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"Sharma, Varun"
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Web-based and traditional outsourcing
\"The book elucidates various outsourcing aspects and tackles nagging questions: * Should Outsourcing be considered at all or not? If so, what functions are potential candidates? * What factors contribute to outsourcing success and why do some companies flounder? * What do successful companies that solve customer problems do differently? * How may the Web be tapped to open a whole new world of outsourcing online? * During economic slowdown, what outsourcing business strategies need to be applied? Offering counsel on whether or not a function should be in house or contracted/outsourced and further how it should be properly evaluated is considered a complex and debatable topic and often there seem too many variables that favor one over the other. The book provides deep insight into such aspects of the outsourcing industry, which is under great flux. Lowering costs, enhancing quality and development of life cycle have been at the core of IT - ITES space. Outsourcing is now considered a strategic tool in the arsenal with businesses reaping its benefits in a fiercely competitive global business environment. The book is concerned with various outsourcing facets and provides current exhaustive business relevant material about the industry. Managing outsourced projects involve continuous people - technology dynamics along with cross cultural and geographic challenges. The authors have elucidated in the book that the greatest business enablers are the concept, people and technology. Emerging trends and practices in the outsourcing industry have been dealt with including practical ideas to facilitate success in outsourcing initiatives\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques in the IoT: A Review
The Internet of things (IoT) extends the Internet space by allowing smart things to sense and/or interact with the physical environment and communicate with other physical objects (or things) around us. In IoT, sensors, actuators, smart devices, cameras, protocols, and cloud services are used to support many intelligent applications such as environmental monitoring, traffic monitoring, remote monitoring of patients, security surveillance, and smart home automation. To optimize the usage of an IoT network, certain challenges must be addressed such as energy constraints, scalability, reliability, heterogeneity, security, privacy, routing, quality of service (QoS), and congestion. To avoid congestion in IoT, efficient load balancing (LB) is needed for distributing traffic loads among different routes. To this end, this survey presents the IoT architectures and the networking paradigms (i.e., edge–fog–cloud paradigms) adopted in these architectures. Then, it analyzes and compares previous related surveys on LB in the IoT. It reviews and classifies dynamic LB techniques in the IoT for cloud and edge/fog networks. Lastly, it presents some lessons learned and open research issues.
Journal Article
Obesity, Inflammation, and Severe Asthma: an Update
Purpose of ReviewObesity-associated difficult asthma continues to be a substantial problem and, despite a move to address treatable traits affecting asthma morbidity and mortality, it remains poorly understood with limited phenotype-specific treatments. The complex association between asthma, obesity, and inflammation is highlighted and recent advances in treatment options explored.Recent FindingsObesity negatively impacts asthma outcomes and has a causal link in the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma. Imbalance in the adipose organ found in obesity favours a pro-inflammatory state both systemically and in airways. Obesity may impact currently available asthma biomarkers, and obesity-associated asthma specific biomarkers are needed. Whilst surgical weight loss interventions are associated with improvements in asthma control and quality of life, evidence for pragmatic conservative options are sparse. Innovative approaches tackling obesity-mediated airway inflammation may provide novel therapies.SummaryThe immunopathological mechanisms underlying obesity-associated asthma require further research that may lead to novel therapeutic options for this disease. However, weight loss appears to be effective in improving asthma in this cohort and focus is also needed on non-surgical treatments applicable in the real-world setting.
Journal Article
Diagnostics and correction of batch effects in large‐scale proteomic studies: a tutorial
Advancements in mass spectrometry‐based proteomics have enabled experiments encompassing hundreds of samples. While these large sample sets deliver much‐needed statistical power, handling them introduces technical variability known as batch effects. Here, we present a step‐by‐step protocol for the assessment, normalization, and batch correction of proteomic data. We review established methodologies from related fields and describe solutions specific to proteomic challenges, such as ion intensity drift and missing values in quantitative feature matrices. Finally, we compile a set of techniques that enable control of batch effect adjustment quality. We provide an R package, \"proBatch\", containing functions required for each step of the protocol. We demonstrate the utility of this methodology on five proteomic datasets each encompassing hundreds of samples and consisting of multiple experimental designs. In conclusion, we provide guidelines and tools to make the extraction of true biological signal from large proteomic studies more robust and transparent, ultimately facilitating reliable and reproducible research in clinical proteomics and systems biology.
Graphical Abstract
In mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, handling large sample sets introduces technical variability known as batch effects. This tutorial provides guidelines and tools for the assessment, normalization, and batch correction of proteomics data.
Journal Article
Endogenous adenine mediates kidney injury in diabetic models and predicts diabetic kidney disease in patients
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality; however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high-risk patients, especially those without macroalbuminuria. Urine from participants with diabetes from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D), and the American Indian Study determined whether urine adenine/creatinine ratio (UAdCR) could be a mechanistic biomarker for ESKD. ESKD and mortality were associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in the CRIC study and SMART2D. ESKD was associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in patients without macroalbuminuria in the CRIC study, SMART2D, and the American Indian study. Empagliflozin lowered UAdCR in nonmacroalbuminuric participants. Spatial metabolomics localized adenine to kidney pathology, and single-cell transcriptomics identified ribonucleoprotein biogenesis as a top pathway in proximal tubules of patients without macroalbuminuria, implicating mTOR. Adenine stimulated matrix in tubular cells via mTOR and stimulated mTOR in mouse kidneys. A specific inhibitor of adenine production was found to reduce kidney hypertrophy and kidney injury in diabetic mice. We propose that endogenous adenine may be a causative factor in DKD.
