Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
761
result(s) for
"Shaw, Carolyn"
Sort by:
An HSV-2 Trivalent Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Rhesus Macaques and Highly Efficacious in Guinea Pigs
A genital herpes vaccine is urgently needed to prevent pain and suffering, reduce the incidence of neonatal herpes, and decrease the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission that accompanies genital infection. We evaluated a trivalent HSV-2 subunit antigen vaccine administered with CpG and alum in rhesus macaques and guinea pigs. The vaccine contains glycoproteins C, D and E (gC2, gD2, gE2) to block virus entry by gD2 and immune evasion by gC2 and gE2. In rhesus macaques, the trivalent vaccine induced plasma and mucosa neutralizing antibodies, antibodies that block gC2 and gE2 immune evasion activities, and stimulated CD4 T cell responses. After intravaginal challenge, a self-limited vaginal infection of brief duration was detected by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in naïve, but not in trivalent immunized macaques. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated in female guinea pigs. Animals were mock immunized, or immunized with gD2, the trivalent vaccine or the trivalent vaccine followed by a booster dose of gD2 (trivalent + gD2). The trivalent and trivalent + gD2 groups were 97% and 99% efficacious, respectively in preventing genital lesions and both outperformed gD2 alone. As a marker of transmission risk, vaginal swabs were evaluated daily for HSV-2 DNA and replication competent virus between five and seven weeks after challenge. HSV-2 DNA shedding was reduced in all groups compared with mock. Shedding of replication competent virus occurred on fewer days in the trivalent than gD2 immunized animals while the trivalent + gD2 group had no shedding of replication competent virus. Overall, the trivalent group had genital lesions on < 1% days and shedding of replication competent virus on 0.2% days. The vaccine has outstanding potential for prevention of genital herpes in humans.
Journal Article
Women and Power in Zimbabwe
The revolt against white rule in Rhodesia nurtured incipient local feminisms in women who imagined independence as a road to gender equity and economic justice. But the country's rebirth as Zimbabwe and Robert Mugabe's rise to power dashed these hopes. Using history, literature, participant observation, and interviews, Carolyn Martin Shaw surveys Zimbabwean feminisms from the colonial era to today. She examines how actions as seemingly disparate as an ability to bake scones during the revolution and achieving power within a marriage in fact represent complex sources of female empowerment. She also presents the ways women across Zimbabwean society--rural and urban, professional and domestic--accommodated or confronted post-independence setbacks. Finally, Shaw offers perspectives on the ways contemporary Zimbabwean women depart from the prevailing view that feminism is a Western imposition having little to do with African women. The result of thirty years of experience, Women and Power in Zimbabwe addresses what happened when a generation of African women deferred their dreams of empowerment.
eBook
Breaking up with humanism: Finding new relational possibilities in supporting mental wellbeing in music therapy practice
This paper explores moving beyond humanism and traversing new relational possibilities through posthumanism to support mental wellbeing in music therapy practice. Six stages of a music therapy \"break-up\" with humanism will be discussed alongside lyrics from 80s and 90s love ballads. The first stage, \"falling in love,\" will describe the characteristics and values of humanism; a theory that the music therapy profession has, for the most part, widely embraced and loved. This will flow into the second stage of exploring music therapy work in the humanistic relationship, \"cohabitation,\" particularly how practice is framed in this discourse. The third section, \"the rocky patch,\" will note the beginning cracks in the relationship with humanism: the pitfalls such as its colonising and ableist tendencies of the body and psyche. The fourth stage, \"couples counselling,\" will consider the option of trying to change humanism in extended and expanded forms to address the ways it can oppress. During this section the work of others who have been intrigued by the possibilities of a re-articulation of the humanist human are discussed. The fifth stage, \"the breakup,\" moves beyond humanistic approaches to explore new relational possibilities in order to meet the growing needs in this pandemic and global warming era. Posthumanism is defined and explained. Stage six, \"moving on,\" considers the possibilities of posthumanism and grounds the discussion in music therapy practice. This paper posits that there is a different kind of love, a deeper respect and valuing of diversity, and greater support for mental wellbeing to be found when we move beyond humanism and expand our theoretical underpinnings to include posthumanism.
Journal Article
Using Role-Play Scenarios in the IR Classroom: An Examination of Exercises on Peacekeeping Operations and Foreign Policy Decision Making
Use of role-play scenarios in the classroom is just one of a number of active learning techniques that are being used more and more frequently to convey the more abstract concepts of international relations (IR) to students in a meaningful way. This paper examines the value of two specific role-play exercises used in an introduction to international relations course on the topics of peacekeeping and foreign policy decision making. The value of such interactive exercises is laid out in a section examining what learning objectives can be achieved by using role-play scenarios. These include promoting student interaction and input, and promoting student curiosity and creativity. The preparations necessary for conducting such an exercise are laid out, followed by a description of the exercises as they were conducted in the classroom. Finally, an assessment of the exercises provides useful feedback on the degree to which specific learning objectives were achieved, and how such exercises can be modified to be even more effective.
