Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
300,909
result(s) for
"Shaw, T."
Sort by:
Culturally responsive choral music education : what teachers can learn from nine students' experiences in three choirs
\"Culturally Responsive Choral Music Education visits the classrooms of three ethnically diverse choral teacher-conductors to highlight specific examples of ways that culturally responsive teaching (CRT) can enrich choral music education. Principles of CRT are illustrated in contrasting demographic contexts: a choir serving a sizeable immigrant Hispanic population, a choir with an African American classroom majority, and a choir comprised of students who identify with eighteen distinct ethnicities. Additionally, portraits of nine ethnically diverse students illuminate how CRT shaped their experiences as members of these choral ensembles. Practical recommendations are offered for developing a culturally responsive classroom environment\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Tug of war on summertime circulation between radiative forcing and sea surface warming
During summertime, monsoons and subtropical anticyclones shape precipitation and regional circulation patterns across the globe. In state-of-the-art climate models, the average response of the Asian monsoon cyclone, Pacific ocean anticyclone and jet stream to global warming is weak and responses of different models are diverse. Here we use a suite of simulations with atmospheric general circulation models with prescribed sea surface temperatures to separate the circulation responses to direct radiative forcing and indirect sea surface temperature warming. We find that the two contributions oppose each other. Using idealized aquaplanet simulations, we show that the different circulation responses are directly connected to the opposite responses of land–sea thermal contrast to the two forcing components. This tug of war on the circulation response to global warming is analogous to the seasonal response to insolation, which involves opposite land–sea thermal contrasts and circulation patterns governed by quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics and stationary-wave dynamics. We conclude that it is important to distinguish weak circulation responses to global warming that arise owing to compensating effects that are robust and physically understood from those that are associated with genuine uncertainty. We note that compensation places fundamental limits on the detection and attribution of circulation responses to global warming.
The climate-model mean response of the summertime mid-latitude circulation to global warming is weak. Model experiments reveal that a tug of war between the influences of radiative forcing and surface warming is the reason.
Journal Article
Ancient Egyptian materials and technology
This is a study of the procurement and processing of raw materials employed by the ancient Egyptians over the five millennia of the Predynastic and Pharaonic periods (c. 5500-332 BC).
Book
Geographic variation in malaria prevalence among children under five in coastal and inland counties of Liberia: analysis of the 2022 Malaria Indicator Survey
Background
Like other countries in the WHO African Region, malaria remains a critical public health threat in Liberia, contributing to a significant proportion of outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and deaths, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children under five and pregnant women. Despite extensive control efforts, malaria continues to cause significant illness and death among young children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, including Liberia. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic, demographic, biological, geographic, and behavioural factors associated with malaria infection among children under five between coastal and inland counties of Liberia.
Methods
This study analysed secondary data from the 2022 Liberia Malaria Indicator Survey that is nationally representative and included a total weighted sample size of 2,189 children under 5 years (aged 6–59 months). Descriptive statistics was done using the guide to DHS Statistics (DHS-8). A two-proportion Z-test was also done to determine statistically significant difference in malaria prevalence between coastal and inland regions of Liberia. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants impacting malaria in children under five.
Results
The study revealed malaria prevalence among under-five children was 8.3% in coastal and 12.7% in inland regions. It (Z = 3.33, p = 0.001) showed a significant difference between the two regions. Logistic regression identified key predictors: children not sleeping under ITNs had 1.5 times higher odds of malaria; all anaemia levels increased risk, with severe anaemia showing the highest odds (AOR = 6.2; 95% CI 2.34–14.81); children from poor households had the greatest risk (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI 3.06–13.27); infants (0–11 months) had lower odds (AOR = 0.04; 95% CI 0.01–0.17); and urban children were less likely to have malaria than rural ones (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.40–0.86).
Conclusion
This study revealed that malaria infection among children under five varies substantially across Liberia, with inland and some coastal counties showing higher prevalence. Malaria risk was linked to anaemia, child age, ITN use, household wealth, and place of residence. Targeted interventions should prioritize inland counties and high-risk groups, particularly children under five from poor households, non-ITN users, anaemic children, and rural residents.
Journal Article
Alectinib versus Crizotinib in Untreated ALK-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Alectinib, a potent ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was more effective and somewhat less toxic than crizotinib when used as primary therapy in patients with
ALK
-positive non–small-cell lung cancer. Importantly, it reduced the risk of CNS relapse.
Journal Article
Lorlatinib in advanced ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1–2 trial
Lorlatinib is a potent, brain-penetrant, third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets ALK and ROS1 with preclinical activity against most known resistance mutations in ALK and ROS1. We investigated the antitumour activity and safety of lorlatinib in advanced, ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
In this open-label, single-arm, phase 1–2 trial, we enrolled patients (aged ≥18 years) with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced ROS1-positive NSCLC, with or without CNS metastases, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less (≤1 for phase 1 only) from 28 hospitals in 12 countries worldwide. Lorlatinib 100 mg once daily (escalating doses of 10 mg once daily to 100 mg twice daily in phase 1 only) was given orally in continuous 21-day cycles until investigator-determined disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or death. The primary endpoint was overall and intracranial tumour response, assessed by independent central review. Activity endpoints were assessed in patients who received at least one dose of lorlatinib. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01970865.