Journal Article
Universal photonic processor for spatial mode decomposition
Efficient and precise information storage and processing using light’s various degrees of freedom - intensity, phase, and polarization - have vast applications in modern photonics. The corresponding utilization necessitates the accurate measurement and decomposition of arbitrary spatial modes into their orthogonal components. In this paper, we introduce a new modal decomposition technique based on a 16-pixel reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit programmed as a spatial mode decomposer. This device uniquely identifies and quantifies the relative contributions of constituent modes in a Laguerre-Gaussian basis. The presented device not only provides the relative weights of these modes but also their relative phases, offering a novel approach based on an integrated platform for optical information processing. We further highlight a novel input interface that enables the decomposition of input beam polarization into circular polarization basis. The potential applications of this technology are vast, ranging from advanced optical communications to microscopy and beyond, marking a significant stride in the field of integrated photonics.
A reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit for modal decomposition in the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is introduced. The device measures relative phase, amplitude, and partial polarization of the constituting modes. It is capable of distinguishing up to 9 modes, providing a compact next generation platform for beam metrology.
Journal Article
SIMLIN: a bioinformatics tool for prediction of S-sulphenylation in the human proteome based on multi-stage ensemble-learning models
Background
S-sulphenylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification (PTM) where an S-hydroxyl (−SOH) bond is formed via the reversible oxidation on the Sulfhydryl group of cysteine (C). Recent experimental studies have revealed that S-sulphenylation plays critical roles in many biological functions, such as protein regulation and cell signaling. State-of-the-art bioinformatic advances have facilitated high-throughput in silico screening of protein S-sulphenylation sites, thereby significantly reducing the time and labour costs traditionally required for the experimental investigation of S-sulphenylation.
Results
In this study, we have proposed a novel hybrid computational framework, termed
SIMLIN
, for accurate prediction of protein S-sulphenylation sites using a multi-stage neural-network based ensemble-learning model integrating both protein sequence derived and protein structural features. Benchmarking experiments against the current state-of-the-art predictors for S-sulphenylation demonstrated that
SIMLIN
delivered competitive prediction performance. The empirical studies on the independent testing dataset demonstrated that
SIMLIN
achieved 88.0% prediction accuracy and an AUC score of 0.82, which outperforms currently existing methods.
Conclusions
In summary,
SIMLIN
predicts human S-sulphenylation sites with high accuracy thereby facilitating biological hypothesis generation and experimental validation. The web server, datasets, and online instructions are freely available at
http://simlin.erc.monash.edu
/ for academic purposes.
Journal Article
New generalized ANN-based hybrid broadband response spectra generator using physics-based simulations
Estimation of the seismic risk associated with infrastructures requires site-specific seismic hazard studies. Further, for nonlinear time history analysis, one requires broadband ground motion. In modern times, physics-based simulations (PBS) for deriving the ground motion for future earthquakes have been considered. The PBS helps decrease the uncertainties related to hazard estimation compared to ground motion prediction equations. The PBS methods have a specific frequency threshold limit resulting from high computational demand. Hence, hybrid methods are required to attain broadband spectra for the simulated ground motion. This study uses a new artificial neural network (ANN)-based model to generate broadband ground motion spectra using the low-frequency spectral acceleration from PBS, source, path, and site parameters as input variables. A detailed parametric study and performance evaluation was made to identify the optimal input parameters in conjunction with the best-suited ANN architecture. The performance of the ANN model is demonstrated for Iwate (Mw 6.9, 2008) earthquake. We found that the predicted values from the developed ANN model agree with the recorded data. Furthermore, time histories are generated using the spectral ordinate matching technique from the estimated broadband spectra.
Journal Article
Geometrical design optimization of hybrid textured self-lubricating cutting inserts for turning 4340 hardened steel
Surface texturing is a promising method to alter tribological properties of mating surfaces. The present paper presents the effect of design parameters of textured pattern on the cutting forces while turning 4340 hardened steel. It relates design parameters (distance from the cutting edge, width, pitch, circle diameter, and depth) with the reduction in contact area and shear strength of the interface which is responsible for the force reduction. In order to find optimal dimensions of textured pattern, L
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orthogonal-based design of experiments have been carried out. In the present study, five design parameters and two second-order interactions have been taken into consideration. This paper presents a comprehensive extension to the knowledge of the position, location, and dimensions of the self-lubricating cutting inserts.
Journal Article
Corporate genome screening India (CoGsI) identified genetic variants association with T2D in young Indian professionals
Rising cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India, especially in metropolitan cities is an increasing concern. The individuals that were most affected are young professionals working in the corporate sector. However, the corporate sector has remained the least explored for T2D risk predisposition. Considering corporate employees’ lifestyles and the role of gene-environment interaction in T2D susceptibility, the study aims to find genetic variants associated with T2D predisposition. In this first kind of study, 680 young professionals (284 T2D cases, and 396 controls) were diagnosed and screened for 2658 variants on an array designed explicitly for the CoGsI study. The variant filtering was done at Bonferroni p-value of 0.000028. The genetic data was analysed using PLINK v1.09, SPSS, R programming, VEP tool, and FUMA GWAS tool. Interestingly, 42 variants were associated with the T2D risk. Out of 42, three missense variants (rs1402467, rs6050, and rs713598) in Sulfotransferase family 1 C member 4 (
SULT1C4
), Fibrinogen Alpha Chain (
FGA
), and Taste 2 Receptor Member 38 (
TAS2R38
) and two untranslated region (UTR) variants (rs1063320 and rs6296) in Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, G (
HLA-G
) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B (
HTR1B
) were associated with the T2D risk. CoGsI identified potential genomic markers increasing susceptibility to the early onset of T2D. Present findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying T2D manifestation in corporate professionals due to genetics interacting with occupational stress and urban lifestyles.
Journal Article