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With the low redox potential of −3.04 V (vs SHE) and ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3862 mAh g−1, lithium metal has been considered as promising anode material. However, lithium metal battery has ever suffered a trough in the past few decades due to its safety issues. Over the years, the limited energy density of the lithium‐ion battery cannot meet the growing demands of the advanced energy storage devices. Therefore, lithium metal anodes receive renewed attention, which have the potential to achieve high‐energy batteries. In this review, the history of the lithium anode is reviewed first. Then the failure mechanism of the lithium anode is analyzed, including dendrite, dead lithium, corrosion, and volume expansion of the lithium anode. Further, the strategies to alleviate the lithium anode issues in recent years are discussed emphatically. Eventually, remaining challenges of these strategies and possible research directions of lithium‐anode modification are presented to inspire innovation of lithium anode. The improvement of lithium anodes plays a great role in developing lithium metal batteries with high energy density. With the aim of enlighting the future directions of the researches on lithium anodes, the challenges and progress in the field of lithium anodes in recent years are presented.

Tax avoidance is a widespread problem, much explored in the literature. Using a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2021, this study finds that analyst coverage significantly inhibits corporate tax avoidance behavior, mainly by improving the information environment and alleviating agency problems. Further analysis finds that the role of analyst coverage is more significant in firms where investment in innovation is limited, state-owned enterprises, and those with low management shareholding. The paper enriches the relevant literatures about analyst coverage and corporate tax avoidance, identifies the potential to inhibit corporate tax avoidance from the perspective of information environment and agency costs and provides suggestions for regulators and corporate governance.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are considered as the prospective anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the disadvantages, including large volume variation and poor electrical conductivity, obstruct these materials to meet the needs of practical application. Well‐designed mesoporous nanostructures and electronic structure modulation can enhance the electron/Li‐ions diffusion kinetics. Herein, a unique mesoporous molybdenum dioxide/molybdenum phosphide heterostructure nanobelts (meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs) composed of uniform nanoparticles is obtained by one‐step phosphorization process. The Mott–Schottky tests and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs possesses superior electronic conductivity. The detailed lithium storage mechanism (solid solution reaction for MoP and partial conversion for MoO2), small change ratio of crystal structure and fast electronic/ionic diffusion behavior of meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs are systematically investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, and kinetic analysis. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs displays a remarkable cycling performance (515 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) and excellent rate capability (291 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1). These findings can shed light on the behavior of the electron/ion regulation in heterostructures and provide a potential route to develop high‐performance lithium‐ion storage materials. The mesoporous molybdenum dioxide/molybdenum phosphide heterostructure nanobelts (meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs) is composed of uniform nanoparticles, which offers continuous electron/ion transport pathways. The obvious charge transfer from MoO2 to MoP and stable crystal structure during the lithiation/delithiation process lead to an excellent rate capability and long‐term cycling performance (515 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) for meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs.

Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy (HBOT) is a widely used therapeutic option. It involves cycles with administration of 100% oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues. The application of HBOT may affect all organs and tissues including kidneys which may be sensitive to the changes during HBOT. As underlying mechanisms for HBOT, the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide, antioxidant reactions, increased plasma levels of growth factors and nuclear hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression are discussed. Although HBOT is frequently used in man, knowledge about effects of HBOT on kidney function is still lacking in humans. The aim of this pilot study was to monitor changes in renal function parameters, including hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and erythropoietin and employing urinary EV´s to document renal alterations. Test persons ( n  = 23) enrolled presented healthy renal status and received 10 HBOT sessions. Blood and urine samples were taken at the first, the fifth and the tenth HBOT session. Heart rate decreased during HBOT in male and female test persons which may be due to a stimulation of vagal nerve activity. Serum HIF-1α and erythropoietin values, blood pressure, blood and urine values for renal function parameter except for urine osmolality remained unaffected by HBOT. Urine osmolality together with the trend of renal Na + /K + /2Cl − -cotransporter expression on isolated urinary extracellular vesicles during HBOT significantly increased in both female in male test persons. Most likely, the generation of superoxide may account for the trend in the augmented renal NKCC2 expression and urine osmolality. HIF-1α downstream targets including renal sodium transporter affected by HIF-1α alteration remained unchanged suggesting the relative hypoxia after end of HBOT may not be sufficient. Overall, renal function upon HBOT remained largely unaffected with only minor alterations in urine osmolality.

