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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and in an effort to identify novel therapeutic target for this disease in recent years, human microbiota has attracted much interest. This paper briefly summarizes the main findings concerning the differences of human microbiome across several important mucosal interfaces, including nose, mouth, and gut between PD patients and controls as obtained from a total of 13 studies published since 2015, which covered a total of 943 PD patients and 831 matched controls from 6 countries. Overall, these studies supported the differences of gut microbiota between PD patients and matched controls, while significantly altered bacterial taxa among studies were not identical. Due to relatively limited number of available studies and covered patients, the associations between oral and nasal microbiota and PD remain inconclusive. The therapeutic and diagnostic potentials of gut microbiota for PD are discussed. More well-designed clinical studies recruiting large-scale PD patients are encouraged in future.

To study the law of the impact of vibration impact on the vehicle body platform, a finite element analysis model of the system was established. Combined with the test and numerical simulation calculation, the impact of vibration impact was analyzed. It was pointed out that the elevation angle of tracking measurement was negatively and positively correlated with the platform shape variable of the vehicle body, the pointing of the Actuator was positively correlated with the shape of the vehicle body, and the elements of the Actuator were nonlinear to the deformation of the vehicle body. The error of actuator parameters is larger than that of vehicle shape variables. Based on obtaining the basic law of vehicle body deformation, the compensation method is studied, and a multi-dimensional spatial interpolation method is proposed to carry out a series of compensations for vehicle body deformation data, effectively reducing the impact of vibration. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the system’s accuracy and has significant engineering application value.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa. To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) arranged a multi‐disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub‐specialties of NPC to write, discuss, and revise the guidelines. Based on the findings of evidence‐based medicine in China and abroad, domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC. Overall, the guidelines describe the screening, clinical and pathological diagnosis, staging and risk assessment, therapies, and follow‐up of NPC, which aim to improve the management of NPC.

Keratins ( KRTs ), the intermediate filament-forming proteins of epithelial cells, are extensively used as diagnostic biomarkers in cancers and associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in multiple cancers. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of KRTs in melanoma have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we examined the transcriptional and clinical data of KRTs in patients with melanoma from GEO, TCGA, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, TIMER and TISIDB databases. We found that the mRNA levels of KRT1/2/5/6/8/10/14/15/16/17 were significantly differential expressed between primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma. The expression levels of KRT1/2/5/6/10/14/15/16/17 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis revealed that the high transcription levels of KRT1/5/6/14/15/16/17 were associated with low overall survival in melanoma patients. GSEA analysis indicated that the most involved hallmarks pathways were P53 pathway, KRAS signaling, estrogen response early and estrogen response late. Furthermore, we found some correlations among the expression of KRTs and the infiltration of immune cells. Our study may provide novel insights for the selection of prognostic biomarkers for melanoma.

Background Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated (ARM) transformation is a highly efficient technique for generating composite plants composed of transgenic roots and wild-type shoot, providing a powerful tool for studying root biology. The ARM transformation has been established in many plant species, including soybean. However, traditional transformation of soybean, transformation efficiency is low. Additionally, the hairy roots were induced in a medium, and then the generated composite plants were transplanted into another medium for growth. This two-step operation is not only time-consuming, but aggravates contamination risk in the study of plant-microbe interactions. Results Here, we report a one-step ARM transformation method with higher transformation efficiency for generating composite soybean plants. Both the induction of hairy roots and continuous growth of the composite plants were conducted in a single growth medium. The primary root of a 7-day-old seedling was decapitated with a slanted cut, the residual hypocotyl (maintained 0.7-1 cm apical portion) was inoculated with A . rhizogenes harboring the gene construct of interest. Subsequently, the infected seedling was planted into a pot with wet sterile vermiculite. Almost 100% of the infected seedlings could produce transgenic positive roots 16 days post-inoculation in 7 tested genotypes. Importantly, the transgenic hairy roots in each composite plant are about three times more than those of the traditional ARM transformation, indicating that the one-step method is simpler in operation and higher efficiency in transformation. The reliability of the one-step method was verified by CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockout the soybean Rfg1 , which restricts nodulation in Williams 82 (Nod-) by Sinorhizobium fredii USDA193. Furthermore, we applied this method to analyze the function of Arabidopsis YAO promoter in soybean. The activity of YAO promoter was detected in whole roots and stronger in the root tips. We also extended the protocol to tomato. Conclusions We established a one-step ARM transformation method, which is more convenient in operation and higher efficiency (almost 100%) in transformation for generating composite soybean plants. This method has been validated in promoter functional analysis and rhizobia-legume interactions. We anticipate a broad application of this method to analyze root-related events in tomato and other plant species besides soybean.

