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In this paper, a novel scheme for bidirectional and asymmetric controlled quantum teleportation in the three-dimensional system via a nine-qutrit entangled state as the quantum channel is proposed. It means that Alice wants to transmit an unknown three-qutrit entangled state to Bob, at the same time, Bob wants to transmit an unknown two-qutrit entangled state to Alice under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The preparation of quantum channel becomes more realizable by introducing several auxiliary qutrits, which is the direct product state of a five-qutrit entangled state and a four-qutrit entangled state. In this scheme, both Alice and Bob can reconstruct desired states by performing three-dimensional Bell-state measurements, Controlled-NOT gates, Hadamard gates, and Weyl operations. At the end of this paper, the efficiency analysis of the scheme and some conclusions are presented. Compared with previous three-dimensional teleportation schemes, the proposed scheme can transmit more quantum information with higher intrinsic efficiency.

Background Minimally invasive spine surgery has seen rapid development in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) versus minimally invasive surgery transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods In collaboration with various search terms, a comprehensive examination of the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and other databases. A total of 9 studies were included retrospective cohort studies. Results We observed statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stays, and 1-month postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores between the ULIF and MIS-TLIF groups, with the ULIF group being more dominant. MIS-TLIF group was statistically more advantageous in terms of operative time. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, 3-month postoperative and final ODI scores, excellent and good rate, complications, disc heights, and lumbar lordosis angle between the two groups. Conclusions Treatment of single-segment LDD with ULIF and MIS-TLIF is both safe and effective. ULIF has the advantage of less intraoperative blood loss, shorter total hospital stay, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower ODI scores at 1 month postoperatively compared to MIS-TLIF. There were no significant differences between ULIF and MIS-TLIF in the treatment of LDD in terms of postoperative VAS scores, 3-month postoperative and final ODI scores, satisfaction rates, fusion rates, complications, disc heights, and lumbar lordosis angle. MIS-TLIF has a shorter procedure time than ULIF.

Quantum key agreement (QKA) is an advanced technique that allows multiple parties to share a secret key through cooperation. At present, most QKA protocols have the problems of weak anti-noise ability and low qubit efficiency. In this paper, two improved two-party QKA protocols are proposed using two sets of special logical qubits, which are immune to the collective noise. The main idea of these two protocols is that first, through the measurement correlation of the six-particle entangled states, the communication parties can fairly build a common key. Then, decoy logical qubits and delayed measurement technology are employed to prevent eavesdropping in quantum channels. Security analysis indicates that both protocols are unconditionally secure and capable of resisting internal and external attacks. In addition, compared with existing protocols, both protocols improve the efficiency because they transmit longer qubits.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating can improve the degradation rate and biological activity of metallic implants. This study aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite-coated ultrafine-grained biodegradable WE43 magnesium (HA/UFG-WE43 Mg) implant for repairing bone fractures. A hybrid approach, including parallel tubular-channel angular pressing (PTCAP) and physical vapour deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering, was employed. The HA/UFG-WE43 Mg samples were tested in terms of their physicochemical and biological properties. The processed tubes exhibited ultrafine structures and the uniformity of microstructures improved following the two-pass PTCAP. The phase composition of the coating formed on UFG-WE43 Mg implant at 250 W for 90 min after heat treatment at 500°C for 60 min confirmed the presence of the HA characteristic peaks. Rat skeletal muscle cells were inoculated on the specimens and cultured for 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, followed by evaluation of cell adhesion and morphology. The growth rates of cells were examined by the Cell Counting Kit8 (CCK-8) and cell survival was observed after 3 days of culture by fluorescence microscopy. The concentration of Mg ions in the blood of rats on 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days showed a reduction in Mg concentration after deposition of HA. Combination of PTCAP processing followed by surface modification led to tibial fracture healing, and histological analysis of implanted areas demonstrated an efficient biodegradation of the implanted material and a moderate inflammatory reaction.

At present, You only look once (YOLO) is the fastest real-time object detection system based on a unified deep neural network. During training, YOLO divides the input image to S×S gird cells and the only one grid cell that contains the center of an object, takes charge of detecting that object. It is not sure that the cell corresponding to the center of the object is the best choice to detect the object. In this paper, inspired by the visual saliency mechanism we introduce the saliency map to YOLO to develop YOLO3-SM method, where saliency map selects the grid cell containing the most salient part of the object to detect the object. The experimental results on two data sets show that the prediction box of YOLO3-SM obtains the lager IOU value, which demonstrates that compared with YOLO3 , the YOLO3-SM selects the cell that is more suitable to detect the object . In addition, YOLO3-SM gets the highest mAP that the other three state-of-the-art object detection methods on the two data sets, which shows that introducing the saliency map to YOLO can improve the detection performance.

