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result(s) for
"She, Chang"
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Classification of CT scan and X-ray dataset based on deep learning and particle swarm optimization
In 2019, the novel coronavirus swept the world, exposing the monitoring and early warning problems of the medical system. Computer-aided diagnosis models based on deep learning have good universality and can well alleviate these problems. However, traditional image processing methods may lead to high false positive rates, which is unacceptable in disease monitoring and early warning. This paper proposes a low false positive rate disease detection method based on COVID-19 lung images and establishes a two-stage optimization model. In the first stage, the model is trained using classical gradient descent, and relevant features are extracted; in the second stage, an objective function that minimizes the false positive rate is constructed to obtain a network model with high accuracy and low false positive rate. Therefore, the proposed method has the potential to effectively classify medical images. The proposed model was verified using a public COVID-19 radiology dataset and a public COVID-19 lung CT scan dataset. The results show that the model has made significant progress, with the false positive rate reduced to 11.3% and 7.5%, and the area under the ROC curve increased to 92.8% and 97.01%.
Journal Article
Development and validation of a clinico-histological factor-based nomogram for survival in sinonasal malignancies
The survival prognosis nomogram is needed for sinonasal malignancies with different histology types. Thus this research collected cases with sinonasal malignancies from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. R was the tools for screening the predictors by Accelerated Failure Time model and “backward” elimination. Nomogram was constructed with predictors. C-index, calibration curves and decision curve analysis were applied for the validation of the nomogram. 5795 cases were collected for constructing nomogram. “Age”, “Sex”, “Marriage”, “Site”, “AJCC”, “Surg”, “Radiation”, and “Hist” were retained as predictors. The C-index was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.76–0.79, validation set). Calibration curves were close to the diagonal line. Decision curve analysis showed nonmogram provided positive net benefits relative to the default “treat-all” and “treat-none” approaches. We also conducted survival analysis for seven histology types with treatment (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, primary mucosal melanoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma ). In conclusion, we constructed a nomogram to predict the survival prognosis of patients with sinonasal malignancies. It can be utilized by clinicians to predict individual survival outcomes and for patient consultation. Besides, we provided survival status for seven histology types of sinonasal malignancies with common and controversial treatment.
Journal Article
Gender differences in the impact of anatomical factors on non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a magnetic resonance study
Purpose
To identify MRI-detected anatomical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries across genders.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 ACL-reconstructed patients (35 females, 106 males) and 142 controls (37 females, 105 males) from January 2020 to April 2022. Inclusion criteria were primary non-contact ACL injuries. The tibial plateau slope, lateral femoral condyle index, Insall-Salvati index, and patellar tendon angle were measured, using binary logistic regression for gender-specific risk evaluation.
Results
Increased lateral tibial plateau slope, reduced intercondylar notch width index, lateral femoral condyle index, and patellar tendon angle correlated with ACL injuries in both genders. The Insall-Salvati index was a significant risk factor in females but not in males.
Conclusion
This study identifies the lateral tibial plateau slope, notch width index, lateral femoral condyle index, and patellar tendon angle at near-extension as risk factors for ACL injuries in both genders, with the Insall-Salvati index also implicated in females.
Journal Article
Dexmedetomidine Inhibits NF-κB-Transcriptional Activity in Neurons Undergoing Ischemia-Reperfusion by Regulating O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is neuroprotective in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by suppressing inflammation but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. SNW domain-containing protein 1 (SNW1) is a coactivator of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB p65. Because SNW1 is regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, we aimed to determine whether this modification influences NF-κB transcriptional activity in neurons undergoing I/R and how Dex may affect the O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1. SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions were treated with Dex and with inhibitors of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc levels in SNW1 and effects of SNW1 on NF-κB p65 were determined by immunoprecipitation. H/R increased SNW1 protein levels but inhibited O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1. A Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that increased SNW1 levels led to increased NF-κB p65 activity and increased secretion of neuron-derived inflammatory factors demonstrated by ELISA. Dex reversed the H/R-induced increase of SNW1 protein by upregulating OGT and enhancing O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1. Dex suppression of the SNW1/NF-κB complex resulted in neuroprotection in vitro and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in vivo. PKA and ERK1/2 inhibitors abolished the effect of Dex on OGT protein. Taken together, these data indicate that Dex inhibits NF-κB-transcriptional activity in neurons undergoing I/R by regulating O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1.
