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"Shen, Chao"
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High RRM2 expression has poor prognosis in specific types of breast cancer
RRM2 plays an important role in different malignant tumors, but there are few studies in breast cancer. Public databases were used to analyze the expression of RRM2 in breast cancer and its prognostic value.
A total of 2,509 breast cancer samples were downloaded from the METABRIC database. The relationship between RRM2 expression and clinical pathology was evaluated. Using the BCIP database and real-time-PCR, and western blotting, RRM2 mRNA and protein expression of RRM2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analysis defined independent prognostic factors that affected the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to study the relationship between the high expression of RRM2 and overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer patients. Finally, We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and obtained the relevant pathways associated with high expression of RRM2 potentially influencing breast cancer progression.
RRM2 expression was significantly correlated with age, tumor size, grade, menopausal status, molecular typing, ER, PR, and Her-2 of patients with breast cancer(P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that RRM2, the number of positive lymph nodes, ER, Her-2, tumor size, and tumor stage can be used as independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that in patients with Luminal A and Normal like breast cancers and Stage1 and stage2 breast cancers, patients with high expression of RRM2 had worse overall survival and DMFS. The analysis of the GSEA pathway showed that RRM2 is mainly enriched in the ERBB signaling pathway and other pathways.
The high expression of RRM2 has a worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer with specific features. It can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.
Journal Article
Ab Initio Studies of Work Function Changes Induced by Single and Co-Adsorption of NO, CO, CO2, NO2, H2S, and O3 on ZnGa2O4(111) Surface for Gas Sensor Applications
In this study, first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the effects of single and binary gas adsorption of NO, CO, CO2, NO2, H2S, and O3 on the ZnGa2O4(111) surface. For single-gas adsorption, O3 adsorbed on surface Ga sites induces a pronounced work-function increase of 0.97 eV, whereas H2S adsorption at surface O sites yields the strongest adsorption energy (−1.21 eV), highlighting their distinct electronic interactions with the surface. For binary co-adsorption, the NO2-O3 pair adsorbed at Ga-coordinated sites produces the largest work-function shift (1.88 eV), while adsorption at Zn sites results in the most stable configuration, with an adsorption energy reaching −3.98 eV. These results indicate that co-adsorption of highly electronegative gases can significantly enhance charge transfer and sensing response. In contrast, mixed oxidizing–reducing gas pairs, such as NO2-H2S, lead to a markedly suppressed work-function variation (−0.02 eV), suggesting reduced sensor sensitivity due to compensating charge-transfer effects. Overall, this work demonstrates that gas-sensing behavior on ZnGa2O4(111) is governed not only by individual gas–surface interactions but also by cooperative and competitive effects arising from binary co-adsorption, providing insights into realistic multi-gas sensing environments.
Journal Article
Box singularity conditions in box diagrams of decay processes
A
bstract
Since 1959, singularities in single-loop diagrams have been a subject of extensive study, as they are believed to play a crucial role in shaping our understanding of experimental observables. In this work, we investigate the singularities arising from box diagrams in decay processes, which can be categorized into two distinct types. We present a comprehensive analysis of these box singularities, deriving explicit conditional expressions that determine their occurrence and discussing the corresponding physical scenarios.
Journal Article
Interfacial “Anchoring Effect” Enables Efficient Large‐Area Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
While tremendous progress has recently been made in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), large‐area blue devices feature inferior performance due to uneven morphologies and vast defects in the solution‐processed perovskite films. To alleviate these issues, a facile and reliable interface engineering scheme is reported for manipulating the crystallization of perovskite films enabled by a multifunctional molecule 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol (APDO)‐triggered “anchoring effect” at the grain‐growth interface. Sky‐blue perovskite films with large‐area uniformity and low trap states are obtained, showing the distinctly improved radiative recombination and hole‐transport capability. Based on the APDO‐induced interface engineering, synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for large‐area sky‐blue PeLED (measuring at 100 mm2) with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.2% and a highly prolonged operational lifetime. A decent EQE up to 6.1% is demonstrated for the largest sky‐blue device emitting at 400 mm2. A facile and effective grain‐growth manipulation scheme enabled by interface “anchoring effect” is proposed for high‐quality sky‐blue perovskite emitter. Remarkable boost in device performance is achieved for large‐scale sky‐blue perovskite LEDs with peak external quantum efficiencies of 9.2% and 6.1% measured at scales of 100 and 400 mm2, respectively.
Journal Article
Resonances in heavy meson–heavy baryon coupled-channel interactions
The interactions of D¯(∗)Λc-D¯(∗)Σc(∗) are studied within the framework of a dynamical coupled-channel approach. A series of bound states and resonances with different spin and parity are dynamically generated in the hidden charm sector. Four S-wave bound states are found in the mass range of 4.3–4.5 GeV, close to the pentaquark states observed by LHCb. Two of the states have a spin parity of JP=1/2- and the other two have JP=3/2-. In addition, several resonances with different spin and parity in higher partial waves are predicted.
