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"Sharma, N"
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Assessing the interplay of paclobutrazol and micronutrients for enhanced litchi production
Climate variability has increasingly disrupted the natural vegetative dormancy of litchi (
Litchi chinensis
), negatively impacting flowering, fruit set, and quality. This study evaluates the combined effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and micronutrients (Zinc Sulphate and Boric Acid) on the physical and biochemical quality of litchi fruits in a subtropical agro-climatic region. A factorial randomized block design was employed on 20-year-old litchi trees (cv. Dehradun) with 27 treatment combinations. Results revealed that PBZ @ 50 ppm followed by ZnSO
4
@ 1.0% significantly improved fruit length, weight, pulp percentage, and juice content. The same treatment also enhanced reducing sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), and ascorbic acid content, while optimizing the TSS: acid ratio. Zinc’s role as a cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity, along with PBZ’s vegetative growth suppression, synergistically improved nutrient allocation and fruit quality. Use of 50 ppm PBZ in month of October with 1% zinc sulphate at time of panicle emergence is an integrated approach for mitigating climate-related disruptions and improving litchi productivity and nutritional value.
Journal Article
IoT security paradigms and applications : research and practices
\"Integration of IoT (Internet of Things) with Big data and cloud computing has brought forward numerous advantages and challenges such as data analytics, integration and storage. Present book highlights these challenges and provide an integrating framework for these technologies illustrating role of blockchain in all the possible facets of IoT security. Further, it investigates the security and privacy issues associated with various IoT systems along with exploring various machine learning based IoT security solutions. It brings together state-of-the-art innovations, research activities (both in academia and industry), and the corresponding standardization impacts of 5G as well\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Various types and management of breast cancer: An overview
Now days, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Since last two decades, researches related to the breast cancer has lead to extraordinary progress in our understanding of the disease, resulting in more efficient and less toxic treatments. Increased public awareness and improved screening have led to earlier diagnosis at stages amenable to complete surgical resection and curative therapies. Consequently, survival rates for breast cancer have improved significantly, particularly in younger women. This article addresses the types, causes, clinical symptoms and various approach both non- drug (such as surgery and radiation) and drug treatment (including chemotherapy, gene therapy etc.) of breast cancer.
Journal Article
Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry
Background
Cancer incidence and mortality vary across the globe, with nearly two-thirds of cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The rural-urban disparity in socio-demographic, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors, as well as in access to cancer care, is one of the contributing factors. Population-based cancer registries serve as a measure for understanding the burden of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care of patients registered by an Indian population-based cancer registry.
Methods
This study collected data from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2017 and 2019. Sex and site-specific age-standardised rates for incidence and mortality per 100,000 population were calculated. Rural-urban disparities in cancer incidence and mortality were estimated through rate differences and standardised rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). Univariable and multivariable regressions were applied to determine any significant differences in socio-demographic and cancer-related variables according to place of residence (rural/urban). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results
6721 cancer patients were registered during the study duration. Urban patients were older and had better literacy and socioeconomic levels, while rural patients had higher odds of having unskilled or semi-skilled professions. Diagnostic and clinical confirmation for cancer was significantly higher in urban patients, while verbal autopsy-based confirmation was higher in rural patients. Rural patients were more likely to receive palliative or alternative systems of medicine, and urban patients had higher chances of treatment completion. Significantly higher incidence and mortality were observed for oral cancer among urban men and for cervical cancer among rural women. Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in urban women, significantly higher mortality was observed in rural women.
Conclusions
Low- and middle-income countries are facing dual challenges for cancer control and prevention. Their urban populations experience unhealthy lifestyles, while their rural populations lack healthcare accessibility. The distinctness in cancer burden and pattern calls for a re-evaluation of cancer control strategies that are tailor-made with an understanding of urban-rural disparities. Context-specific interventional programmes targeting risk-factor modifications, cancer awareness, early detection, and accessibility to diagnosis and care are essential.
Journal Article
Tissue Adhesives for the Management of Corneal Perforations and Challenging Corneal Conditions
Corneal perforations are ophthalmological emergencies which can have serious and detrimental consequences, if not managed timely and appropriately. These are a significant cause of ocular morbidity and can result in decreased vision, blindness, and even loss of the eye. Corneal perforations can be managed using a range of treatment approaches, including temporary solutions such as the application of corneal glue and bandage contact lens, as well as definitive treatment such as corneal transplantation. Tissue glues/adhesives were developed as substitutes for sutures in ophthalmic surgery. Unlike sutures, these glues are associated with shorter overall surgical times and reduced inflammation, thus improving postoperative comfort without compromising wound strength. The available tissue adhesives can be broadly classified into two types: synthetic (eg, cyanoacrylate derivatives) and biological (eg, fibrin glue). Cyanoacrylate glue is chiefly used as a corneal patch to manage acute corneal perforations and improve visual outcomes. Fibrin glue can be used instead of cyanoacrylate glue in many conditions with the benefits of reduced conjunctival and corneal inflammation and reaction. Apart from this, each type of adhesive is distinct in terms of its benefits as well as limitations and is accordingly used for different indications. The present review focuses on the two main types of tissue adhesives, their applications in the management of corneal perforations, the associated complications, safety and efficacy data related to their use available in the literature and the need for newer adhesives in this field.