Journal Article
Single residue in CD28-costimulated CAR-T cells limits long-term persistence and antitumor durability
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapies can eliminate relapsed and refractory tumors, but the durability of antitumor activity requires in vivo persistence. Differential signaling through the CAR costimulatory domain can alter the T cell metabolism, memory differentiation, and influence long-term persistence. CAR-T cells costimulated with 4-1BB or ICOS persist in xenograft models but those constructed with CD28 exhibit rapid clearance. Here, we show that a single amino acid residue in CD28 drove T cell exhaustion and hindered the persistence of CD28-based CAR-T cells and changing this asparagine to phenylalanine (CD28-YMFM) promoted durable antitumor control. In addition, CD28-YMFM CAR-T cells exhibited reduced T cell differentiation and exhaustion as well as increased skewing toward Th17 cells. Reciprocal modification of ICOS-containing CAR-T cells abolished in vivo persistence and antitumor activity. This finding suggests modifications to the costimulatory domains of CAR-T cells can enable longer persistence and thereby improve antitumor response.
Journal Article
Spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: evidence of mate competition and mate choice in a broadcast spawner
We quantified individual differences in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, reproductive behaviour at a field-reported spawning density under experimental conditions. Marked individuals (nine females, seven males) were observed twice daily and videotaped continuously for 9 weeks at ambient photoperiod and temperature in a large tank (60 m
3
). Agonistic interactions appeared to maintain a size-based dominance hierarchy among males. Multiple paternity per spawning bout, revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis, suggested a link between dominance and fertilization success. Interactions between sexes were dominated by the circling of females by males. Predicated by vertical separation from males, and after descending to the bottom, a motionless female would be circled up to 17 times, often by one male per circling bout but by several males throughout the spawning period. Although circling frequency increased with male dominance and male body size, initiation and termination of this behaviour appeared to be under female control. Circling provides opportunities for males to gain individual access to reproductive females and for females to assess the quality of potential mates. Our evidence for nonrandom mate choice and for male-male competition and display has implications for Atlantic cod mating systems and effects of fishing on their reproductive success.
Journal Article
\You Had a Daughter, but I Am Becoming a Woman\: Sexuality, Feminism and Postcoloniality in Tsitsi Dangarembga's \Nervous Conditions\ and \She No Longer Weeps\
In this paper, an anthropologist examines sexuality, feminist consciousness, and postcolonial politics in Tsitsi Dangarembga's \"Nervous Conditions\" and in her earlier play, \"She No Longer Weeps\". In both works, sexuality offers the promise of freedom, entails a loss of security, and delivers punishment. Reading the novel in light of the play provides insight into the sexual tension in the father-daughter relationship and suggests that Nyasha's nervous condition is in good part derived from the opposition between becoming a woman and being a daughter. Dangarembga's feminism, expressed through the power of speaking up and the erotic as power, has traces of the work of Audre Lorde, which Dangarembga uses and critiques. When directly addressing postcolonial Zimbabwe, feminism is vital to Dangarembga, but other forces, such as rampant corruption and state violence, form the backdrop for family dynamics. In the play, Dangarembga satirizes women's groups even as she points to the new government's betrayal of women.
Journal Article
Teachers’ Perceptions of Grading Practices After the Adoption of a New Grading Scale
For over a century it has been the responsibility of the teacher to assign grades which indicate students’ mastery of the learning. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative study was to examine factors which influence K-12 teachers’ perceptions of grading practices using a validated Likert survey. The researcher wants to capture the perceptions of one of the largest counties in Tennessee. The change from a seven-point scale to a ten-point scale meant teachers saw students who failed in the past be promoted, graduation rates escalate, and retention rates decrease. The next year, the teachers would have students who were further behind. Teachers’ perceptions of how to grade could greatly impact students’ futures in school and after school. Promotion, grade point averages (GPAs), college entrance, are all critical to students and parents. Ultimately, the schools and districts are also impacted as the state assigns grades of A-F to schools in each district. There is an apparent disconnect between classroom assessments and state assessments. Student report cards often show that students have mastered concepts, but state assessments indicate non mastery. Educational systems are imploded with high-stakes testing. Teachers are pressured to ensure that students master the standards of state assessments. This is critical to the future of students and teacher retention as it is apparent that classroom assessment affects students, teachers, districts, and states. Grading inconsistency has eluded us for over a century (Brookhart et al., 2016; Guskey, 2015: Schneider & Hutt, 2014). There is an inconsistency from class to class, across grades, and district to district. This study indicates inconsistencies in grading practices as do prior studies of how teachers make school decisions about grading (McMillan, 2003).
Dissertation