Teaching theatre and drama in primary and secondary schools is a very difficult task worldwide. In China, there is a huge demand for drama teachers who also know practical theatre. Taking on this mission, the Shanghai Theatre Academy started a program of “drama etudes.” This pedagogical experiment stimulated debate about opposing concepts in theatre education: imitation vs. improvisation.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a framework for the perceived intelligence of VAs and explore the mechanisms of different dimensions of the perceived intelligence of VAs on users’ exploration intention (UEI) and how these antecedents can collectively result in the highest level of UEI.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk is employed. The model is tested utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach from the collected data of VA users (N = 244).FindingsAccording to the SEM outcomes, perceptual, cognitive, emotional and social intelligence have different mechanisms on UEI. Findings from the fsQCA reinforce the SEM results and provide the configurations that enhanced UEI.Originality/valueThis study extends the conceptual framework of perceived intelligence and enriches the literature on anthropomorphism and users’ exploration. These findings also provide insightful suggestions for practitioners regarding the design of VA products.

Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most malignant and aggressive cancers, causing about 72% of deaths in skin carcinoma. Although extensive study has explored the mechanism of recurrence and metastasis, the tumorigenesis of cutaneous melanoma remains unclear. Exploring the tumorigenesis mechanism may help identify prognostic biomarkers that could serve to guide cancer therapy. Method Integrative bioinformatics analyses, including GEO database, TCGA database, DAVID, STRING, Metascape, GEPIA, cBioPortal, TRRUST, TIMER, TISIDB and DGIdb, were performed to unveil the hub genes participating in tumor progression and cancer-associated immunology of SKCM. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to validate differential expression levels of hub genes between SKCM tissue and normal tissues from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University cohort. Results A total of 308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12 hub genes were found significantly differentially expressed between SKCM and normal skin tissues. Functional annotation indicated that inflammatory response, immune response was closely associated with SKCM tumorigenesis. KEGG pathways in hub genes include IL-10 signaling and chemokine receptors bind chemokine signaling. Five chemokines members (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL4, CCL5) were associated with better overall survival and pathological stages. IHC results suggested that significantly elevated CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL4 and CCL5 proteins expressed in the SKCM than in the normal tissues. Moreover, our findings suggested that IRF7, RELA, NFKB1, IRF3 and IRF1 are key transcription factors for CCL4, CCL5, CXCL10. In addition, the expressions of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL4 and CCL5 were positively correlated with infiltration of six immune cells (B cell, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and 28 types of TILs. Among them, high levels of B cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells were significantly related to longer SKCM survival time. Conclusion In summary, this study mainly identified five chemokine members (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL4, CCL5) associated with SKCM tumorigenesis, progression, prognosis and immune infiltrations, which might help us evaluate several immune-related targets for cutaneous melanoma therapy.

Sorting recyclable trash is critical to reducing energy consumption and mitigating environmental pollution. Currently, trash sorting heavily relies on manpower. Computer vision technology enables automated trash sorting. However, existing trash image classification datasets contain a large number of images without backgrounds. Moreover, the models are vulnerable to background interference when categorizing images with complex backgrounds. In this work, we provide a recyclable trash dataset that supports model training and design a model specifically for trash sorting. Firstly, we introduce the TrashIVL dataset, an image dataset for recyclable trash sorting encompassing five classes (TrashIVL-5). All images are collected from public trash datasets, and the original images were captured by RGB imaging sensors, containing trash items with real-life backgrounds. To achieve refined recycling and improve sorting efficiency, the TrashIVL dataset can be further categorized into 12 classes (TrashIVL-12). Secondly, we propose the integrated parallel attention module (IPAM). Considering the susceptibility of sensor-based systems to background interference in real-world trash sorting scenarios, our IPAM is specifically designed to focus on the essential features of trash images from both channel and spatial perspectives. It can be inserted into convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a plug-and-play module. We have constructed a recyclable trash sorting network building upon the IPAM, which produces an acuracy of 97.42% on TrashIVL-5 and 94.08% on TrashIVL-12. Our work is an effective attempt of computer vision in recyclable trash sorting. It makes a positive contribution to environmental protection and sustainable development.

The mitochondrion is a very versatile organelle that participates in some important cancer-associated biological processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation, cell apoptosis, mitochondria-nuclear communication, dynamics, autophagy, calcium overload, immunity, and drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Multiomics studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis signaling pathways act in human ovarian cancer, which demonstrates that mitochondria play critical roles in ovarian cancer. Many molecular targeted drugs have been developed against mitochondrial dysfunction pathways in ovarian cancer, including olive leaf extract, nilotinib, salinomycin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, tigecycline, and eupatilin. This review article focuses on the underlying biological roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian cancer progression based on omics data, potential molecular relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and future perspectives of promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on the mitochondrial dysfunction pathway for ovarian cancer.