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"Sharma, R"
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The chromosome-scale genome assembly of cluster bean provides molecular insight into edible gum (galactomannan) biosynthesis family genes
Cluster bean (
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(L.) Taub 2n = 14, is commonly known as Guar. Apart from being a vegetable crop, it is an abundant source of a natural hetero-polysaccharide called guar gum or galactomannan. Here, we are reporting a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of a popular cluster bean cultivar RGC-936, by combining sequencing data from Illumina, 10X Genomics, Oxford Nanopore technologies. An initial assembly of 1580 scaffolds with an N50 value of 7.12 Mb was generated and these scaffolds were anchored to a high density SNP linkage map. Finally, a genome assembly of 550.31 Mb (94% of the estimated genome size of ~ 580 Mb (through flow cytometry) with 58 scaffolds was obtained, including 7 super scaffolds with a very high N50 value of 78.27 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis using single copy orthologs among 12 angiosperms showed that cluster bean shared a common ancestor with other legumes 80.6 MYA. No evidence of recent whole genome duplication event in cluster bean was found in our analysis. Further comparative transcriptomics analyses revealed pod-specific up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in galactomannan biosynthesis. The high-quality chromosome-scale cluster bean genome assembly will facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of galactomannan biosynthesis and aid in genomics-assisted improvement of cluster bean.
Journal Article
Green chemistry for beginners
\"With escalating concerns over the current state of our planet, the realization to work toward reducing our environmental footprint is gaining momentum. Scientists have realized that green chemistry is the key to reduce waste, rendering healthy environment, and improving human health. The 12 principles of green chemistry are the basic tenets that require understanding at the most fundamental level and implementationto promoting sustainable synthesis. This book discusses innovations in the form of greener technologies (superior green catalysts, alternate reaction media, and green energy sources) and elaborates their tremendous potential in combating the critical global challenges on the horizon. It intends to empower and educate students to grasp the key concepts of green chemistry, think out of the box and come up with new ideas, and apply the basic concepts in greening the world. It extensively covers the goals of the United Nation's 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development, which can be successfully achieved with the aid of green chemistry. It also highlights cutting-edge greener technologies such as biomimicry, miniaturization, and continuous flow.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Designing supply chain performance system: a strategic study on Indian manufacturing sector
Purpose
A well-designed supply chain performance measurement system, should account for not only the capabilities and performance attributes of the focal firm but also its supply chain partners. The purpose of this paper is to help design a system that strikes a balance between the strategic objectives of the focal firm and its supply partners vis-à-vis the requirements of supply chain performance (cost, quality, speed and customer taste).
Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical framework on the strategic supply chain performance measurement system is developed based on existing literature and subsequently tested using a survey on 136 successful manufacturing organizations in India. The organizations were clustered into three strategy types and compared using analysis of variance on ranks to look for differences in preference for performance parameters.
Findings
The study examined the five dimensions of the supply chain practices, namely, strategic supply/distribution network, customer relationship, internal operations, information sharing and social and environmental responsiveness. The empirical results demonstrate the inclusion of business strategy orientation in designing today’s supply chain and hence its performance measurement system. Not supported hypotheses were addressed in the light of contextual factors.
Research limitations/implications
The study is confined to finding preferences of non-financial aspects of supply chain performance and tier-1 suppliers. The research helps better design and benchmark supply chain performance metrics, based on the strategic choice of the firm.
Originality/value
This paper highlights the shortcomings in the existing performance measurement and gaps in the existing literature in the supply chain context. Further, it gives a holistic view of strategic supply chain performance measurement design.
Journal Article
A comprehensive analysis of hexagonal nanoprism for broad band tunability
In the present paper, we have explored the broadband plasmonic effect in hexagonal nanoprism (HNP) in context of cost effective thin multi-junction photovoltaic devices for broad spectral response along with the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) application. Optical properties have been investigated as a function of explicit sets of realistic parameters in terms of hexagonal side (10–50 nm), prism height (20–80 nm), surrounding environment (SiO
2
, TiO
2
and Si) and material composition (Au, Ag and Al) by using discrete dipole approximation. Structural anisotropy allows us to observe in plane and out of plane resonances, which is quite interesting. The presence of in-plane dipole, in-plane quadrupole, out-of-plane dipole and out-of-plane quadrupole resonance peak at 1375 nm, 1057 nm, ~ 832 nm and ~ 621 nm respectively affirms the broadband tunability for Au HNP embedded in Si matrix with hexagonal side and prism height both 50 nm. Our simulations open a wide range of opportunities for a variety of applications such as, biological and communication windows-matched plasmonic resonance that shall be helpful for photothermal therapy and detection enhancement of NIR photodetectors. In addition, prodigious value of field intensity of each excitation mode provides selective tunability for SERS. A remarkable electric field enhancement up to 159-fold in TiO
2
, suggesting strong potential for photocatalysis and SERS applications.
Journal Article
Single amino acid bionanozyme for environmental remediation
Enzymes are extremely complex catalytic structures with immense biological and technological importance. Nevertheless, their widespread environmental implementation faces several challenges, including high production costs, low operational stability, and intricate recovery and reusability. Therefore, the de novo design of minimalistic biomolecular nanomaterials that can efficiently mimic the biocatalytic function (bionanozymes) and overcome the limitations of natural enzymes is a critical goal in biomolecular engineering. Here, we report an exceptionally simple yet highly active and robust single amino acid bionanozyme that can catalyze the rapid oxidation of environmentally toxic phenolic contaminates and serves as an ultrasensitive tool to detect biologically important neurotransmitters similar to the laccase enzyme. While inspired by the laccase catalytic site, the substantially simpler copper-coordinated bionanozyme is ∼5400 times more cost-effective, four orders more efficient, and 36 times more sensitive compared to the natural protein. Furthermore, the designed mimic is stable under extreme conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, storage time), markedly reusable for several cycles, and displays broad substrate specificity. These findings hold great promise in developing efficient bionanozymes for analytical chemistry, environmental protection, and biotechnology.