Zinc–air batteries feature high energy density, but they usually suffer from their short storage life after they start working, restricting their commercial applications. In the past, scholars did not reach an agreement on the influencing factors of the performance degradation of zinc–air batteries when exposed to air. Here, a series of comparative experiments were conducted to confirm the changes of the battery during storage after being exposed to air. The morphology and composition of the components of the battery were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses. SEM images revealed that with the increase of storage days, the corrosion of the zinc anode gradually deepens, but the surface morphology of the air cathode does not change much. The electrolyte of the batteries stored for different periods was examined through inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and titration. After 20 days of storage, the concentration of CO32− reached 2.694 mol L−1, which indicates that more than 80% of the OH− in the electrolyte was consumed. The results show that after being exposed to air, the carbonation of the electrolyte is the main cause of the battery capacity decay.

Objective To design a teaching model of innovative theoretical and practical workshop for manual therapy (MT, also known as Tuina) course within Chinese higher medical education based on outcome-based education (OBE) concept, and to explore its implementation effect and application evaluation. Methods Sixty undergraduate students were randomly divided into three groups: lecture-based learning (LBL), blended teaching (LBL with online self-study), and OBE. The OBE group received student-centered modules combining theory and cognitive training. Effectiveness was assessed using the students’ evaluation of educational quality questionnaire (SEEQ) for dimensions like enthusiasm and interaction, as well as final course score. Results The OBE group achieved significantly higher final score (87.15 ± 3.30, 95% CI: 85.61–88.70) than blended (84.70 ± 3.18, 95% CI: 83.21–86.19) and LBL groups (81.80 ± 4.60, 95% CI: 79.65–83.95). OBE also showed superior SEEQ ratings in group interaction, satisfaction, and breadth than the other teaching models, with lower learning burden compared to blended teaching. Conclusions The OBE-based MT course showed capacity in improving teaching satisfaction and effectiveness by integrating theory with practice, fostering cognitive engagement, and advancing innovative thoughts. OBE-trained students demonstrated relatively enhanced learning and thinking abilities, supporting their career development. The study highlighted the potential significance of OBE in cultivating the professional competence of traditional Chinese medicine students, thus may bridge traditional therapeutic wisdom with modern healthcare needs. However, large-scale and multi-center studies need to be conducted to further support the existing findings.

The continuous evolution of chip manufacturing demands the development of materials with ultra-low dielectric constants. With advantageous dielectric and mechanical properties, initiated chemical vapor deposited (iCVD) poly(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV 3 D 3 ) emerges as a promising candidate. However, previous works have not explored etching for this cyclosiloxane polymer thin film, which is indispensable for potential applications to the back-end-of-line fabrication. Here, we developed an etching process utilizing O 2 /Ar remote plasma for cyclic removal of iCVD pV 3 D 3 thin film at sub-nanometer scale. We employed in-situ quartz crystal microbalance to investigate the process parameters including the plasma power, plasma duration and O 2 flow rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional microscopy reveal the formation of an oxidized skin layer during the etching process. This skin layer further substantiates an etching mechanism driven by surface oxidation and sputtering. Additionally, this oxidized skin layer leads to improved elastic modulus and hardness and acts as a barrier layer for protecting the bottom cyclosiloxane polymer from further oxidation. A novel cyclic etching method was developed for a low- k cyclosiloxane polymer thin film material. Etching rates at sub-nanometer scale per cycle can be tuned by varying the plasma duration, plasma power and O 2 flow rate. An etching mechanism driven by surface oxidation was found for this etching process of cyclosiloxane polymer.

