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Volleyball athletes’ performance can vary between different micro-phases of the competition. This study aimed to investigate distinctions in volleyball athletes’ technical performance among rounds employing a novel volleyball round model. We further assessed how technical performance relates to attack outcome categories (point, continuation, error) across rounds. Data from 20 matches in the 2023/2024 Chinese Women’s Volleyball Super League were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis. The proposed model enabled a round-specific description of technical performance and helped reveal round-to-round variation. Technical performance varied across rounds. Associations between technical variables and attack outcomes also differed by round. In Round 1, serve type showed the strongest association with attack outcomes. The jump-float serve was the most frequently used technique, while the power jump serve was more often linked with errors. In Round 2, attacks were initiated under faster tempos, and attack tempo showed the strongest association with attack outcomes. In contrast, Round 3 presented adverse conditions for attack, with blocking exerting pronounced influences on attack outcome categories. Technical performance in Rounds 4 and 5 displayed uniform patterns and attack outcomes in these rounds were statistically comparable to those in Round 2.

This paper is concerned with the traveling waves for a modified Holling-Tanner predator–prey model with degenerate diffusion. Different from the established approaches of constructing upper-lower solutions, we construct a new and suitable pair of upper-lower solutions by solving three differential equations and establish the existence of traveling waves for any c≥c∗ when n≥0. In addition, we obtain the minimal wave speed c∗=2r when n=0, without reconstructing the upper-lower solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of traveling waves at infinity is obtained by the upper-lower solutions and the contracting rectangle method.

This paper is concerned with the traveling waves for a modified Holling-Tanner predator–prey model with degenerate diffusion. Different from the established approaches of constructing upper-lower solutions, we construct a new and suitable pair of upper-lower solutions by solving three differential equations and establish the existence of traveling waves for any c ≥ c ∗ when n ≥ 0 . In addition, we obtain the minimal wave speed c ∗ = 2 r when n = 0 , without reconstructing the upper-lower solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of traveling waves at infinity is obtained by the upper-lower solutions and the contracting rectangle method.

Innate immunity to microorganisms relies on the specific sensing of pathogen-associated molecules by host recognition receptors. Whereas studies in animals have largely focused on the recognition of extracellular pathogen-associated molecules by the TLR (toll-like receptor) superfamily, few studies have been carried out in plants, and it is not understood how these molecules are secreted or modified. The rice Xa21 gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that provides immunity against strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae carrying AvrXa21 activity. We identified four X. oryzae pv. oryzae genes that are required for AvrXa21 activity. raxA, raxB, and raxC encode proteins with similarity to a membrane fusion protein, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, and an outer membrane protein, respectively, of bacterial type I secretion systems. The fourth gene, raxST, encodes a sulfotransferase-like protein. Sequence analysis of three naturally occurring X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains no longer recognized by Xa21 revealed alterations in the raxST and raxA genes. The raxC gene complemented an Escherichia coli tolC mutant for secretion of a double glycine-leader peptide confirming the function of raxC in type I secretion. These results indicate that bacterial type I secretion is necessary for Xa21-mediated recognition and immunity and further suggest that type I secretion and modification of pathogen-associated molecules play an important role in triggering the innate immune response in rice.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight, one of the most serious diseases in rice. X. oryzae pv. oryzae Philippine race 6 (PR6) strains are unable to establish infection in rice lines expressing the resistance gene Xa21. Although the pathogen-associated molecule that triggers the Xa21-mediated defense response (AvrXa21) is unknown, six rax (required for AvrXa21 activity) genes encoding proteins involved in sulfur metabolism and Type I secretion were recently identified. Here, we report on the identification of two additional rax genes, raxR and raxH, which encode a response regulator and a histidine protein kinase of two-component regulatory systems, respectively. Null mutants of PR6 strain PXO99 that are impaired in either raxR, raxH, or both cause lesions significantly longer and grow to significantly higher levels than does the wild-type strain in Xa21-rice leaves. Both raxR and raxH mutants are complemented to wild-type levels of AvrXa21 activity by introduction of expression vectors carrying raxR and raxH, respectively. These null mutants do not affect AvrXa7 and AvrXa10 activities, as observed in inoculation experiments with Xa7- and Xa10-rice lines. Western blot and raxR/gfp promoter-reporter analyses confirmed RaxR expression in X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The results of promoter-reporter studies also suggest that the previously identified raxSTAB operon is a target for RaxH/RaxR regulation. Characterization of the RaxH/RaxR system provides new opportunities for understanding the specificity of the X. oryzae pv. oryzae-Xa21 interaction and may contribute to the identification of AvrXa21.