In the context of enviromental applications, refining enzymes into more minimalist structures could ease production costs, improve stability, and improve reusability. Here, the authors report a single amino acid bionanozyme that can catalyze the rapid oxidation of environmentally toxic phenolic contaminates and serves as a tool to detect biologically important neurotransmitters similar to the laccase enzyme.
Journal Article
The negative impact of wearing personal protective equipment on communication during coronavirus disease 2019
Coronavirus disease 2019 personal protective equipment has been reported to affect communication in healthcare settings. This study sought to identify those challenges experimentally.
Bamford-Kowal-Bench speech discrimination in noise performance of healthcare workers was tested under simulated background noise conditions from a variety of hospital environments. Candidates were assessed for ability to interpret speech with and without personal protective equipment, with both normal speech and raised voice.
There was a significant difference in speech discrimination scores between normal and personal protective equipment wearing subjects in operating theatre simulated background noise levels (70 dB).
Wearing personal protective equipment can impact communication in healthcare environments. Efforts should be made to remind staff about this burden and to seek alternative communication paradigms, particularly in operating theatre environments.
Journal Article
FLASH radiotherapy for the treatment of symptomatic bone metastases in the thorax (FAST-02): protocol for a prospective study of a novel radiotherapy approach
Background
FLASH therapy is a treatment technique in which radiation is delivered at ultra-high dose rates (
≥
40 Gy/s). The first-in-human FAST-01 clinical trial demonstrated the clinical feasibility of proton FLASH in the treatment of extremity bone metastases. The objectives of this investigation are to assess the toxicities of treatment and pain relief in study participants with painful thoracic bone metastases treated with FLASH radiotherapy, as well as workflow metrics in a clinical setting.
Methods
This single-arm clinical trial is being conducted under an FDA investigational device exemption (IDE) approved for 10 patients with 1–3 painful bone metastases in the thorax, excluding bone metastases in the spine. Treatment will be 8 Gy in a single fraction administered at ≥ 40 Gy/s on a FLASH-enabled proton therapy system delivering a single transmission proton beam. Primary study endpoints are efficacy (pain relief) and safety. Patient questionnaires evaluating pain flare at the treatment site will be completed for 10 consecutive days post-RT. Pain response and adverse events (AEs) will be evaluated on the day of treatment and on day 7, day 15, months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12, and every 6 months thereafter. The outcomes for clinical workflow feasibility are the occurrence of any device issues as well as time on the treatment table.
Discussion
This prospective clinical trial will provide clinical data for evaluating the efficacy and safety of proton FLASH for palliation of bony metastases in the thorax. Positive findings will support the further exploration of FLASH radiation for other clinical indications including patient populations treated with curative intent.
Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05524064.
Journal Article
Performance evaluation of classifiers for the recognition of offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters and numerals: a study
Classification is a process to pull out patterns from a number of classes by using various statistical properties and artificial intelligence techniques. The problem of classification is considered as one of the important problems for the development of applications and for efficient data analysis. Based on the learning adaptability and capability to solve complex computations, classifiers are always the best suited for the pattern recognition problems. This paper presents a comparative study of various classifiers and the results achieved for offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters and numerals recognition. Various classifiers used and evaluated in this study include k-nearest neighbors, linear-support vector machine (SVM), RBF-SVM, Naive Bayes, decision tree, convolution neural network and random forest classifier. For the experimental work, authors used a balanced data set of 13,000 samples that includes 7000 characters and 6000 numerals. To assess the performance of classifiers, authors have used the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis which is an open source tool for machine learning. The performance is assessed by considering various parameters such as accuracy rate, size of the dataset, time taken to train the model, false acceptance rate, false rejection rate and area under receiver operating characteristic Curve. The paper also highlights the comparison of correctness of tests obtained by applying the selected classifiers. Based on the experimental results, it is clear that classifiers considered in this study have complementary rewards and they should be implemented in a hybrid manner to achieve higher accuracy rates. After executing the experimental work, their comparison and analysis, it is concluded that the Random Forest classifier is performing better than other recently used classifiers for character and numeral recognition of offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters and numerals with the recognition accuracy of 87.9% for 13,000 samples.
Journal Article
rGO supported cobalt-manganese based nanocomposite with improved electrochemical water oxidation catalysis
Design and development of low-cost element based electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction is highly desirable. The present work reports first-row transition series metal ion based bimetallic CoMnO
x
catalyst anchored on reduced graphene oxide via one step reflux method as an efficient water oxidation catalyst. CoMnO
x
@rGO shows an overpotential of 290 mv to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm
−2
which is 1.4 times less than CoMnO
x
only. Moreover, the catalyst maintains long term stability for almost 24 h in an alkaline medium. In the presence of rGO, the catalyst exhibits the mass activity of 0.39 A mg
−1
which was nearly 2.6 times higher than bare CoMnO
x
. Further, the Tafel slope value obtained for composite CoMnO
x
@rGO and CoMnO
x
was found to be 67 and 145 mV/dec respectively. The superior electrocatalytic performance of the rGO supported catalyst is attributed to the synergy between the metal oxide and the carbon layers. rGO not only prevents the agglomeration of the metal oxide thereby maintaining the availability of the active sites but also enhances the electroconductivity of the developed electrocatalyst. The superior performance of the CoMnO
x
@rGO composite which also exhibits excellent stability will provide new insights towards the design of the electrocatalyst for OER reaction.
Journal Article