Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
9,416
result(s) for
"Shaw, R."
Sort by:
Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield
How insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
Pollinator communities could have nuanced effects on crop yield depending on their species and functional trait compositions. Here, the authors use a meta-analysis to show that, in addition to pollinator abundance, functional trait divergence also positively impacts yield of oilseed rape crops.
Journal Article
Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer’s: A 1-year randomized controlled trial
Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer's-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging.
This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 underactive older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n = 79) or subthreshold (n = 38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control.
Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects.
NCT02000583; ClinicalTrials.gov.
Journal Article
Pediatric intellectual disabilities at school : translating research into practice
This book synthesizes the most current evidence-based research and practices on prevention, assessment, intervention, and treatment of pediatric intellectual developmental disabilities. It provides a broad empirical framework for innovative practices and discusses their possible impact on children's future development, ability to learn, social skills, and quality of life. The book highlights important findings in cognitive and behavioral development for children with such disorders as 22q13 Deletion syndrome (i.e., Phelan McDermid syndrome), Prader-Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, and sex chromosome disorders (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome) - children often considered untestable, unteachable, and unknowable. In addition, the book includes case studies that emphasize a team approach with physicians, families, school psychologists, and teachers for providing quality research-based psychological, educational, and mental health services. Topics featured in this book include: Up-to-date findings on the causes and symptoms of intellectual disability disorders. Common medical treatments for children with intellectual disabilities. Therapeutic interventions for children with intellectual disabilities. Psychoeducational assessment practices for children requiring special education assistance. Future directions to support people with intellectual disabilities. Pediatric Intellectual Disabilities at School is a must-have resource for researchers, graduate students, and other professionals in child and school psychology, psychiatry, social work, special and general education, public health, and counseling.
Book
Extracellular electron transfer-dependent anaerobic oxidation of ammonium by anammox bacteria
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria contribute significantly to the global nitrogen cycle and play a major role in sustainable wastewater treatment. Anammox bacteria convert ammonium (NH
4
+
) to dinitrogen gas (N
2
) using intracellular electron acceptors such as nitrite (NO
2
−
) or nitric oxide (NO). However, it is still unknown whether anammox bacteria have extracellular electron transfer (EET) capability with transfer of electrons to insoluble extracellular electron acceptors. Here we show that freshwater and marine anammox bacteria couple the oxidation of NH
4
+
with transfer of electrons to insoluble extracellular electron acceptors such as graphene oxide or electrodes in microbial electrolysis cells.
15
N-labeling experiments revealed that NH
4
+
was oxidized to N
2
via hydroxylamine (NH
2
OH) as intermediate, and comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed an alternative pathway for NH
4
+
oxidation with electrode as electron acceptor. Complete NH
4
+
oxidation to N
2
without accumulation of NO
2
−
and NO
3
−
was achieved in EET-dependent anammox. These findings are promising in the context of implementing EET-dependent anammox process for energy-efficient treatment of nitrogen.
Bacteria capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) produce half of the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, but much of their physiology is still unknown. Here the authors show that anammox bacteria are capable of a novel mechanism of ammonium oxidation using extracellular electron transfer.
Journal Article
المكتشفون والمستكشفون : رجال اكتشفوا حضارات العالم المجهول
أقدم لك هذه الترجمة الأولى من الإنجليزية إلى العربية، لكتاب المكتشفون والمستكشفون، والذي يحوي بين دفتيه، عدة أنواع من العلوم الإنسانية، الجغرافيا والتاريخ والأنثروبولوجيا معا، أو بالأحرى، الرجال الذين قدموا هذه العلوم والمعرفة عن العالم الآخر الذي كان مجهولا، وكيف قام هؤلاء الرجال بتغيير مفهوم العالم الخرافي لدى الناس في العصور الوسطى. وتمثل ذلك في تلك الرحلات المغامرة، التي قدمت اكتشافات ونظريات علمية كبيرة، كان لها دور رئيسي في توسع المعرفة عن الأجزاء الأخرى من الكرة الأرضية.
Book
The genomic landscape of rapid repeated evolutionary adaptation to toxic pollution in wild fish
Atlantic killifish populations have rapidly adapted to normally lethal levels of pollution in four urban estuaries. Through analysis of 384 whole killifish genome sequences and comparative transcriptomics in four pairs of sensitive and tolerant populations, we identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-based signaling pathway as a shared target of selection. This suggests evolutionary constraint on adaptive solutions to complex toxicant mixtures at each site. However, distinct molecular variants apparently contribute to adaptive pathway modification among tolerant populations. Selection also targets other toxicitymediating genes and genes of connected signaling pathways; this indicates complex tolerance phenotypes and potentially compensatory adaptations. Molecular changes are consistent with selection on standing genetic variation. In killifish, high nucleotide diversity has likely been a crucial substrate for selective sweeps to propel rapid adaptation.
Journal Article
كوكب الحشرات : نشوء الحشرات وصعودها /
يعد هذا الكتاب مقدمة في نشـوء الحشرات، فهو يعرض لنا صعودها عبر مراحل تاريخ الأرض، بأسلوب بسيط ممنع، محاولا استكشاف سر تنوعها وكثرتها، وجاذبا القارئ إلى دراستها، سواء أكان يحبها أو يكرهها يتطرق المؤلف في البداية إلى تنوع الكائنات الحية وأسس تصنيفها، ثم يمضي إلى دراسة أصل المفصليـات وتنوعها، وهي المجموعة التصنيفية الأكبر بين الأحياء، التي تضم فيها تضم الحشرات، ويدرس في كل فصل فترة زمنية جيولوجيـة مختلفة، فيصف الظروف الفيزيائيـة والتغيرات التي حدثـت عـلى الأرض، عارضا المجموعات الرئيسـة من الحشرات، التي ظهرت أول مرة في سجل أحافير تلك الفترة. ويشير إلى أن فهمنا لنشوء الحشرات محدود بسجل الأحافير المضطـرب، الذي يقارنه بألبوم صـور العائلة، فهو يذكرنا ببعض الأشياء، ويغفل عن أخرى كثيرة. ولا يدخر المؤلف جهدا في استكشـاف خصائص الحشرات، مثل: حجم الجسم الصغير، وأصناف الأجنحة، والانسلاخ، والتحول، والسلوكات الطفيلية؛ تلك التي مكنت الحشرات من الانتشـار على نطاق واسـع، والإقامـة في أضيق الأماكـن، والنجاة من الكوارث التي عمت الأرض، حتى هيمنت على كوكبنا، ويحكي لنا في ذلك عجائب من حياة الحشرات وتأقلمها مع بيئاتهـا، ثم يخلص إلى أهمية هذه الكائنات الصغيرة في الحياة على كوكب الأرض وبقاء الإنسان فيه.
Book
Adaptive introgression enables evolutionary rescue from extreme environmental pollution
Radical environmental change that provokes population decline can impose constraints on the sources of genetic variation that may enable evolutionary rescue. Adaptive toxicant resistance has rapidly evolved in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) that occupy polluted habitats. We show that resistance scales with pollution level and negatively correlates with inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. Loci with the strongest signatures of recent selection harbor genes regulating AHR signaling. Two of these loci introgressed recently (18 to 34 generations ago) from Atlantic killifish (F. heteroclitus). One introgressed locus contains a deletion in AHR that confers a large adaptive advantage [selection coefficient (s) = 0.8]. Given the limited migration of killifish, recent adaptive introgression was likely mediated by human-assisted transport. We suggest that interspecies connectivity may be an important source of adaptive variation during extreme environmental change.
Journal Article