Explore the vast range of titles available.

The paper aims to present a study conducted in Dera Bassi, Mohali, India. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children of age group 7-12 years in private schools in Gulabgarh village. MATERIAL #ENTITYSTARTX00026; Age & sex distribution, etiological factors, risk factors and cause of injury were the parameters taken into consideration. The data collected was processed and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software program. The overall prevalence of dental trauma was 14.5%, amongst the 880 subjects examined, out of which, 63.2% males and 36.4% females were found to be affected. The maxillary central incisor was found to be most commonly affected tooth (43.8%). The most common cause of injury reported was fall during playing (37.5%). Enamel fracture was most prevalent (50%). No risk factor was significantly higher than others; however children with Angle's class II div 1 malocclusion exhibited greater risk factor for traumatic injuries.

The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions are necessary and sufficient for a convex programming problem under suitable constraint qualification. Recently, several papers (Dutta and Lalitha in Optim Lett 7(2):221–229, 2013; Lasserre in Optim Lett 4(1):1–5, 2010; Suneja et al. Am J Oper Res 3(6):536–541, 2013) have appeared wherein the convexity of constraint function has been replaced by convexity of the feasible set. Further, Ho (Optim Lett 11(1):41–46, 2017) studied nonlinear programming problem with non-convex feasible set. We have used this modified approach in the present paper to study vector optimization problem over cones. The KKT optimality conditions are proved by replacing the convexity of the objective function with convexity of strict level set, convexity of feasible set is replaced by a weaker condition and no condition is assumed on the constraint function. We have also formulated a Mond–Weir type dual and proved duality results in the modified setting. Our results directly extend the work of Ho (2017) Suneja et al. (2013) and Lasserre (2010).

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post system and length on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human anterior teeth. Material and method Seventy-five extracted human incisors were endodontically treated, out of which 60 were decoronated 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction and divided into two experimental groups based on the type of post system to be used: glass fiber post (GFP) and Ribbond fiber post groups (RFP). Endodontically treated human anterior teeth in which no post was placed served as control group. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the length of post space: 5 and 10 mm and all the samples were restored with metal crowns. The fracture resistance was measured by applying loads at an angle of 130° to the long axis of teeth in an Instron universal testing machine. Results The results revealed that GFP group at 10-mm post space length showed the significantly highest fracture resistance (740.2133 N) among all groups and subgroups. Decrease in post length resulted in the decrease in fracture resistance in GFP group (425.1867 N), whereas in group RFP 5-mm subgroup (299.6200 N) showed significantly higher fracture resistance than 10-mm subgroup (216.9300 N) but lesser than the control (437.8733 N) in both the subgroups. Conclusion Glass fiber posts efficiently increase the fracture resistance of an endodontically treated tooth but the determination of optimal post length is also essential. Clinical relevance The present investigation highlights the significance of using glass fiber posts in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber posts showed increased fracture strength and favorable mode of fracture, and are therefore highly recommended to achieve better clinical outcomes.

Recently, Suneja et al. [26] introduced new classes of second-order cone-( )-convex functions along with their generalizations and used them to prove second-order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) type optimality conditions and duality results for the vector optimization problem involving first-order differentiable and second-order directionally differentiable functions. In this paper, we move one step ahead and study a nonsmooth vector optimization problem wherein the functions involved are first and second-order directionally differentiable. We introduce new classes of nonsmooth second-order cone-semipseudoconvex and nonsmooth second-order cone-semiquasiconvex functions in terms of second-order directional derivatives. Second-order KKT type sufficient optimality conditions and duality results for the same problem are proved using these functions.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of higher-order cone-convex, \\[(K_1, K_2)\\]-pseudoconvex and quasiconvex functions which encapsulates several already known functions. Higher-order sufficient optimality conditions have been established for a vector optimization problem over cones by using these functions, under weaker conditions on multipliers as compared to other papers in this domain. Wolfe type and Mond–Weir type higher-order duals are formulated and corresponding duality results are established. A number of previously studied problems appear as special cases of our primal-dual models. In case of nonlinear programming problem, our higher-order duals reduce to the corresponding higher-order duals given by Mangasarian (J Math Anal Appl 51:607–620, 1975) and Mond and Zhang (Generalized convexity, generalized monotonicity: recent results. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 357–372, 1998).

In this paper properties of generalized cone locally (strictly) connected functions are studied. The concepts of cone locally (strictly) Pseudo connected and cone locally (naturally) quasi connected functions are introduced. Various interrelations between these function are discussed with the help of an example. Necessary optimality conditions are obtained for an approximate weak quasi efficient solution of a vector optimization problem over cones. Sufficient optimality conditions are also established using the above mentioned functions. Approximate Wolfe type and Mond–Weir type duals are formulated and duality theorems are proved.

We investigate the effect of the news announcement of the Lehman Brothers' (LBs) bankruptcy on the performance of Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) sectors. Unlike the assumption in the literature that firms are homogenous, we address the unknown issue: Does LBs' bankruptcy have a heterogeneous effect on stock returns of sectors listed on SSE? We find statistically insignificant effect of LBs' bankruptcy on the performance of energy and financial sectors while most of the other sectors suffered significantly. Thus, our results highlight the heterogeneous effect of LBs' bankruptcy on different sectors and at different time intervals surrounding the event.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a second-order cone- convex function involving second-order directional derivative. Also, second-order cone-pseudoconvex, second-order cone-quasiconvex and other related functions are defined. Second-order optimality and Mond-Weir type duality results are derived for a vector optimization problem over conesnusing the introduced classes of functions.

Background. Adolescence is perhaps the healthiest phase in an individual's life. However Tobacco use in youngsters can result in lifelong addiction to nicotine leading to severe health consequences.Objective. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature with specific attention to health issues as a result of tobacco addiction and to provide an insight into prevention and cessation strategies.Conclusion. As educated health professionals, it becomes our bounden duty to prevent, educate and aid in establishing cessation programs to help patients quit.