Purpose To investigate risk factors of bone cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods A total of 236 patients (344 vertebrae) who underwent PVP between November 2016 and June 2020 were enrolled in the study. Clinical and radiological characteristics, including age, gender, course of disease, trauma, type of vertebral fracture, cortical continuity of vertebral body, intervertebral vacuum cleft (IVC), fracture severity, fracture level, basivertebral foramen, bone cement dispersion types, the cement injection volume, the type of cement leakage, puncture approach, and intrusion of the posterior wall, were considered as potential risk factors. Three types of leakage (type-B, type-C, and type-S) were defined and risk factors for each type were analyzed. Logistic analysis was used to study the relationship between each factor and the type of cement leakage. Results The incidences of the three types of leakage were 28.5%, 24.4%, and 34.3%. The multinomial logistic analysis revealed that the factors of type-B leakage were the shape of cement and basivertebral foramen. One significant factor related to type-C leakage was cortical disruption, and the factors of type-S leakage were bone cement dispersion types, basivertebral foramen, cleft, fracture severity, an intrusion of the posterior wall, and gender. Conclusion Different types of cement leakage have their own risk factors, and the analysis of risk factors of these might be helpful in reducing the rate of cement leakage.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disease of the aging population characterized by the progressive and slow brain decay due to the formation of extracellular plaques in the hippocampus. AD cells encompass tangles of twisted strands of aggregated microtubule binding proteins surrounded by plaques. Delivering corresponding drugs in the brain to deal with these clinical pathologies, we face a naturally built strong, protective barrier between circulating blood and brain cells called the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Nanomedicines provide state-of-the-art alternative approaches to overcome the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. The current review presents the advances in the roles of nanomedicines in both the diagnosis and treatment of AD. We intend to provide an overview of how nanotechnology has revolutionized the approaches used to manage AD and highlight the current key bottlenecks and future perspective in this field. Furthermore, the emerging nanomedicines for managing brain diseases like AD could promote the booming growth of research and their clinical availability.

The vacuum thermal evaporation technique was used to simultaneously deposit zinc coatings onto interstitial free steel plates and single-crystal silicon wafers in a high vacuum environment. The effect of substrate temperature on the morphology and crystal orientation of zinc coatings was investigated. When the substrate temperature was 25 and 50 °C, the zinc crystallites were plate-like and grew under a particular angle to the substrate surface. After the substrate was heated to 100 °C, the zinc crystallites were regular hexagonal and arranged almost parallel to the substrate surface. In addition, observation of pure zinc coatings with different thicknesses showed that the growth of zinc coating was mainly in the Volmer–Weber mode. When the process parameters were appropriate, the zinc coating was composed of closely arranged columnar crystallites, and the crystallites grew preferentially along [0001] direction.

Brain is by far the most complex organ in the body. It is involved in the regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional activities. The organ is also a target for many diseases and disorders ranging from injuries to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain diseases are the main causes of disability and one of the leading causes of deaths. Several drugs that have shown potential in improving brain structure and functioning in animal models face many challenges including the delivery, specificity, and toxicity. For many years, researchers have been facing challenge of developing drugs that can cross the physical (blood–brain barrier), electrical, and chemical barriers of the brain and target the desired region with few adverse events. In recent years, nanotechnology emerged as an important technique for modifying and manipulating different objects at the molecular level to obtain desired features. The technique has proven to be useful in diagnosis as well as treatments of brain diseases and disorders by facilitating the delivery of drugs and improving their efficacy. As the subject is still hot, and new research findings are emerging, it is clear that nanotechnology could upgrade health care systems by providing easy and highly efficient diagnostic and treatment methods. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and disorders by illuminating the potential of nanoparticles.

The 14-item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) is widely used, while the 11-item version is seldom to be found in current research in mainland China. The objectives of the present study is to compare the reliability and construct validity between these two versions and to confirm which may be better for the mainland Chinese setting. Based on a cross-sectional health survey with a constructive questionnaire, 1887 individuals aged 18 years or above were selected. Socio-demographic, health-related, gynecological data were collected, and 11-item and 14-item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) were used to assess fatigue. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were performed to test the fit of models of the two versions. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two versions of CFS did not support the two-factor theorized models. In addition, a three-factor ESEM model of the 11-item version, but not the 14-item version, showed better factor structure and fitness than the other models examined. Both the versions had good internal consistency reliability and a satisfactory internal consistency (Ω = 0.78–0.96, omega coefficient indicates the internal consistency reliability) was obtained from the optimal model. This study provided evidence for satisfactory reliability and structural validity for the three-factor model of the 11-item version, which was proven to be superior to the 14-item version for this data.