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"Shi, Da"
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Articulation points in complex networks
An articulation point in a network is a node whose removal disconnects the network. Those nodes play key roles in ensuring connectivity of many real-world networks, from infrastructure networks to protein interaction networks and terrorist communication networks. Despite their fundamental importance, a general framework of studying articulation points in complex networks is lacking. Here we develop analytical tools to study key issues pertinent to articulation points, such as the expected number of them and the network vulnerability against their removal, in an arbitrary complex network. We find that a greedy articulation point removal process provides us a different perspective on the organizational principles of complex networks. Moreover, this process results in a rich phase diagram with two fundamentally different types of percolation transitions. Our results shed light on the design of more resilient infrastructure networks and the effective destruction of terrorist communication networks.
An articulation point in a network is a node whose removal disconnects the network. Here the authors develop analytical tools to study key issues pertinent to articulation points, such as the expected number of them and the network vulnerability against their removal, in arbitrary complex networks.
Journal Article
Functional pavements : proceedings of the 6th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design (CEW 2020), Nanjing, China, 18-21 October 2020
\"Functional Pavements is a collection of papers presented at the 6th Chinese-European Workshop (CEW) on Functional Pavement Design (Nanjing, China, October 18-21, 2020). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and cover analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: Asphalt binders for flexible pavements Asphalt mixture evaluation and performance Pavement construction and maintenance Pavement Surface Properties and Vehicle Interaction Cementitious materials for rigid pavements Pavement geotechnics and environment Functional Pavements aims at contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals, academics and practitioners in pavement engineering and related disciplines as it should assist them in providing improved road pavement infrastructure to their stakeholders.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals regulators underlying immune cell diversity and immune subtypes associated with prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with extremely skewed ethnic and geographic distributions. Increasing evidence indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a promising therapeutic approach in NPC, highlighting an urgent need to deepen the understanding of the complex NPC TME. Here, we generated single-cell transcriptome profiles for 7581 malignant cells and 40,285 immune cells from fifteen primary NPC tumors and one normal sample. We revealed malignant signatures capturing intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity and predicting aggressiveness of malignant cells. Diverse immune cell subtypes were identified, including novel subtypes such as
CLEC9A
+
dendritic cells (DCs). We further revealed transcriptional regulators underlying immune cell diversity, and cell–cell interaction analyses highlighted promising immunotherapeutic targets in NPC. Moreover, we established the immune subtype-specific signatures, and demonstrated that the signatures of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs),
CLEC9A
+
DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, and plasma cells were significantly associated with improved survival outcomes in NPC. Taken together, our findings represent a unique resource providing in-depth insights into the cellular heterogeneity of NPC TME and highlight potential biomarkers for anticancer treatment and risk stratification, laying a new foundation for precision therapies in NPC.
Journal Article
Archaeology and conservation along the Silk Road : conference 2016 postprints
\"Supported by Eurasia Pacific Uninet, the second international conference on 'Archaeology and Conservation along the Silk Road' was jointly organized by Nanjing University China and Institute of Conservation, University of Applied Arts Vienna and held in May 2016 in China. Silk Road showcases the trans-continental cultural movements between Europe and Asia and this event encouraged researchers to reflect on popular as well as otherwise under-represented topics. This volume includes selected papers from the conference and merges aspects of archaeology with conservation. Subjects vary from field drawings, unique local techniques, spread of diseases and epidemics to DNA studies assessing population migration and mixture. Next Silk Road conference is planned for 2018 to carry forward the initiative of learning and exchange of knowledge\"--Publisher's website.
Book
High-entropy alloy enables multi-path electron synergism and lattice oxygen activation for enhanced oxygen evolution activity
Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is key to several energy technologies but suffers from low activity. Leveraging the lattice oxygen activation mechanism (LOM) is a strategy for boosting its activity. However, this approach faces significant thermodynamic challenges, requiring high-valent oxidation of metal ions without compromising their stability. We reveal that high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can efficiently activate the LOM through synergistic multi-path electron transfer. Specifically, the oxidation of nickel is enhanced by this electron transfer, aided by the integration of weaker Co-O bonds, enabling effective LOM at the Ni-Co dual-site. These insights allow the design of a NiFeCoCrW
0.2
HEA that exhibits improved activity, achieving an overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm
−2
. It also demonstrates good stability, maintaining the potential with less than 5% variation over 90 days at 100 mA cm
−2
current density. This study sheds light on the synergistic effects that confer high activity in HEAs and contribute to the advancement of high-performance OER electrocatalysts.
The oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for renewable energy technologies but limited by low activity. Here, authors show that high-entropy alloys can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction by activating the lattice oxygen mechanism through multi-path electron transfer, particularly in nickel.
Journal Article
PPARγ inhibitors enhance the efficacy of statin therapy for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a serious bone disease commonly seen in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Although statins have shown some efficacy in improving lipid metabolism, their efficacy in the treatment of SONFH remains limited. PPARγ inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of statins through several mechanisms. This study aims to investigate how PPARγ inhibitors may enhance the effects of statins in the treatment of SONFH by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions.
We first treated osteoblasts in vitro with high concentrations of hormones to simulate the SONFH environment. We then treated the cells with either the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662, the statin lovastatin, or a combination of both. We assessed cell proliferation and apoptosis using CCK-8, flow cytometry and Western blotting. We then established a SONFH rabbit model using high doses of methylprednisolone and lipopolysaccharide. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, lovastatin group, GW9662 group and combination therapy group. We observed hip joint MRI before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and 4 weeks after stopping treatment. We performed hematoxylin-eosin staining of the femoral head and analysed serum lipoprotein subfractions using VAP technology. In addition, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to analyse the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism at week 3.
In vitro experiments showed that both GW9662 and lovastatin effectively inhibited hormone-induced apoptosis. In the animal studies, imaging and pathological results showed that the progression of SONFH was slower in the combination therapy group than in the other groups. VAP analysis showed that the lovastatin group had disturbed lipoprotein subfractions at the fourth week after stopping treatment, while the combination therapy group had more stable lipoprotein subfractions.
PPARγ inhibitors significantly enhance the efficacy of statins in the treatment of SONFH by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions. These findings provide new insights into the clinical management of SONFH and suggest that combination therapy may be an effective strategy.
Journal Article
Identification of Marrubiin as a Cathepsin C Inhibitor for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cathepsin C (CTSC) mediates neutrophil serine protease (NSP) maturation, contributing to inflammatory cascades, making it a key therapeutic target. In this study, through large-scale screening of a natural product library, marrubiin, a diterpenoid lactone compound, was identified as a potent CTSC inhibitor, which holds potential value in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It inhibited human recombinant CTSC (IC50 = 57.5 nM) and intracellular CTSC (IC50 = 51.6 nM) with acceptable cytotoxicity, and reduced the activity and protein levels of downstream NSPs in vitro. Functionally, marrubiin inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide release and regulated the levels of cytokines and chemokines. Docking result predicted marrubiin may achieve CTSC activity inhibition by using lactone structure as a covalent unit to target Cys234. In vivo study indicated that high-dose marrubiin (IC50 = 30 mg/kg) reduced CTSC and NSPs activities in blood and bone marrow in mice without toxicity, and its efficacy was comparable to that of positive compound AZD7986. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis model, high-dose marrubiin (IC50 = 60 mg/kg) exerted a therapeutic effect by reducing the activities of CTSC and NSPs. These findings indicated marrubiin is a promising natural CTSC inhibitor, which can be used for the treatment of neutrophil-related inflammatory diseases.
Journal Article