Between Jan 22, 2014, and Oct 2, 2016, we assessed 364 patients, of whom 69 with ROS1-positive NSCLC were enrolled. 21 (30%) of 69 patients were TKI-naive, 40 (58%) had previously received crizotinib as their only TKI, and eight (12%) had previously received one non-crizotinib ROS1 TKI or two or more ROS1 TKIs. The estimated median duration of follow-up for response was 21·1 months (IQR 15·2–30·3). 13 (62%; 95% CI 38–82) of 21 TKI-naive patients and 14 (35%; 21–52) of 40 patients previously treated with crizotinib as their only TKI had an objective response. Intracranial responses were achieved in seven (64%; 95% CI 31–89) of 11 TKI-naive patients and 12 (50%; 29–71) of 24 previous crizotinib-only patients. The most common grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were hypertriglyceridaemia (13 [19%] of 69 patients) and hypercholesterolaemia (ten [14%]). Serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in five (7%) of 69 patients. No treatment-related deaths were reported.
Lorlatinib showed clinical activity in patients with advanced ROS1-positive NSCLC, including those with CNS metastases and those previously treated with crizotinib. Because crizotinib-refractory patients have few treatment options, lorlatinib could represent an important next-line targeted agent.
Pfizer.
Journal Article
Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis improves with telerehabilitation: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Cognitive impairment affects more than half of all individuals living with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that training at home with an adaptive online cognitive training program would have greater cognitive benefit than ordinary computer games in cognitively-impaired adults with MS. This was a double-blind, randomized, active-placebo-controlled trial. Participants with MS were recruited through Stony Brook Medicine and randomly assigned to either the adaptive cognitive remediation (ACR) program or active control of ordinary computer games for 60 hours over 12 weeks. Training was remotely-supervised and delivered through a study-provided laptop computer. A computer generated, blocked stratification table prepared by statistician provided the randomization schedule and condition was assigned by a study technician. The primary outcome, administered by study psychometrician, was measured by change in a neuropsychological composite measure from baseline to study end. An intent-to-treat analysis was employed and missing primary outcome values were imputed via Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Participants in the ACR (n = 74) vs. active control (n = 61) training program had significantly greater improvement in the primary outcome of cognitive functioning (mean change in composite z score±SD: 0·25±0·45 vs. 0·09±0·37, p = 0·03, estimated difference = 0·16 with 95% CI: 0·02-0·30), despite greater training time in the active control condition (mean±SD:56·9 ± 34·6 vs. 37·7 ±23 ·8 hours played, p = 0·006). This study provides Class I evidence that adaptive, computer-based cognitive remediation accessed from home can improve cognitive functioning in MS. This telerehabilitation approach allowed for rapid recruitment and high compliance, and can be readily applied to other neurological conditions associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02141386.
Journal Article
Alectinib in ALK-positive, crizotinib-resistant, non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-group, multicentre, phase 2 trial
Alectinib—a highly selective, CNS-active, ALK inhibitor—showed promising clinical activity in crizotinib-naive and crizotinib-resistant patients with ALK-rearranged (ALK-positive) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of alectinib in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who progressed on previous crizotinib.
We did a phase 2 study at 27 centres in the USA and Canada. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with stage IIIB–IV, ALK-positive NSCLC who had progressed after crizotinib. Patients were treated with oral alectinib 600 mg twice daily until progression, death, or withdrawal. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective response by an independent review committee using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Response endpoints were assessed in the response-evaluable population (ie, patients with measurable disease at baseline who received at least one dose of study drug), and efficacy and safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population (all enrolled patients). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01871805. The study is ongoing and patients are still receiving treatment.
Between Sept 4, 2013, and Aug 4, 2014, 87 patients were enrolled into the study (intention-to-treat population). At the time of the primary analysis (median follow-up 4·8 months [IQR 3·3–7·1]), 33 of 69 patients with measurable disease at baseline had a confirmed partial response; thus, the proportion of patients achieving an objective response by the independent review committee was 48% (95% CI 36–60). Adverse events were predominantly grade 1 or 2, most commonly constipation (31 [36%]), fatigue (29 [33%]), myalgia 21 [24%]), and peripheral oedema 20 [23%]). The most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were changes in laboratory values, including increased blood creatine phosphokinase (seven [8%]), increased alanine aminotransferase (five [6%]), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (four [5%]). Two patients died: one had a haemorrhage (judged related to study treatment), and one had disease progression and a history of stroke (judged unrelated to treatment).
Alectinib showed clinical activity and was well tolerated in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who had progressed on crizotinib. Therefore, alectinib could be a suitable treatment for patients with ALK-positive disease who have progressed on crizotinib.
F Hoffmann-La Roche.
Journal Article