article
Global ESG fund evolution-an analysis of sustainable investment growth through comparison
Environmental, Social, and Governance, or ESG, is a crucial intangible assessing element for investorswho are socially conscious and responsible. They are taking into account a company’s contributions tothe environment, society, and law compliance in addition to traditional financial considerations including returns, risk, cash flow, and profitability. As an option for ESG investment, mutual funds offered with an ESG focus serves as the best alternative. This current study attempts to examine the growth of Indian ESG mutual funds relative to selective developed, developing, and underdeveloped economies all around the globe. This Study finds the Indian Mutual fund industry has grown in the lastcouple of years, Yet the country is still in the infancy stage with respect to the number of ESG funds incomparison to developed countries. However, in terms of Returns Indian ESG mutual funds are performing admirably. Moreover, the research makes it abundantly clear that India has to do more to educate investors about the sustainability of their investments, as this will eventually encourage ESG investments.
Journal Article