Journal Article
Knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with ankle injury regarding osteochondral lesions of the talus: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China
ObjectiveTo investigate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of patients with ankle injury regarding osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingBetween March and September 2023, at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, affiliated with Soochow University.ParticipantsAmong patients with OLT.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKAP scores and associated factors.MethodsData were collected through a researcher-designed, validated questionnaire with four dimensions (sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to explore associations among variables.ResultsA total of 537 valid (valid rate: 78.85%) questionnaires were obtained from the responders who were aged 27.18±11.01 years, with 151 (28.12) males. The mean KAP scores were 17.28±4.84 (possible range: 0–28), 29.44±4.21 (possible range: 9–45) and 18.01±5.39 (possible range: 6–30), respectively. SEM revealed that employment (employed vs unemployed, β=1.33, p=0.002), had medical insurance (β=1.19, p=0.019) and with a history of ankle sprains (β=1.08, p=0.009) exhibited positive direct effects, while whether with cartilage injury of the talus (no vs yes, β=−0.73, p=0.001) had negative direct effect on knowledge. Additionally, knowledge (β=0.08, p=0.032) showed positive direct effects, while gender (males vs females, β=−1.81, p<0.001) showed negative direct effects on attitude. Furthermore, knowledge (β=0.38, p<0.001), attitude (β=0.18, p<0.001), had medical insurance (β=1.05, p=0.045) and had recovered from an ankle injury (β=1.38, p=0.025) exhibited positive direct effects on practice.ConclusionPatients with ankle injury had inadequate knowledge, negative attitude and inactive practice toward OLT. Gender, job, medical insurance, cartilage injury of the talus, history of ankle sprains and recovery from ankle injury influenced their KAP.
Journal Article
Osteocytic cells exposed to titanium particles increase sclerostin expression and inhibit osteoblastic cell differentiation mostly via direct cell‐to‐cell contact
The mechanism underlying induction of periprosthetic osteolysis by wear particles remains unclear. In this study, cultured MLO‐Y4 osteocytic cells were exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles. The results showed that Ti particles increased expression of the osteocytic marker SOST/sclerostin in a dose‐dependent manner, accelerated apoptosis of MLO‐Y4 cells, increased the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α and connexin 43. SOST silence alleviated the increase of MLO‐Y4 cells apoptosis, decreased the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α and connexin 43 caused by Ti particles. The different co‐culture systems of MLO‐Y4 cells with MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells were further used to observe the effects of osteocytic cells' changes induced by Ti particles on osteoblastic cells. MLO‐Y4 cells treated with Ti particles inhibited dramatically differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells mostly through direct cell‐to‐cell contact. SOST silence attenuated the inhibition effects of Ti‐induced MLO‐Y4 on MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic differentiation, which ALP level and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells increased and the expression of ALP, OCN and Runx2 increased compared to the Ti‐treated group. Taken together, Ti particles had negative effects on MLO‐Y4 cells and the impact of Ti particles on osteocytic cells was extensive, which may further inhibit osteoblastic differentiation mostly through intercellular contact directly. SOST/sclerostin plays an important role in the process of mutual cell interaction. These findings may help to understand the effect of osteocytes in wear particle‐induced osteolysis.