Journal Article
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with autoimmune diseases
The occurrence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is widely reported, but little is known about the associated clinical phenotype. This study aims to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of ALS patients with AID.
This retrospective study was based on the ALS Registry dataset of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2020. Clinical features and inflammatory biomarkers at registration were compared between ALS patients with coexisting AIDs and those without (controls). The medical records of immunotherapy were also collected. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to study the survival of ALS patients.
There are 26 (1.6%) ALS patients with AIDs in our database. The ALS patients with AIDs had older ages at onset and poorer respiratory function than controls (p<0.05). After propensity score matching by sex, onset age, and disease duration, the difference in respiratory function remained significant between groups. We found no differences in overall survival between ALS patients with and without AIDs before and after matching (p = 0.836; p = 0.395). Older age at onset, rapid disease progression, and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were associated with shorter survival (p<0.05). Among ALS patients with AIDs, 8 (30.8%) had a history of immunotherapy and showed slightly prolonged survival compared with those without immunotherapy, but the results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.355).
Patients with coexisting ALS and AIDs had older onset age and poorer respiratory function but similar overall survival than those with pure ALS.
Journal Article
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI-derived masseter muscle characteristics: a new diagnostic marker in head and neck cancer?
Background
To use intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the masseter muscle and tumors in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and to compare them with those of normal controls.
Methods
The study involved 16 normal controls and 54 patients with HNC (29 newly diagnosed and 25 posttreatment cases) examined using a 3.0T MRI with a 20-channel head and neck coil. IVIM scans, incorporating six b-values in three orthogonal directions, were conducted using a readout-segmented echo-planar sequence. The diffusion coefficient (
D
), perfusion fraction (
f
), and pseudodiffusion coefficient (
D*
) were derived to assess the diffusion and perfusion alterations in the masseter muscles and HNC lesions.
Results
The masseter muscle
f
values significantly differed between the patients with newly diagnosed HNC and the normal controls (
p
< 0.05); no significant differences in remaining
D
,
D*
, and
f
values were observed between the three groups (
p
> 0.05). The masseter muscle volumes in the newly diagnosed HNC and posttreatment patients were significantly smaller than those in the normal controls (all
p
< 0.05). The
D
and
f
values of the bilateral masseter muscles in the patients with newly diagnosed HNC were significantly higher than those in the primary cancer lesions (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Our study highlights the potential of IVIM parameters for the evaluation of masseter muscles in patients with HNC, with elevated
f
values on the ipsilateral side of primary tumors and bilaterally increased
D
and
f
values. The clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of these findings of distinct perfusion changes warrant further exploration.
Journal Article
Comparison of neurofilament light and heavy chain in spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were two major motor neuron diseases with similar symptoms and poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers in disease monitoring and differential diagnosis of adult SMA patients with sporadic ALS patients. Methods This was a pilot study with ten adult SMA patients and ten ALS patients consecutively enrolled during hospitalization. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected for assessment of neurofilament light (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH). Serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatinine (Cr) were also compared between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify differentiated values among ALS and SMA patients. Results Serum Cr, CSF NFL, and CSF pNFH levels of ALS patients were significantly higher than those of the adult SMA patients (p < .01). Serum CK and Cr were strongly correlated with baseline ALSFRS‐R scores in SMA patients (p < .001). The ROC curves revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 in serum Cr with a cut‐off value of 44.5 μmol/L (Sensitivity 90%, Specificity 90%). AUC from the ROC curve of CSF NFL and CSF pNFH were 1.0 and 0.84, with cut‐off values of 1275 pg/mL and 0.395 ng/mL, respectively (Sensitivity and Specificity of 100% and 100% in CSF NFL; Sensitivity and Specificity of 90% and 80% in CSF pNFH). Conclusion CSF NFL and pNFH might be useful biomarkers for differential diagnosis of adult SMA and ALS. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two distinct motoneuron diseases with similar progressive symptoms and severe disability. Neurofilament light (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) in cerebrospinal fluid might be useful biomarkers for differential diagnosis of SMA and ALS.
Journal Article
Analysis and review of trichomes in plants
Background
Trichomes play a key role in the development of plants and exist in a wide variety of species.
Results
In this paper, it was reviewed that the structure and morphology characteristics of trichomes, alongside the biological functions and classical regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in plants. The environment factors, hormones, transcription factor, non-coding RNA, etc., play important roles in regulating the initialization, branching, growth, and development of trichomes. In addition, it was further investigated the atypical regulation mechanism in a non-model plant, found that regulating the growth and development of tea (
Camellia sinensis
) trichome is mainly affected by hormones and the novel regulation factors.
Conclusions
This review further displayed the complex and differential regulatory networks in trichome initiation and development, provided a reference for basic and applied research on trichomes in plants.
Journal Article