Journal Article
Improved n-butanol production by a non-acetone producing Clostridium pasteurianum DSMZ 525 in mixed substrate fermentation
The kinetics of growth, acid and solvent production in batch culture of Clostridium pasteurianum DSMZ 525 were examined in mixed or mono-substrate fermentations. In pH-uncontrolled batch cultures, the addition of butyric acid or glucose significantly enhanced n-butanol production and the ratio of butanol/1,3-propanediol. In pH-controlled batch culture at pH = 6, butyric acid addition had a negative effect on growth and did not lead to a higher n-butanol productivity. On the other hand, mixed substrate fermentation using glucose and glycerol enhanced the growth and acid production significantly. Glucose limitation in the mixed substrate fermentation led to the reduction or inhibition of the glycerol consumption by the growing bacteria. Therefore, for the optimal growth and n-butanol production by C. pasteurianum, a limitation of either substrate should be avoided. Under optimized batch conditions, n-butanol concentration and maximum productivity achieved were 21 g/L, and 0.96 g/L × h, respectively. In comparison, mixed substrate fermentation using biomass hydrolysate and glycerol gave a n-butanol concentration of 17 g/L with a maximum productivity of 1.1 g/L × h. In terms of productivity and final n-butanol concentration, the results demonstrated that C. pasteurianum DSMZ 525 is well suitable for n-butanol production from mixed substrates of biomass hydrolysate and glycerol and represents an alternative promising production strain.
Journal Article
Histone deacetylase inhibitors as radiosensitisers: effects on DNA damage signalling and repair
Many cancers display increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and therefore transcriptionally inactive chromatin, resulting in the downregulation of genes including tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a heterogeneous group of epigenetic therapeutics, showing promising anticancer effects in both pre-clinical and clinical settings, in particular the effect of radiosensitisation when administered in combination with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy remains one of the most common forms of cancer treatment, leading to cell death through the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cells have developed mechanisms to repair such DSB through two major pathways: non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Here, we explore the current evidence for the use of HDACi in combination with irradiation, focusing on the effects of HDACi on DNA damage signalling and repair
in vitro
. In addition, we summarise the clinical evidence for using HDACi with radiotherapy, a growing area of interest with great potential clinical utility.
Journal Article
Early Community based Ayu-Emergency Intervention in Psychiatric Emergencies: A Community Based Participatory Research
IntroductionPsychiatry emergencies in India is major challenge for emergency service providers due to rapid growth of various behavioural, higher morbidity and mortality rate. Despite, psychiatry conditions are neglected area related to stigma, share, lack of awareness, and superstitious beliefs. There is an urgent need for specialist psychiatric emergency services, which can fill the huge gap between policymakers and health service providers joined together.ObjectivesPresent feasibility study has been undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined emergency and Ayurveda medicine management of psychiatric emergencies in community-based settings.MethodsAyu-Emergency Care project was developed in partnership with policy makers, researchers and health care providers, a collaborative platform of emergency medicine and Ayurveda medicine (Indian Traditional Medicine) for developing whole-system perspective, where providers work in a coordinated and joined-up way. Twenty trained care providers in psychiatry emergency and Ayurveda management worked in partnership with community-based organisation.ResultsPatients with major clinical difficulties, in the acute phase were treated and managed by Ayu-Emergencypractitioners. Severe Agitation and violence relating to substance abuse, anxiety disorder and psychosis were the most common admission diagnoses. 2-weeks results indicate that Ayurveda intervention can reduce anxiety(p<0.01), aggression (p< 0.001) and agitation (p<0.01) significantly with no side effects reported. Intervention found to be clinically beneficial and cost-efficient alternative to out-of-home placements (i.e., Incarceration, psychiatric hospitalisation).ConclusionsThe study’s findings highlight safety, efficacy and feasibility of intervention. Patients both prefer and seem to benefit from community-based ayu-psychiatric care, and early-intervention community program could be a good model for such care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Journal Article
3D biofabrication of vascular networks for tissue regeneration: A report on recent advances
Rapid progress in tissue engineering research in past decades has opened up vast possibilities to tackle the challenges of generating tissues or organs that mimic native structures. The success of tissue engineered constructs largely depends on the incorporation of a stable vascular network that eventually anastomoses with the host vasculature to support the various biological functions of embedded cells. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved with respect to extrusion, laser, micro-molding, and electrospinning-based techniques that allow the fabrication of any geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion. Moreover, decellularized matrix, self-assembled structures, and cell sheets have been explored to replace the biopolymers needed for scaffold fabrication. While the techniques have evolved to create specific tissues or organs with outstanding geometric precision, formation of interconnected, functional, and perfused vascular networks remains a challenge. This article briefly reviews recent progress in 3D fabrication approaches used to fabricate vascular networks with incorporated cells, angiogenic factors, proteins, and/or peptides. The influence of the fabricated network on blood vessel formation, and the various features, merits, and shortcomings of the various fabrication techniques are discussed and summarized.
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•Recent developments in direct/indirect extrusion-based fabrication techniques in vasculature formation.•Current status of laser-based, nano-scale, and biopolymer-free fabrication techniques in vascularization.•Highlights on the recent progress in micro-pattern and micro-module assemblies for vascularization.•Influence of decellularized matrix and mechanical spacer in tissue vascularization.
Journal Article