Background Ileostomy and colostomy are two effective clinical methods for intestinal diversion, but both have disadvantages. It is necessary to adopt corresponding nursing interventions for stoma patients to improve their quality of life. Aim The study explored the recovery status and nursing differences of patients who underwent temporary ileostomy and temporary colostomy. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods Patients who underwent temporary ostomy were divided into the ileostomy group and colostomy group according to the surgical method. Relevant clinical data of patients were collected, and differences in postoperative nursing were explored through a chi‐square test. Meanwhile, a Quality‐of‐Life (QOL) assessment was compiled to assess the impact of different ostomy types on patients' postoperative quality of life. The study was conducted according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement. The research question of the study focuses on how to evaluate the patient's recovery status and provide a basis for targeted nursing care for post‐ostomy patients. Results The postoperative regular defecation rate of the ileostomy group was significantly lower than that of the colostomy group (p = 0.031), and the anastomotic healing rate of the ileostomy group was significantly higher than that of the colostomy group 1 week postoperatively (p = 0.037). According to the analysis of the QOL assessment, the ileostomy group showed significantly higher tolerance to ostomy faeces odour than the colostomy group (p = 0.002), and postoperative appetite in the ileostomy group was significantly better than that in the colostomy group (p = 0.002). Conclusions Compared with the colostomy group, the ileostomy group had a higher anastomotic healing rate 1 week postoperatively, a faster recovery of intestinal peristalsis, a better appetite after surgery, an easier tolerance to the odour of stoma faeces and a higher comprehensive postoperative quality of life. Relevance to Clinical Practice Nurses and other healthcare professionals should be aware of the differences in surgical techniques for stoma patients. Nursing work should strengthen attention to postoperative diet and ostomy hygiene care for colostomy patients. Patient or Public Contribution Fifty patients consented and were enrolled. The stoma surgeries were carried out by the surgical team, while the nursing team was responsible for postoperative care, data collection, analysis and interpretation.

Carbon-based electrodes of potassium-ion batteries are of great research interest ascribed to their low cost and environmentally friendly distinctions. However, traditional carbon materials usually exhibit weak mechanical properties and incomplete crosslinking, resulting in poor stability and electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a new strategy for modifying reduced graphene oxide into a uniform few-layer structure through a sol—gel method combined with acid etching treatment. The obtained chemical cross-linking and mechanically reinforced carbon network constructed by graphene (CNCG) demonstrates excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties. Adopted as a free-standing anode (∼ 7 mg·cm −2 ) for potassium ion battery, the as-achieved CNCG delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 317.7 mAh·g −1 at a current density of 50 mA·g −1 and admirable cycle stability (208.4 mAh·g −1 at 50 mA·g −1 after 500 cycles). The highly reversible structural stability and fully cross-linked properties during potassiation are revealed by ex-situ characterization. This work provides new ideas for the synthesis of new carbon materials and the development of high-performance electrodes.

It is becoming increasingly clear that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a key role in post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic RNAs in cancer. The regulatory mechanism of m6A modifications in prostate cancer is still not completely elucidated. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), an m6A reader, has been revealed to function as an oncogenic RNA-binding protein. However, its contribution to prostate cancer progression remains poorly understood. Here, we found that HNRNPA2B1 was highly overexpressed and correlated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. and functional experiments demonstrated that knockout impaired proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer. Mechanistic studies indicated that HNRNPA2B1 interacted with primary and promoted its processing by recruiting DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), a key subunit of the Microprocessor complex, in an METTL3-dependent mechanism, while knockout significantly restored levels. HNRNPA2B1/ downregulated FERM domain-containing protein 6 (FRMD6), a cancer suppressor, and enhanced proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer. In conclusion, our findings identified a novel oncogenic axis, HNRNPA2B1/ /FRMD6, that stimulates prostate cancer progression via an m6A-dependent manner.