Journal Article
Four-octyl itaconate activates Nrf2 cascade to protect osteoblasts from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury
Four-octyl itaconate (4-OI) is the cell-permeable derivative of itaconate that can activate Nrf2 signaling by alkylating Keap1’s cysteine residues. Here, we tested the potential effect of 4-OI on hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)-induced oxidative injury in osteoblasts. In OB-6 cells and primary murine osteoblasts, 4-OI was able to activate Nrf2 signaling cascade and cause Keap1–Nrf2 disassociation, Nrf2 protein stabilization, cytosol accumulation, and nuclear translocation. 4-OI also augmented antioxidant-response element reporter activity and promoted expression of Nrf2-dependent genes (
HO1
,
NQO1
, and
GCLC
). Pretreatment with 4-OI inhibited H
2
O
2
-induced reactive oxygen species production, cell death, and apoptosis in osteoblasts. Furthermore, 4-OI inhibited H
2
O
2
-induced programmed necrosis by suppressing mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial cyclophilin D-ANT1 (adenine nucleotide translocase 1)-p53 association, and cytosol lactate dehydrogenase release in osteoblasts. Ectopic overexpression of immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) increased endogenous itaconate production and activated Nrf2 signaling cascade, thereby inhibiting H
2
O
2
-induced oxidative injury and cell death. In OB-6 cells, Nrf2 silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-induced Nrf2 knockout blocked 4-OI-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against H
2
O
2
. Conversely, forced Nrf2 activation, by CRISPR/Cas9-induced Keap1 knockout, mimicked 4-OI-induced actions in OB-6 cells. Importantly, 4-OI was ineffective against H
2
O
2
in Keap1-knockout cells. Collectively, 4-OI efficiently activates Nrf2 signaling to inhibit H
2
O
2
-induced oxidative injury and death of osteoblasts.
Journal Article
Research on multi-label recognition of tongue features in stroke patients based on deep learning
Stroke has become the leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Early precise rehabilitation intervention is crucial for the recovery of stroke patients, with the key lying in accurately identifying patients’ physical characteristics during the rehabilitation phase. Compared to diagnostic techniques such as medical neuroimaging, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) tongue diagnosis offers good accessibility and ease of application. However, conventional TCM tongue diagnosis relies on the experience of doctors, which introduces a degree of subjectivity, especially since stroke patients exhibit unique characteristics in tongue texture, shape, and coating, making accurate diagnosis more challenging. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning-based automatic recognition approach for the tongue images of stroke patients, aiming to improve the accuracy of automatic extraction and recognition of stroke-related tongue features through image processing and machine learning techniques. First, this study performs image cropping and data augmentation on tongue images. Then, considering that tongue color, coating color, and coating texture are interrelated in TCM theory and jointly reflect the body’s physiological and pathological state, a label-guided multi-label recognition model for tongue images is designed. This model extracts features from the tongue images of stroke patients, learns the correlations among the features, and performs classification to automatically identify key characteristics such as tongue shape, color, and coating. Finally, the model’s performance is quantitatively evaluated. Experimental results show that the proposed deep learning model outperforms several advanced deep learning models, such as resnet and densenet, and existing single-task tongue classification models in automatically recognizing stroke patients’ tongue images. This research improves the accuracy of feature extraction and recognition of tongue characteristics in stroke patients during rehabilitation, providing a convenient and feasible technical approach for real-time evaluation and diagnosis in the stroke rehabilitation process. It has significant clinical application value and research significance.
Journal Article
A novel Keap1 inhibitor iKeap1 activates Nrf2 signaling and ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in osteoblasts
An ultra-large structure-based virtual screening has discovered iKeap1 as a direct Keap1 inhibitor that can efficiently activate Nrf2 signaling. We here tested its potential effect against hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)-induced oxidative injury in osteoblasts. In primary murine and human osteoblasts, iKeap1 robustly activated Nrf2 signaling at micromole concentrations. iKeap1 disrupted Keap1-Nrf2 association, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization, cytosol accumulation and nuclear translocation in murine and human osteoblasts. The anti-oxidant response elements (ARE) activity and transcription of Nrf2-ARE-dependent genes (including
HO1
,
NQO1
and
GCLC
) were increased as well. Significantly, iKeap1 pretreatment largely ameliorated H
2
O
2
-induced reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage as well as cell apoptosis and programmed necrosis in osteoblasts. Moreover, dexamethasone- and nicotine-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis were alleviated by iKeap1. Importantly, Nrf2 shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-induced Nrf2 knockout completely abolished iKeap1-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against H
2
O
2
. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-induced Keap1 knockout induced Nrf2 cascade activation and mimicked iKeap1-induced cytoprotective actions in murine osteoblasts. iKeap1 was ineffective against H
2
O
2
in the Keap1-knockout murine osteoblasts. Collectively, iKeap1 activated Nrf2 signaling cascade to inhibit H
2
O
2
-induced oxidative injury and death of osteoblasts.
Journal Article