SnO2 is recently considered as one of the most promising candidates for anode material of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). However, its poor electronic conductivity and serious volume effect limit its application. Here, SnO2 nano-particles are imbedded in porous graphene bulk through destabilized solvothermal reaction. High weight loading of SnO2 (91.5 wt%) and larger surface area of 202.1 m2 g−1 are obtained to ensure high specific capacities. Thus, high reversible discharge/charge capacities of 1361/1341 mAh g−1 remained after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. Even at 2.0 A g−1, SnO2/graphene still delivers high reversible discharge/charge capacities of 1010/1002 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 91% after 300 cycles. Such excellent property is ascribed to special hierarchical structure, which not only offers a rapid electron transfer meshwork but also plays as an efficient buffer to release the serious inner stress from the volumetric effect.

Introduction: Cancer treatments frequently lead to cognitive impairments, affecting a substantial global population. Among various approaches, exercise has emerged as a promising strategy for rehabilitation. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research in this field is lacking. Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 10,345 articles sourced from the Web of Science database using the R package “bibliometrix”. Our analysis examined publication trends, leading countries, journals, authors, institutions, keywords, and prevalent themes. Results: Over the past two decades, research on exercise interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) has advanced significantly. Nonetheless, challenges persist in elucidating underlying mechanisms, developing innovative strategies, and creating effective tools. Conclusions: The number of publications notably increased from 1998 to 2023, although there has been a recent decline in citations. The United States (US) leads in both publications and citations, while China is showing increasing influence. Using Lotka’s Law in our bibliometric analysis, we identified 58 key authors in the field of exercise interventions for CRCI. Leading institutions such as the University of Toronto and Duke University are at the forefront of this research. Although the Journal of Clinical Oncology has fewer publications, it remains influential. Current research focuses on exercise interventions to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients, with particular emphasis on cognitive rehabilitation in breast cancer and the challenges faced by survivors. Future research should delve deeper into intervention mechanisms, behavioral strategies, telemedicine, and precise cognitive assessment tools.

Abstract Background Cefiderocol is the first antibiotic with effluent flow rate–based dosing recommendations outlined in the product label for patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We aimed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol among patients receiving CRRT and validate these dosing recommendations. Methods A multicenter, prospective cefiderocol pharmacokinetic study among intensive care unit patients receiving CRRT was conducted (2022–2023). Blood sampling was performed at steady-state and cefiderocol concentrations were assayed by validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted in Pmetrics using R software. The free time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (f T > MIC) and total daily area under the concentration time curve (AUCdaily) were calculated. Results Fourteen patients with effluent flow rates ranging from 2.1 to 5.1 L/h were enrolled. Cefiderocol concentrations best fitted a 2-compartment model. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) parameter estimates for clearance, central compartment volume, and intercompartment transfer constants (k12 and k21) were 3.5 ± 1.5 L/hour, 10.7 ± 8.4 L, 3.9 ± 1.8 hours−1, and 2.2 ± 2.2 hours−1, respectively. With simulations based on product label dosing recommendations, all patients achieved 100% fT > MIC up to MIC 8 mg/L with an AUCdaily (mean ± SD) of 1444 ± 423 mg × hour/L. Cefiderocol was well tolerated among the 14 patients. Conclusions The current package insert dosing recommendations resulted in pharmacodynamically optimized cefiderocol exposures. Cefiderocol concentrations exceeded relevant MIC breakpoints in all patients at each effluent flow rate, and AUCdaily was within the range observed in patients in the phase 3 clinical trials, suggestive of a safe and therapeutic drug profile.